US3200290A - Ballast device and circuit for gas discharge lamps - Google Patents

Ballast device and circuit for gas discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3200290A
US3200290A US102578A US10257861A US3200290A US 3200290 A US3200290 A US 3200290A US 102578 A US102578 A US 102578A US 10257861 A US10257861 A US 10257861A US 3200290 A US3200290 A US 3200290A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coil
core
main
coils
auxiliary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US102578A
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English (en)
Inventor
Moerkens Jozef Cornelis
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3200290A publication Critical patent/US3200290A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/08—High-leakage transformers or inductances
    • H01F38/10—Ballasts, e.g. for discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/16—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies
    • H05B41/20—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch
    • H05B41/23—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode
    • H05B41/232—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps
    • H05B41/2325—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by DC or by low-frequency AC, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec AC, or with network frequencies having no starting switch for lamps not having an auxiliary starting electrode for low-pressure lamps provided with pre-heating electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/02—High frequency starting operation for fluorescent lamp
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/05—Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ballast device for gas and/or Vapour discharge tubes provided with a choke coil arranged in a container of constant cross-section and having a main and an auxiliary winding.
  • the windings are connected in series with each other, with a capacitor and with two thermionic electrodes of the tube to an alternating current source in a manner such that the tube is shunted by the series combination of the capac'itor and the auxiliary winding.
  • the power per unit of volume of the container is substantially constant.
  • the choke coil becomes ionger and consequently its inductance larger.
  • the inductance should become smaller, however, so as to pass more current. If the windings can no longer be arranged nearer to each other, it has been necessary in the past to increase the cross-section of the container.
  • the object of the present invention is to mitigate this drawback.
  • the load of the cross-section of the container is larger than 804 van/cm? and each of the windings is divided into two series-connected parts in a manner such that a part of each winding is provided on the same part of the core of the choke coil and the other part is provided on separate parts of the core, on both sides of the common part of the core, in that sense th t a.z' b.B 12000 in which:
  • a is the volume of the winding wire divided by the volume of the windings
  • i is the average current density in a./mm.
  • b is the volume of the magnetic material divided by the internal volume of the container enveloping the choke coil decreased by the volume of the windings
  • B is the magnetic flux density in gauss units in the core of the choke coil.
  • a definite volume is occupied by windings neutralizing each other magnetically and, secondly, the volume of inductance-supplying windings consequently is smaller- If the parts of the windings which are provided on the common part of the core are constructed as cylindrical. coils placed one over the other, it is recommended that; the upper coil be the auxiliary winding. This promotes:
  • the yokes of the choke coil preferably consist of lami'-- nations which are at right angles to the planes through] the longitudinal axes of the core and the yoke in question.
  • This construction of the yokes is very simple and cheap but usually results in large eddy-current losses. However, in combination with the construction of the coil acccording to the invention, these losses become rather small.
  • FIGURE 1 is the diagram of the circuit arrangement used
  • FIGURE 2 is the longitudinal
  • FIGURE 3 the cross-sectional View of the choke coil with container.
  • the numerals 1 and 2 indicate the terminal of an alternating current source to which are connected, during operation, the series combination off a dual main winding 3, 4- of a choke coil 5, a thermionic: electrode 6 of a gas and/or vapour discharge tube 7,, for example, a low-pressure mercury vapour discharge: tube with fluorescent wall coating, a dual auxiliary winding 8, 9 of the choke coil, a capacitor 10 and a second thermionic electrode 11 of the tube.
  • a current flows through the thermionic electrodes 6 and 11 which heats the electrodes to emission temperatures and which is substantially determined by the inductance and the capacitance of the electric circuit.
  • impe-dances are matched to each other in a manner such that a voltage is set up at the tube which exceeds the supply voltage and which is large enough to ignite the tube with emitting electrodes, but which is too small to ignite the tube with cold elecrodes. In this case, the no-load current traverses the two windings in opposite sense.
  • the windings of the choke coil operate as stabilizing impedance of the tube, the capacitor insures the improvement of the power factor of the plant and the auxiliary winding additionally prevents the capacitor from discharging directly across the tube. Naturally, a considerable phase shift exists in this condition between the cur-rents through the windings.
  • the choke coil and, if desired, also the capacitor, are housed in a case-shaped container.
  • the total size of the choke coil is substantially proportional to the consumed apparent power (in voltamperes) of the choke coil.
  • the larger this power the larger the choke coil and also the larger the inductance thereof in the normal arrangement of the windings beside each other on the core.
  • a decreasing inductance is required, however, with the power increasing.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 show the strucural construction of an embodiment of the choke coil.
  • the coil elements 3 and 4 of the main winding and the coil elements 8 and 9 of the auxiliary win-ding are provided in a manner such that the coil elements 4 and Sate arranged over each other, and
  • the space between the choke, coil and the container maybe filled with a filling mass, for example, polyester.
  • the voltage of the alternating current source 1, 2 was approximately 240 volts at a frequency'of 50 c./s.
  • a series current of 770 milli'amperes flows through all i the elements and heats the electrodes 6 and 7 to emission temperature with in 1 to 2 seconds causing a voltage of only Volts at the main winding 3, 4, a voltage of 30-volts at the auxiliary winding 8, 9, a voltage of 300 volts at the capacitor 10 and a voltage'o'f 270 volts at the tube 7.
  • the current through the main winding was 490 milliampe'res, through the capacitor 600 millianiperes and through the tube 885 milliamperes.
  • a voltage of 190 volts was set up at each of the total main and auxiliary windings, a voltage of 102 .volts at the tube, and a voltage of 238 volts at the capacitor.
  • the windings 3 and 9 each had 655 turns of copper wire of 0.4 millimeter diameter and the windings 4 and 8 each'1450 turns of copper wire of 0.45 millimeter diameter.
  • the turns were wound on a coil former enveloping the core of 15.5 x 22 millimeters inside cross-section and 0.5 millimeter wall thickness.
  • the height of the windings was 7 millimeters and. the length of the coils 3 and 9 each 35 millimeters and'that of the-coils 4 and 8 each 162 millimeters.
  • the core consisted of 15 iron strips of 1 x 21.5 millimeters diameter, a total of 256 millimeters long, with, a loss figure of 4W/kg. at 10,000 gauss.
  • the air gap 51 was 15 millimeters long.
  • Each of the yokes consisted V
  • the current through the main Winding which is substantially in phase with the supply voltage is, as, a result of the lagging tube current and the leading capacitor current, the smallest of all the currents.
  • the winding Set the auxiliary winding carrying the larger current is pro vided on the winding 4 and not'conversely. 7
  • first and second coils disposed thereon each of occurs which extends transversely through the yoke strips 52, 53, 54 and 55 which might cause eddy current losses. Because, however, the windings 3 and 9 are not provid'ed immediately beside each other, the field strength and losses are small. 'The total losses of the choke coil were approximately 24W which in the present choke coil is a very acceptable value.
  • a ballast device adapted to be disposed with a gas discharge tube and a predetermined source of alternating current signal, said device having a magnetic core of a first predetermined volume, first and second wire wound coil means associated with said core to provide a choke coil having a second predetermined volume, said wire of said first and second windings having a third predetermined volume, and container meansdisposed about said choke coil and said core having a cross-section load greater than 8 volt-amperes persquare centimeter and a fourth predetermined inner volume, said device comprising a pair of first and second serially connected coils, said first coils of said pair being disposed about first and second different portions, respectively, of said core and said secondcoils of said pair being disposed a common portion of said core to provide an cc of said load factor equal to 1/ 12000 of the product of a, i, b and B, in which:
  • said first and second coils of one of said pair comprising said first wire wound coil means, and said first and second coils of the other of said pair comprising said second wire wound coil means.
  • each i of said first and second coils of said pair have a cylindrical cross section, said second coils being concentrically disposed with respect to each other on 'said common portion ofsaid core.
  • a ballast device further comprising yoke means associated withsaid choke coil, said yoke means having a plurality of laminations, each of said laminations being substantially disposed at right angles to'the plane formed by the longitudinal axes of said core and of the respective lamination.
  • a ballast device for agas discharge tube supplied by a source of'alternating current comprising'a capacitive reactance element, a choke coil connected in series therewith comprising a magnetic core of predetermined said coils comprising first and second serially connected coil elements, the first coil elements of each of said first and second coils. occupying a commonportion of said core, and the second coilelement of each of said first and second coils being arranged on non-contiguous portions of said core, and container means of predetermined volume housing said choke coil.
  • a ballast device for a gas discharge tube having a pair of electrodes and supplied by a source of alternating current comprising a capacitor, a choke coil connected iniseries therewith and in series with saidsource of alternating current and said electrodes, said choke coil comprising a magnetic core of predeterminedvolume, first and second inductively coupled coils disposed thereon, said first and second coils being serially connected by means of one of said electrodes, each of said coils comprising first and second serially connected coil elements, the first coil element of'each of said first and second coils occupying a common portion ofsaid core, and the second coil element of each of said first and second coils being arranged on separate portions of said core on either side of'said common portion, and container means of predetermined volume housing said choke coil.
  • a ballast device for a gas discharge tube having first and second electrodes and supplied by a source of alternating current comprising, in series circuit arrangement, a choke coil having a main coil and an auxiliary coil, said main coil being serially connected between one terminal of said alternating current source and said first electrode, a capacitor connected in series With said auxiliary winding, said series combination of capacitor and auxiliary winding being connected across said tube in series with said first and second electrodes, said second electrode being connected to the other terminal of said alternating current source, said choke coil further comprising a magnetic core of predetermined volume on which said main and auxiliary coils are disposed in inductive coupling arrangement, each of said coils comprising first and second serially connected coil elements, the first coil element of each of said main and auxiliary coils occupying a common portion of said core and being closely coupled to counteract one another, and the second coil element of each of said main and auxiliary coils being arranged on separate portions of said core on either side of said common portion, yoke means disposed about said windings and having
  • a ballast device for a gas or vapour discharge tube having first and second thermionic electrodes and supplied by a source of alternating current comprising a container of a given cross-section, inductance means comprising a magnetic core of predetermined volume mounted in said container, said inductance means further comprising first and second windings disposed on said core, each of said winding comprising first and second serially connected coil elements, said first coil element of each of said winidngs being arranged on a common portion of said core to provide close mutual coupling therebetween, said second coil element of each of said windings being arranged on non-contiguous portions of said core, said first coil elements being wound on said core in a sense so as to substantially neutralize one another in the nonignited condition of said tube, a capacitor, and means connecting said capacitor, said first and second windings, said electrodes and said current source in a series circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
US102578A 1960-05-25 1961-04-12 Ballast device and circuit for gas discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime US3200290A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL251986 1960-05-25

Publications (1)

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US3200290A true US3200290A (en) 1965-08-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US102578A Expired - Lifetime US3200290A (en) 1960-05-25 1961-04-12 Ballast device and circuit for gas discharge lamps

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3200290A (de)
CH (1) CH406425A (de)
DE (1) DE1136776C2 (de)
GB (1) GB991918A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242381A (en) * 1963-01-02 1966-03-22 Gen Electric Ballast apparatus for operating fluorescent lamps and electrical coil assemblies therefor
US3350605A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-10-31 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Transformer with two-part core for fluorescent lamp circuits
US3548292A (en) * 1966-12-24 1970-12-15 Dominitwerke Gmbh Single core magnetic voltage regulator
US3684921A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-08-15 Luis F De Leon Illuminating apparatus and ballast circuit

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2420177A1 (de) * 1974-04-26 1975-11-13 Bertos Ag Vorschaltgeraet und dergleichen in der reihenresonanz-doppel-drosselschaltung
FR2771842B1 (fr) * 1997-12-01 2000-01-28 Optelec Transformateur de securite abaisseur de tension a isolement integral
DE202005010234U1 (de) * 2005-06-29 2006-11-09 Vogt Electronic Components Gmbh Schwingdrossel für Lichtanwendungen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB612787A (en) * 1940-04-06 1948-11-17 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to devices comprising an electric gas discharge tube
US2712617A (en) * 1952-04-05 1955-07-05 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Lighting installation comprising a light source with adjustable light-intensity

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1080699B (de) * 1940-04-06 1960-04-28 Philips Patentverwaltung Vorrichtung mit einer elektrischen Gasentladungsroehre

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB612787A (en) * 1940-04-06 1948-11-17 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to devices comprising an electric gas discharge tube
US2712617A (en) * 1952-04-05 1955-07-05 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Lighting installation comprising a light source with adjustable light-intensity

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3242381A (en) * 1963-01-02 1966-03-22 Gen Electric Ballast apparatus for operating fluorescent lamps and electrical coil assemblies therefor
US3350605A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-10-31 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Transformer with two-part core for fluorescent lamp circuits
US3548292A (en) * 1966-12-24 1970-12-15 Dominitwerke Gmbh Single core magnetic voltage regulator
US3684921A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-08-15 Luis F De Leon Illuminating apparatus and ballast circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH406425A (de) 1966-01-31
GB991918A (en) 1965-05-12
DE1136776B (de) 1962-09-20
DE1136776C2 (de) 1963-04-04

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