US3197964A - Method for making a reinforced concrete structure - Google Patents

Method for making a reinforced concrete structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3197964A
US3197964A US77405A US7740560A US3197964A US 3197964 A US3197964 A US 3197964A US 77405 A US77405 A US 77405A US 7740560 A US7740560 A US 7740560A US 3197964 A US3197964 A US 3197964A
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Prior art keywords
concrete
reinforcing
sheathing
column
cavities
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Expired - Lifetime
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US77405A
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Fehlmann Hans Beat
Max R Schaub
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FEHLMANN
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FEHLMANN
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ
    • E02D5/182—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ using formworks to separate sections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for making a reinforced concrete structure consisting of columnshaped parts butting each other across vertical joints, in which individual parts butting each other are concreted one after another up to full height in spaces provided with a reinforcement and, as far as necessary, defined by sheathing means.
  • a considerable disadvantage of such a procedure resides in the fact that the reinforcement of the individual column-shaped ⁇ structureparts can only extend to the pipe sheathings so that a subsequent establishment of a force-transferring bond between reinforcements of adjacent column-shaped parts is not possible because after the removal of the pipesheathing a reinforcement can be brought only into the ⁇ adjacent zone of the cavity.
  • the reinforcement extends only to the lateral Walls of a structure-part and can, therefore, in no Way be connected in a force-transferring manner with the reinforcement completely inside a previously erected structure-part. Therefore, with prior methods it was impossible to obtain a reinforcement -actingcon- ,tinuously through the entire length of the erected concrete structure, that is, a force-transferring bond indispensibie for getting high resistance and strength.
  • the invention aims at a method allowing to, obtain a concrete structure of any length desired which comprises individual column-shaped parts and a reinforcement which is uninterruptedly effective through the entire length of the structure.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that at least across joints of the oompleted structure sheathing means are used through which no concrete can escape but through which parts of the reinforcement project so that reinforcement parts pass through the joints.
  • sheathing means preferably nettings or grids of yieldable materials such as, for instance, wire netting, perforated sheet metal or the like are used, the mesh aperture of whi-ch is chosen in such a way that the reinforcing rods may pass through the meshes, while the concrete mixture cannot escape through the meshes.
  • the sheathing has to stand the whole or a considerable part of the ⁇ hydrostatic pressure of the filled-in concrete, it is preferably given the shape of a cylindri-cally closed basket, since Wire netting, for instance, can practically only be subjected to pulling and not to bending forces.
  • Individual cylindrical sheathing baskets can be connected with their respective reinforcement and afterwards inserted as assemblies at the desired places of the building site and then filled with concrete.
  • the method according to the invention offers special advantages when making concrete structures in trenchor shaft-shaped cavities, Where the cavity is excavated under permanent filling with bentonite.
  • the sheathing ICC and reinforcement are inserted into the cavity filled with bentonite, and 4inally the concrete is brought in.
  • the additional advantage is offered in connection with the present invention that the bentonite liquid .outside the sheathing produces a certain hydrostatic counter-pressure to the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete charge in the sheathing so that a relatively Weak sheathing, such as, for instance, the above-mentioned wire netting offers suiiicient resistance.
  • the structure made according to the invention has a reinforcement that is in a force-transferring bond over he entire length of the structure and is characterized in that each column-shaped structure part defined by Vertical joints has an individual reinforcement, each point being traversed by the reinforcement of the structure part While, on the other side of the joint, this reinforcement is in force-transferring bond with the reinforcement of the adjacent structure part.
  • FIGS. l to 6 schematically illustrate a construction in various stages of the method
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show individual parts of the structure on a larger scale.
  • a trenchshaped cavity of any desired depth and of the total length shown in FIG. 6 is to be filled over its entire length with concrete by means of the method according to the invention, whereby the horizontal reinforcement of the filled-in concrete structure, such as, for instance, a foundation is in a continuous force-transferring bonding condition along the whole length.
  • a shallow channel l (FIG. 7) is dug along the whole length ofthe construction site, said channel serving a purpose which will be described later on.
  • two cavities 2 and 3 are excavated, the length lof'which may, for instance, amount to 2.5 meters.
  • the cavities 2 and 3 are permanently filled in a wellknown manner with bentonite liquid or the like for the purpose of preventing the Walls of the cavities from caving-in, avoiding in this way any special strutting of the walls.
  • reinforcing grids consisting of horizontal rods 5 and vertical rods 6 (FIG. 8) are inserted into these cavities.
  • a hose-shaped Wire netting '7 is connected with the grid 4, 6, the mesh aperture of said netting being chosen so that the horizontal reinforcing rods 5 can pass through and project beyond the meshes of the netting 7 in longitudinal direction of the trench-shaped cavity 2 or 3 respectively (FIG. 8), While the concrete to be subsequently filled into the basket hose constituted by the wire netting 7 can, in general, not escape through the Wire netting 7 to the outside.
  • the mesh aperture of the Wire netting 7 preferably amounts to about 15 to 20 millimeters 4and the netting must, of course, be rather strong in order to withstand the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete which will subsequently be poured.
  • the wire netting 7 is connected with the reinforcing grid 5, 6 prior to the lowering of the latter into the cavity 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the Wire netting 7 must be shifted toward the ends of the horizontal reinforcing rods 5 before the vertical rods 6 remaining outside the wire netting are fixed to the rods 5.
  • the procedure of connecting the wire netting 7 with the grid 5, 6 may, for instance, be executed as follows: After having assembled the grid 5, 6 with the exception that those vertical rods 6 which are to lie outside the netting 'i are not fixed, Vand individual sheet of wire netting is shifted toward either end of the rods 5. Afterwards, the two netting sheets are bent around the vertical rods 6 and their adjacent edges connected with each other so that a hose 7 su-ch as shown in FIG. 8 in dotted lines is formed. Then, the vertical rods 6 which are to lie outside the hose 7 are fixed to the horizontal rods 5.
  • the rods 5 of the grid may be fixed to the rods 6 in any suitable manner, for instance, by means of wires, clamps or by welding.
  • cavities 9 and it Simultaneously with the insertion into the cavities 2 and 3 of the reinforcing grids 5, 6 combined with netting 7 and the pouring of concrete, other cavities 9 and it) are excavated (FIG. 2). Bentonitey liquid, expelled from the ycavities 2 and 3 due to the concreting in the latter ows through the shallow channel 1 into the nascent cavities 9 and 1t) so that a continuous procedure s possible without loss in bentonite.
  • the cavities 9 and l@ are separated from each other and from the cavity 3 by webs whose length is equal to the length of the web between the cavities 2 and 3.
  • the cavities 9 and l@ having been excavated they are each provided with a Vreinforcing grid combined with a wire netting in the manner described with respect to the cavities 2 and 3, .and afterwards concrete is brought into the cavities 9 and llt) in a similar Way.
  • the cavities 9 and 1t) there are also individual concreted columns 8 formed (FIG. 3).
  • the web d between the cavities 2 and 3 may be excavated; in FIG. 3 this web appears already removed.
  • the wire nettings 7 lie in the joints, which In this way, a concrete column is formed results in an advantageous stitlening and strengthening of these joints.
  • the reinforcing grids 5, 6 and il, l2 overlap each other within the intermediate concrete piece 13 so that through the overlapping horizontal rods 5 and ll and through the concrete of the piece i3 surrounding the rods 5 and 1l a transfer of forces is possibly to such an extent as if there were a continuous horizontal reinforcement or armor extending uninterruptedly through all the three pieces 8, 13 and 8.
  • the outer ends of the horizontal reinforcing rods 5 and/'or il may be bent or otherwise formed in any well-known manner in order to increase their hold in the concrete.
  • the reinforcing grids of the columns S do not extend to the end walls of the cavities Z, 3, 9 and it). This is because some space must be available on the sides of the respective grids for subsequently removing the webs d. As can be seen from FfGS. 3 and 4, it thus happens that starting with equal lengths the cavities 2, 3, 9 and 1t) and the webs 4 of the columns S become in the end substantially shorter than the columns i3. If it is desired that all the concrete columns of the structure have the same length, the cavities 2, 3, 9 and l@ must be made longer than the remaining webs l in order to obtain columns and 13 of equal length in the completed structure.
  • the forming or sheathing baskets 7 are so-called lost forms which remain in the completed structure. Therefore, it is important to use relatively cheap material for the basket 7 such as, for instance, commercial Wire netting.
  • Such lost forms can be avoided by laterally connecting with the reinforcing grids 5, 6 removable shutterpl-ates having perforations for the passage of the horizontal rods 5 of the reinforcing grids 5, 6 and which after completion of the columns 8 can be laterally drawn off the reinforcing rods 5 for repeated use. In such a case the vertical rods 6 of the grids 5, 6 lying outside the columns 8 (FIG.
  • a method for making a reinforced concrete structure of column-shaped parts engaging each other across substantially vertical joints forming a longitudinally extending trench-like excavation, inserting at least two first reinforcing means in .said excavation at a distance from each other, inserting at least two sheathing means in said excavation, each of said sheathing means to extend approximateiy coaxiaily with one of said first reinforcing means and to define a column-shaped space, each of said sheathing means having a longitudinal extension smaller than that of the respective iirst reinforcing means, having each :of said first reinforcing means extend longitudinally at both ends beyond the respective sheathing means, lling each of said sheathing means with concrete for forming 4at least two spaced column-shaped concrete parts, inserting second reinforcing means into the space in said excavation between said column-shaped concrete parts in an overlapping relationship with said iirst reinforcing means, and iling said space between said concrete parts with concrete to form a further concrete part.
  • each of said first reinforcing means is assembled prior to its insertion in said excavation with one ⁇ of said sheathing means, and is inserted .in said excavation together with said one sheathing means as an assembly.
  • FRANK L. ABBOTT Primary Examiner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
US77405A 1959-12-24 1960-12-21 Method for making a reinforced concrete structure Expired - Lifetime US3197964A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH8229559A CH384483A (de) 1959-12-24 1959-12-24 Verfahren zur Erstellung eines armierten Betonbauwerks und nach diesem Verfahren erstelltes Bauwerk

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CH (1) CH384483A (de)
DE (1) DE1484455A1 (de)
GB (1) GB965240A (de)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345824A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-10-10 Lee A Turzillo Method and means for bracing or bolstering subaqueous structures
US3431736A (en) * 1966-02-12 1969-03-11 Shinhachiro Ueda Method of constructing underground concrete walls
US3457690A (en) * 1967-01-26 1969-07-29 Pierre Le Clercq Method for constructing a building simultaneously below and above ground level
US3492823A (en) * 1967-03-30 1970-02-03 Tech Inc Const Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting
US3760594A (en) * 1969-06-11 1973-09-25 Impresa Costruzioni Opere Spec Building of underground partition walls
US3851478A (en) * 1971-06-09 1974-12-03 British Railways Board Methods of controlling the flow of gases underground
US3938292A (en) * 1970-07-02 1976-02-17 Takenaka Komuten Company, Ltd. Process for reinforced concrete wall forming
US3984989A (en) * 1973-03-26 1976-10-12 Turzillo Lee A Means for producing subaqueous and other cast-in-place concrete structures in situ
US3990200A (en) * 1970-07-02 1976-11-09 Takenaka Komuten Company, Ltd. Apparatus for forming reinforced concrete wall
US4005582A (en) * 1975-08-12 1977-02-01 Icos Corporation Of America Method of constructing underground concrete walls and reinforcement cage therefor
US4011728A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-03-15 Turzillo Lee A Means for producing subaqueous and other cast-in-place concrete structures in situ
FR2413263A1 (fr) * 1977-12-27 1979-07-27 Bendix Corp Vaisseau immerge remorque
US4180350A (en) * 1978-03-30 1979-12-25 Early California Industries, Inc. Method for forming foundation piers
US4268192A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-05-19 Raymond International Builders, Inc. Concrete wall construction
US4465403A (en) * 1980-12-30 1984-08-14 Soletanche Method of constructing poured-concrete wall panels and wall thus obtained
EP0166857A3 (de) * 1984-07-06 1986-08-13 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH Erdschlitze
US4728226A (en) * 1984-04-10 1988-03-01 Finic, B.V. Method and apparatus for forming reinforced concrete walls with continuous steel reinforcement
US4813813A (en) * 1986-07-08 1989-03-21 Minoru Yamamoto Method for constructing a tunnel
US4877358A (en) * 1981-04-09 1989-10-31 Finic, B.V. Method and apparatus of constructing a novel underground impervious barrier
US4999966A (en) * 1988-07-19 1991-03-19 Houston Industries Incorporated Method of forming an-before "immured"
US5050356A (en) * 1988-07-19 1991-09-24 Houston Industries Incorporated Immured foundation
US8959862B1 (en) 2011-01-18 2015-02-24 Kenneth Robert Kreizinger Thixotropic concrete forming system
US9359778B1 (en) 2011-01-18 2016-06-07 Kenneth Robert Kreizinger Thixotropic concrete forming system
US10501908B1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-12-10 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US10753061B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-08-25 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11519152B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2022-12-06 Levee Lock, LLC System and method for installing a membrane-lined buried wall

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US842552A (en) * 1906-06-12 1907-01-29 George W Jackson Art of constructing retaining-walls.
US1474195A (en) * 1920-03-02 1923-11-13 Chicago Title & Trust Co Sheet-piling wall and method of installing same
US1653055A (en) * 1926-01-30 1927-12-20 Macomber Steel Company Skeleton metal element for reenforced-concrete columns
US1747038A (en) * 1926-06-04 1930-02-11 Shore Line Builders Inc Retaining wall
US1829463A (en) * 1930-08-09 1931-10-27 Shore Line Builders Inc Concrete retaining wall
US1885731A (en) * 1923-02-23 1932-11-01 Sialco Inc Plasticizing hydraulic cement
US2048252A (en) * 1933-07-20 1936-07-21 Frankignoul Pieux Armes Preparatory caisson
GB493806A (en) * 1937-09-09 1938-10-14 Abram Rupert Neelands Improvements in or relating to the construction of underground walls in concrete or other similar materials
US2192509A (en) * 1937-04-12 1940-03-05 Herman N Simpson Interlocking pile construction
GB605212A (en) * 1942-08-29 1948-07-19 Frankignoul Pieux Armes Improvements relating to processes and apparatus for producing joint-tight screens of reinforced concrete, and the like in the ground
FR1080764A (fr) * 1952-05-06 1954-12-13 Procédé de fondation en terrains de faible résistance
US2791886A (en) * 1950-05-30 1957-05-14 I C O S Impresa Costruzioni Op Method for the construction of a cut-off wall
US3091938A (en) * 1960-07-27 1963-06-04 Jr Harry Schnabel Method and structure for underpinning

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US842552A (en) * 1906-06-12 1907-01-29 George W Jackson Art of constructing retaining-walls.
US1474195A (en) * 1920-03-02 1923-11-13 Chicago Title & Trust Co Sheet-piling wall and method of installing same
US1885731A (en) * 1923-02-23 1932-11-01 Sialco Inc Plasticizing hydraulic cement
US1653055A (en) * 1926-01-30 1927-12-20 Macomber Steel Company Skeleton metal element for reenforced-concrete columns
US1747038A (en) * 1926-06-04 1930-02-11 Shore Line Builders Inc Retaining wall
US1829463A (en) * 1930-08-09 1931-10-27 Shore Line Builders Inc Concrete retaining wall
US2048252A (en) * 1933-07-20 1936-07-21 Frankignoul Pieux Armes Preparatory caisson
US2192509A (en) * 1937-04-12 1940-03-05 Herman N Simpson Interlocking pile construction
GB493806A (en) * 1937-09-09 1938-10-14 Abram Rupert Neelands Improvements in or relating to the construction of underground walls in concrete or other similar materials
GB605212A (en) * 1942-08-29 1948-07-19 Frankignoul Pieux Armes Improvements relating to processes and apparatus for producing joint-tight screens of reinforced concrete, and the like in the ground
US2791886A (en) * 1950-05-30 1957-05-14 I C O S Impresa Costruzioni Op Method for the construction of a cut-off wall
FR1080764A (fr) * 1952-05-06 1954-12-13 Procédé de fondation en terrains de faible résistance
US3091938A (en) * 1960-07-27 1963-06-04 Jr Harry Schnabel Method and structure for underpinning

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345824A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-10-10 Lee A Turzillo Method and means for bracing or bolstering subaqueous structures
US3431736A (en) * 1966-02-12 1969-03-11 Shinhachiro Ueda Method of constructing underground concrete walls
US3457690A (en) * 1967-01-26 1969-07-29 Pierre Le Clercq Method for constructing a building simultaneously below and above ground level
US3492823A (en) * 1967-03-30 1970-02-03 Tech Inc Const Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting
US3760594A (en) * 1969-06-11 1973-09-25 Impresa Costruzioni Opere Spec Building of underground partition walls
US3938292A (en) * 1970-07-02 1976-02-17 Takenaka Komuten Company, Ltd. Process for reinforced concrete wall forming
US3990200A (en) * 1970-07-02 1976-11-09 Takenaka Komuten Company, Ltd. Apparatus for forming reinforced concrete wall
US3851478A (en) * 1971-06-09 1974-12-03 British Railways Board Methods of controlling the flow of gases underground
US3984989A (en) * 1973-03-26 1976-10-12 Turzillo Lee A Means for producing subaqueous and other cast-in-place concrete structures in situ
US4011728A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-03-15 Turzillo Lee A Means for producing subaqueous and other cast-in-place concrete structures in situ
US4005582A (en) * 1975-08-12 1977-02-01 Icos Corporation Of America Method of constructing underground concrete walls and reinforcement cage therefor
US4075852A (en) * 1975-08-12 1978-02-28 Icos Corporation Of America Steel reinforced underground wall
FR2413263A1 (fr) * 1977-12-27 1979-07-27 Bendix Corp Vaisseau immerge remorque
US4180350A (en) * 1978-03-30 1979-12-25 Early California Industries, Inc. Method for forming foundation piers
US4268192A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-05-19 Raymond International Builders, Inc. Concrete wall construction
US4465403A (en) * 1980-12-30 1984-08-14 Soletanche Method of constructing poured-concrete wall panels and wall thus obtained
US4877358A (en) * 1981-04-09 1989-10-31 Finic, B.V. Method and apparatus of constructing a novel underground impervious barrier
US4728226A (en) * 1984-04-10 1988-03-01 Finic, B.V. Method and apparatus for forming reinforced concrete walls with continuous steel reinforcement
EP0166857A3 (de) * 1984-07-06 1986-08-13 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH Erdschlitze
US4813813A (en) * 1986-07-08 1989-03-21 Minoru Yamamoto Method for constructing a tunnel
US4999966A (en) * 1988-07-19 1991-03-19 Houston Industries Incorporated Method of forming an-before "immured"
US5050356A (en) * 1988-07-19 1991-09-24 Houston Industries Incorporated Immured foundation
US9359778B1 (en) 2011-01-18 2016-06-07 Kenneth Robert Kreizinger Thixotropic concrete forming system
US8959862B1 (en) 2011-01-18 2015-02-24 Kenneth Robert Kreizinger Thixotropic concrete forming system
US10501908B1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-12-10 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US10655296B1 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-05-19 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US10753061B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-08-25 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11001983B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2021-05-11 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11230818B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2022-01-25 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall
US11519152B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2022-12-06 Levee Lock, LLC System and method for installing a membrane-lined buried wall
US11560686B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2023-01-24 Levee Lock, LLC Membrane-lined wall

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DE1484455A1 (de) 1969-07-10
CH384483A (de) 1964-11-15
GB965240A (en) 1964-07-29

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