US3189988A - Method of making copper tubing - Google Patents

Method of making copper tubing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3189988A
US3189988A US103868A US10386861A US3189988A US 3189988 A US3189988 A US 3189988A US 103868 A US103868 A US 103868A US 10386861 A US10386861 A US 10386861A US 3189988 A US3189988 A US 3189988A
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Prior art keywords
compact
punch
extrusion
lubricant
powder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US103868A
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English (en)
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Edward V Crane
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EW Bliss Co Inc
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EW Bliss Co Inc
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Priority to US103868A priority Critical patent/US3189988A/en
Priority to GB14437/62A priority patent/GB1008250A/en
Priority to CH460562A priority patent/CH399143A/fr
Priority to BE616442A priority patent/BE616442A/fr
Priority to DE19621458260 priority patent/DE1458260A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3189988A publication Critical patent/US3189988A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, rods or tubes
    • B21C23/085—Making tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/01—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding

Definitions

  • This invention relates to forming tubular products from metallic powder. More particularly, this invention relates to a method of blending and compacting finely divided metallic powder into a green compact, removing impurities from the green compact, coalescing the metallic particles, and, thereafter, forming a tubular article from the compact.
  • a still further object of this invention is to prepare a metallic tubular article from a metallic compact by extrusion of the compact.
  • Copper has been selected as an example of a metal which may be treated according to this invention.
  • Ferrous and other non-ferrous metals and mixtures of such metals may be converted from metallic powder to extruded shapes according to this invention, as will be obvious to those skilled in the art..
  • Other objects and advantages will become obvious to those skilled in the 3,139,98 Patented June 22, 1965 art from a study of the specification taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • FIGURE 1 is a flow sheet illustrating the basic steps of forming metallic tubing from powder according to this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the general structure of the type of metallic tubing which may be formed according to the method of this invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of the extrusion apparatus of one type which may be used to form metallic tubing from the compact;
  • FIGURE 4 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of the extrusion apparatus illustrating the general relationship of the apparatus and the compact before extrusion, and various shapes assumed by the compact before, during and at the end of the stroke of the extrusion punch, according to one embodiment of this invention;
  • FEGURE 5 is an enlarged view of the encircled portion of FEGURE 4 illustrating the coaction of various parts of the extrusion apparatus;
  • FIGURE 5A is a view similar to FIGURE 5, but with the punch and mandrel omitted from the View;
  • FEGURE 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the metallic tube made according to the extrusion apparatus illustrated in FIGURES 3 and 4;
  • FIGURE 7 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of the extrusion apparatus, illustrating the general relationship of the apparatus and the compact before extrusion, and various shapes assumed by the compact before, during and at the end of the stroke of the extrusion punch, according to another embodiment of the invention for extruding compacts in tandem;
  • FIGURE 8 is a front elevational view, partly in section, illustrating the coaction of the extrusion punch with compacts arranged in tandem;
  • FIGURE 9 is a front elevational view, partly in section, similar to FIGURES 7 and 8 outwith the extrusion punch further along in the extrusion stroke;
  • FIGURE 10 is a front elevational view, partly in section, similar to FiGURE 8 but with the punch at the end of the extrusion stroke in the tandem arrangement of the compact;
  • FIGURE 11 is a perspective view of the metallic tube formed according to the embodiment of this invention illustrated in FIGURES 7-l0.
  • the first step of the method according to this invention is to blend the metallic powder particles prior to compaction.
  • the purpose of this step is to uniformly mix the metallic powder, which is generally composed of minute particles of varying sizes, to obtain a particle mass having a uniform particle distribution.
  • the copper powder mass should have an average particle size of approximately 12.3 microns, although average particle sizes ranging from 10 to 12 microns have been found satisfactory for use in this invention.
  • the use of an excessive percentage of copper particles of less than 10 microns has been found undesirable because tubes extruded from compacts formed of such powder have been found to contain blisters and cracks.
  • a lubricant may be added to the copper powder mass.
  • the lubricant serves to reduce the friction between individual particles during the compacting process, and to reduce the friction between the particles and the compaction die walls.
  • the lubricant should possess a relatively low melting point, and preferably, be capable of melting under the influence of the heat generated during compaction.
  • Metal soaps have been found to be excellent lubricants for this purpose. Such soaps include the stearate salts of barium calcium, zinc, lithium, and similar metals.
  • a mixture of lubricants such as lithium stearate and Emersol 150 has been found advantageous according to a preferred embodiment of this invention.
  • This lubricant mixture is formed of 0.25% lithium stearate and 0.2% Emersol 150 by weight of copper powder.
  • Other lubricants such as zinc stearate and stearic acid may also be utilized, although each of these lubricants when used alone has been found less effective than the combination of lubricant materials mentioned above.
  • the lubricant when added, causes lumping of the particles, the lubricantparticle mass may be screened, as with a 30 mesh screen to break up or remove the lumps.
  • the thoroughly blended mass of copper powder and lubricant is then fed to a compaction press for the formation of the green compact.
  • Any suitable manual or automatic compaction press may be utilized for the formation of the compact.
  • the compact utilized in forming the extruded tube according to this invention is cylindrical in shape and has central bore extending axially throughout the length of the compact. The particular dimensions of the compact, will, of course, vary with the extent to which the powder is compacted, and with the length of tubing desired from each extruded compact.
  • the degree of compaction of the blended particle mass should be sufiicient to form a self-supporting compact, but should not compress the particles so closely together as to obtain substantially full density.
  • the compact should be self-supporting, porous, uniformly dense, and approximately 80-90% of full density.
  • the next step in the method of this invention involves the removal of impurities from the green compact.
  • impurities comprise oxides of the metallic powder which are entrained Within the compact, lubricant materials added to aid in the compaction process, and small amounts of other impurities residing in the powder mass and not removed during the recovery process.
  • the removal of these undesirable components from the compact may be accomplished either in one step or in two steps depending on the size of the compact and the extent and nature of the impurities contained therein.
  • the two step procedure involves, first, a pre-burning operation for the removal of the lubricant, which has been added to the copper mass to enhance the compaction process, and other volatile components.
  • the pro-burning of the green compact takes place in a furnace, or in an antechamber section of a furnace, heated to about 1200 F. through which the green compact is passed.
  • the exposure of the compact to heat during pre-burning should be approximately 15-30 minutes, and the heating should take place in an inert atmosphere.
  • disassociated ammonia is used as the atmosphere within the slow burning furnace.
  • the slow heating to which the compact is exposed during the preburning stage will cause substantially all of the lubricant materials to volatize and pass off as gases, leaving only minute quantities, if any, of residue lubricant materials,
  • the compact may then be subjected to sintering, the second step of the two step procedure, which functions to further remove the lubricant residues, reduce the oxides which have been formed, and to coalesce the metallic particles.
  • Sintering is preferably performed at elevated temperatures in the range of 1920-1950" F, in an atmosphere containing reducing gases and inert gas components to minimize the possibility of oxidation of the metallic particles in the heated compact.
  • the upper sintering temperature is just below the melting point of the metallic copper and is sufliciently high to coalesce the particles within the compact.
  • the porosity of the compact permits effective removal of the undesirable oxides, because the reducing gases are able to permeate the compact.
  • the atmosphere may suitably be disassociated ammonia which provides hydrogen for reducing the oxides, as well as the nitrogen to act as the inert atmosphere for preventing oxidation during the .sintering stage.
  • ammonia which provides hydrogen for reducing the oxides
  • nitrogen to act as the inert atmosphere for preventing oxidation during the .sintering stage.
  • the pre-burning stage is, in effect, a mild form of sintering.
  • the pre-burning stage suflices to remove some of the undesirable components (as the lubricant materials), but is not sutlicient to perform all of the sintering functions of the sintering furnace. If the compact is small, preburning is generally not required because the sintering furnace is capable of removing the lubricant materials and the oxides in one step. Both steps are desirable when the compact is of a relatively large size.
  • the sintered compact is next coated with a lubricant.
  • This lubricant is placed on all external surfaces of the compact, including the surfaces of the axial bore.
  • This lubricant may suitably comprise an admixture of one of the well known stearate lubricant materials, such as lithium and zinc stearate and stearic acid in a volatile solvent as benzene.
  • the solvent should be sufficiently volatile to provide a substantially dry, lubricant coated compact between the time the lubricant solution is applied and the lubricant coated compact is extruded.
  • the use of a solution has the advantage of ease of application, and insures coating all surfaces.
  • the apparatus comprises a punch 10 having an axial bore 12 which houses mandrel 14.
  • the punch is preferably made of a sintcred carbide having a substantial cobalt content, in order that it may withstand the force to which the punch is subjected during the extrusion operation.
  • the punch has a slightly convex face 16 to aid in centering the punch against the compact to be extruded.
  • the punch also has an undercut portion 1% to form a lip 20 for the purpose of pinching off any flash which may extrude backward around the face of the punch, as will be more fully described hereinafter.
  • the mandrel 14 may be made of substantially the same material as punch 10, or of an electrolized high speed steel, lapped lengthwise.
  • the mandrel 14- has a tip 15 which is of a smaller diameter than the body of the mandrel.
  • Punch 10 has a conical portion 22 which is adapted to be grasped by the punch supporting elements of the ram of the press.
  • a socket 24 is formed in conical portion 22 to accommodate the thickened end 26 of mandrel 14 for firmly seating the mandrel.
  • a pressure plate 28 abuts against the back face of the punch and mandrel as shown to spread or distribute load intensity.
  • the punch may be securely fixed to the ram 31 (see FIG. 8) of the press and aligned with the die opening by means of a suitable retaining rings 30 and 32.
  • the details for securing the punch to the ram 31 form no part of this invention, and any suitable arrangement may be utilized so long as the punch and mandrel are firmly secured to the ram and aligned with the die opening. It should also be understood that the mandrel 14 may be integral with the punch 16, or, preferably, may be a separate element removably secured to the punch as described.
  • the die holder 34 is provided with a carbide or hardened steel insert 36, both being provided with a bore 38 extending through the insert 36 and the die 34.
  • the hardened insert is preferably made of sintered carbide in order to withstand the extrusion forces.
  • the hard insert or nib 36 has a contour 40 formed therein.
  • the angle ,8 is the included angle of the contour and preferably should be between about 110 to about 150.
  • the included angle of this contour is an important aspect of this invention, because too great an angle imposes excessive tensile strains on the mandrel 14 during extrusion, while too shallow an angle results in lapping of the ends of successive extruded tubes so that the tubes hang together.
  • Bore 38 is slightly divergent in that it has a compensating slight taper outwardly from the entry end adjacent the nib 36 toward theexit end of the bore.
  • a container 42 Secured to the face of the die is a container 42 provided with a hardened insert or liner 44, with the bore 46 of the container axially aligned with the mandrel 14 and with the bore 38 provided in die 34 and the insert 36.
  • Bore 46 is slightly convergent in that it has a slight compensating taper inwardly from the end adjacent the punch toward the nib 49.
  • the tapering of bores 38 and 46 is best seen in FIG. 3. The position of the punch with respect to the container and die at the beginning of the stroke is shown in FIGURE 3.
  • An annular stripping groove 41 (see FIGS. 3 and 5A) is formed at the junction of the liner 44 and the die insert 36.
  • the stripping groove cooperates with the punch lip 29 to shear off that portion of the compact which may be forced behind the punch face 16 during extrusion, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the stripping groove also serves to keep the compressed butt end 62 of the compact from being pulled out of the die on the mandrel 14, as will be more fully understood from the description of the extrusion process given below.
  • a compact 43 (see FIG. 4) is fed into position opposite the bore 46 of liner 44 with the bore 54 of the compact axially aligned with the mandrel 14.
  • the die should be heated prior to commencing extrusion in order to facilitate the extrusion process. Any heating means associated with the die may be used, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the tapered tip of mandrel 14 will enter the bore 5% of the compact 48.
  • the compact 48 is caused to enter the container and to occupy a position shown at 52.
  • the punch and mandrel will compress the compact to the form shown at 54.
  • the punch has in effect increased the density of the compact from approximately 80% to substantially 100%.
  • the mandrel will enter the die bore 38, and the punch will force the compact into the contour 40 of the die to extrude the compact into the tube 60.
  • the compact has a substantially conical butt end portion 62 residing within the nib 36 of the die, with the balance of the compact extending through and beyond the die in the form of the extruded tube 66.
  • the stroke of the punch and mandrel is of such length as to prevent the punch from being bottomed in the die, i.e., with the punch face in contact with the die insert 36, to avoid damage to the punch or die members (see FIG. 5).
  • the punch and mandrel are then withdrawn, during the return stroke of the press, and when the punch reaches the end of its stroke, another compact 48 is fed into the position shown in FIG. 4.
  • the forward stroke of the punch and mandrel will then feed this compact into the container, will force it against the conical portion 62 remaining in the nib of the die, and will compress this second compact.
  • continued forward movement fo the punch and mandrel will force the conical residue 62 through the die to complete the extrusion of the first compact.
  • the second compact will then be extruded by the continued forward movement of the punch and mandrel until it is substantially entirely extruded with the exception of a conical residue remaining in the nib of the'die.
  • the punch face 16 At the end of the forward stroke of the punch and mandrel, the punch face 16 abuts against butt end 62, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • a portion of the compact adjacent the punch face will flow into the stripping groove 41, and a small amount of the compact may be forced between the punch lip 20 and the bore 46, as shown at 47 in FIG. 5.
  • the stripping groove 41 When the punch is withdrawn during the return stroke, the stripping groove 41 will serve to prevent the butt end 62 from coming out of the die on the mandrel, and the shoulder 49 of the stripping groove will coact with the punch lip 20 to shear off the portion 47 which may have been forced around the punch to produce a substantially burr free butt end, as shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the tube 60 which has been extruded according to the embodiment is shown in FIG. 6. It will be noted that the tube has a slight mark 64 some ditsance from the left end of the tube. This mark is in the form of a ring, indicated at 64, of a slight offset or difference in diameter due to thermal shrinkage, without, however, any appreciable difference in the Wall thickness of the tubing.
  • the compact is approximately 75% extruded during the forward stroke of the punch and mandrel.
  • the neck 66 see FIG. 5
  • the extruded tube 60 to the right of this neck is at a very high temperature, being in the nature of approximately 800 F. to 1000 F.
  • the substantially conical butt end 62 remaining in the nib of the die cools quickly to a lower temperature resembling the temperature of the die insert 36.
  • extrusion is performed under such conditions as to shift the ring 64 to an end position where it will be removed in trimming, without in any way varying the quality of the tube extruded from the compact.
  • FIG. 7 there is illustrated an embodiment which utilizes two compacts in tandem within the container.
  • the punch and mandrel utilized in this embodiment are sustantially the same as those illustrated in FIG.
  • Mandrel 72 is significantly longer than mandrel 14, in order to be capable of passing through two compact elements in tandem.
  • Mandrel 72 also has a tip 15 which performs the same functions as described above.
  • the container 7 7i), and liner 73 according to the embodiment of KG. 7, are substantially wider than container 42 and liner 44 shown in FIG. 4, in order to house the two compacts in tandem.
  • the die and die inserts are the same as those illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the punch 10 and the mandrel '72 are in their retracted position, that is, away from the container and die.
  • the die container 7% contains one compact.
  • the compact adjacent the face of the die insert 36 is designated B, and the compact furthest from the die face, and between the compact B and the punch and mandrel, will be designated as A.
  • compacts A and B are of the same size and shape, both having the same shape as compact A.
  • the face of the punch will, contact the face of compact A, feed the compact into the die container, force compact A against compact B, and will compress both compacts A and B. Further movement of the punch will force compact B into the nib of the die and fully extrude compact B.
  • the first stroke of the punch and mandrel serves to compress the two compacts within the container, such that a portion of compact B extends to or slightly into bore 38, with the face of the compact within the nib of the die assuming the configuration of the nib.
  • the die container 70 houses a compressed compact A which has a face adjacent the nib of the die conforming to the contour at of the nib.
  • FIG. 7 there is illustrated a compact B housed within the container 70 with a portion of the compact extending to or slightly into the die insert 36 such that a small portion of the compact may be extruded into the form of a tube :as at 74.
  • a compact A similar to compact 48, is fed into position opposite the bore 71 of container 70, with the bore of compact A axially aligned with the mandrel 72 and bore 38 of the die. Forward movement of the punch and mandrel will feed compact A into the container 70 such that compact A assumes the position A within the container.
  • FIG. 8 The arrangement of the punch, mandrel and compacts A and B at this point of the extrusion operation is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the punch will cause compact A to abut against compact B, with the face of the compact (A) adjacent the face of the punch assuming the configuration of the face of the punch, and the face of compact A adjacent compact B assuming the contour of contact B as shown in FIG. 9.
  • compact B is completely extruded through the die to form a tube 76 and compact A assumes the position formerly occupied by compact B, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the punch and mandrel are then retracted and the apparatus is in position to receive another compact to repeat the extrusion of the compacts in tandem.
  • the extruded tube '76 (PEG. 11), has a slight mark 65 substantially at the end of the tube, as distinguished from the mark 64 shown on the tube in FIG. 6.
  • Mark 635 is caused by substantially the same differential shrinkage phenomena which forms the mark in the tube according to the embodiment illustrated in PEG. 4
  • the mark as in the tube of FIG. ll is shifted to the end of the tube, because as noted in PEG. 7, the compact (compact B) is only slightly extruded during the first stroke of the punch. For that reason, only a very small portion of the extruded length of the tube is at a higher temperature, whereas the greater portion of the compact is Within the die, and consequently, at the lower temperature.
  • the tube extruded according to the tandem arrangement of this invention permits the mark to be located near the end of the tube, such that when the tube is trimmed, the mark is removed without substantially affecting the length of the extruded tube.
  • an extruded metallic tube may be obtained which has no visible marking, either internally or externally, making it suitable for those uses in which a slightly offset diameter is undesirable.
  • the mandrel tip performs an important function in reducing the impact load on the extrusion apparatus.
  • the extrusion ratio will be relatively low because of the narrow mandrel tip.
  • the extrusion orifice will be controlled by the difference between the bore diameter 38 and the diameter of the body of mandrel 14.
  • the forward end of the tube will, as a result of the mondrel tip, have a slight thickening evidence by a reduced internal diameter as at 30 (see FIG. 9) due to the momentarily larger orifice at the start of extrusion.
  • This thickened portion may be trimmed oif, if so desired.
  • the mandrel tip by controlling the change of extrusion orifice, eliminates the high peak load, encountered in extruding metal at the start of extrusion, if an attempt were made to achieve the maximum reduction at the very start of the extrusion.
  • Tubular articles formed according to the process of this invention have been found to possess properties superior in many instances to tubing extruded from billets of the metal.
  • a copper tube extruded according to this invention has been found to have finer grain size and higher tensile strength characteristics after annealing, than a tube made from commercially available copper metal.
  • Copper tubes extruded from a compact, and annealed possess a tensile strength of between 35,000 psi and a yield strength of between about 13,000 to 14,000 p.s.i., whereas commercially available tubes prepared, for example, from DHP copper (following ASTM Specification 13-75) and annealed in the same manner as the tubes formed according to this invention, possessed a tensile strength of about 28,000 p.s.i., and a yield strength of about 9,000 p.s.i. Tests for obtaining the above values were carried out using conventional test equipment, following accepted ASTM procedures.
  • the copper tubes made according to this invention retain the fine grain structure even after annealing.
  • the grains of tubes made from commercially available copper grow as a result of a coarser grain annealing.
  • a method of preparing and extruding a sintered shape adapted for use in an extrusion press to form a wrought metallic object substantially 100% dense comprising the steps of:
  • a powder of a ductile metal having a limited number of particles less than microns and having an average particle size distribution in the order of 12 microns;
  • said lubricant is an organic composition at least one constituent of which includes lithium stearate and has a melting point sufficiently low to fuse under the influence of heat generated in compacting the lubricated particles.
  • a method of preparing and extruding a sintered annular compact adapted for use in an extrusion press to form wrought tubing substantially 100% dense comprising the steps of:
  • a powder of a ductile metal having a limited number of particles less than 10 microns and having an average particle size distribution ranging around 12 microns;
  • the method as set forth in claim 10 comprising in addition relieving the impact extrusion pressure at the initial application of the extrusion force by temporarily increasing the size of the extrusion orifice so as to extrude a slightly thicker walled tube at the start.
  • tubing is formed by extruding a plurality of said compacts fed sequentially to the press and comprising;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
US103868A 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Method of making copper tubing Expired - Lifetime US3189988A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US103868A US3189988A (en) 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Method of making copper tubing
GB14437/62A GB1008250A (en) 1961-04-18 1962-04-13 Improvements in or relating to method of making copper tubing
CH460562A CH399143A (fr) 1961-04-18 1962-04-13 Procédé pour former un objet métallique fritté et presse pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
BE616442A BE616442A (fr) 1961-04-18 1962-04-13 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de tubes de cuivre, et tubes obtenus
DE19621458260 DE1458260A1 (de) 1961-04-18 1962-04-16 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Erzeugnissen,insbesondere Rohren aus Metallpulver

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US103868A US3189988A (en) 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Method of making copper tubing

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BE (1) BE616442A (fr)
CH (1) CH399143A (fr)
DE (1) DE1458260A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1008250A (fr)

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US3281893A (en) * 1963-11-04 1966-11-01 Maurice D Ayers Continuous production of strip and other metal products from molten metal
US3334408A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-08-08 Metal Innovations Inc Production of powder, strip and other metal products from refined molten metal
US3345452A (en) * 1964-02-27 1967-10-03 Thomas & Betts Corp Sintered powdered metal connectors
US3390985A (en) * 1966-08-10 1968-07-02 Us Interior Consolidation and forming by high-energy-rate extrusion of powder material
US3407062A (en) * 1967-01-05 1968-10-22 Dow Chemical Co Method of impact extruding
US3478870A (en) * 1968-08-08 1969-11-18 Franklin Mint Inc Method and article for packaging objects
US3730227A (en) * 1969-05-12 1973-05-01 Brunswick Corp Orifice structure
US3733678A (en) * 1969-11-27 1973-05-22 Mannesmann Ag Method of making strips or tape from small metal particles
US3757410A (en) * 1971-01-27 1973-09-11 Treadwell Corp Method and apparatus for extruding metal powder to produce a continuous rod
US3805574A (en) * 1969-04-21 1974-04-23 O Wessel Equipment for extrusion
CN103157692A (zh) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-19 北京有色金属研究总院 一种锌基合金异形管材的制备方法

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US2967613A (en) * 1955-04-28 1961-01-10 134 Woodworth Corp Metal forming apparatus
US2954869A (en) * 1957-08-14 1960-10-04 Lake Erie Machinery Corp Extrusion press
US3075244A (en) * 1959-07-23 1963-01-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Manufacture of articles from powdered materials

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3281893A (en) * 1963-11-04 1966-11-01 Maurice D Ayers Continuous production of strip and other metal products from molten metal
US3345452A (en) * 1964-02-27 1967-10-03 Thomas & Betts Corp Sintered powdered metal connectors
US3334408A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-08-08 Metal Innovations Inc Production of powder, strip and other metal products from refined molten metal
US3390985A (en) * 1966-08-10 1968-07-02 Us Interior Consolidation and forming by high-energy-rate extrusion of powder material
US3407062A (en) * 1967-01-05 1968-10-22 Dow Chemical Co Method of impact extruding
US3478870A (en) * 1968-08-08 1969-11-18 Franklin Mint Inc Method and article for packaging objects
US3805574A (en) * 1969-04-21 1974-04-23 O Wessel Equipment for extrusion
US3730227A (en) * 1969-05-12 1973-05-01 Brunswick Corp Orifice structure
US3733678A (en) * 1969-11-27 1973-05-22 Mannesmann Ag Method of making strips or tape from small metal particles
US3757410A (en) * 1971-01-27 1973-09-11 Treadwell Corp Method and apparatus for extruding metal powder to produce a continuous rod
CN103157692A (zh) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-19 北京有色金属研究总院 一种锌基合金异形管材的制备方法
CN103157692B (zh) * 2011-12-09 2015-06-10 北京有色金属研究总院 一种锌基合金异形管材的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE616442A (fr) 1962-10-15
DE1458260A1 (de) 1969-03-13
GB1008250A (en) 1965-10-27
CH399143A (fr) 1966-03-31

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