US3207202A - Burner for furnaces - Google Patents

Burner for furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3207202A
US3207202A US306772A US30677263A US3207202A US 3207202 A US3207202 A US 3207202A US 306772 A US306772 A US 306772A US 30677263 A US30677263 A US 30677263A US 3207202 A US3207202 A US 3207202A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
burner
burner tube
tube
fuel
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US306772A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lingl Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Keramatik GmbH
Original Assignee
Keramatik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Keramatik GmbH filed Critical Keramatik GmbH
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Publication of US3207202A publication Critical patent/US3207202A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/02—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel
    • F23C2700/023—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel without pre-vaporising means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/02—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel
    • F23C2700/026—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel with pre-vaporising means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a furnace for use in kilns, preferably of the ceramic industry, and it relates more particularly to an oil burner for such furnace.
  • the invention is also useful in furnaces with burners which employ gaseous fuels.
  • gaseous fuel is to include combustible gases as well as other types of fuel, as for example, pulverized coal.
  • the fuel oil is vaporized or atomized and a combustible mixt-ure is then formed in the combustion space or chamber of the kiln by means of an air stream.
  • a combustible mixt-ure is then formed in the combustion space or chamber of the kiln by means of an air stream.
  • Several systems are known for producing such combustible mixture. For example, pressureless feeding of the -fuel oil to the combustion space or chamber, allowing the oil to drip into the kiln, has been employed. Combustion then takes place on a pan disposed within the combustion space or chamber which, therefore, is heated to a 4high temperature.
  • the disadvantage of this system lies in the fact that the fuel oil is inadequately distributed so that it can burn only supercially and incompletely. As a result, an excessive amount of fuel is required, with heavy soot formation and local overheating in the combustion chamber taking place.
  • the lfuel oil is injected through nozzles into the combustion space or chamber at a greater or lesser pressure.
  • the injection nozzle is, as a rule, surrounded by a concentric nozzle through which the air of combustion is supplied.
  • the oil is mixed with the air of combustion outside of the burner during the combustion process, in the combustion space or chamber itself.
  • the nature of the combustion process varies along the length of the flame, because a sufliciently homogeneous gas-air mixture cannot be produced in the combustion space or chamber.
  • the flame of such a burner is also characterized by considerable differences in temperature.
  • the present invention has as its object to provide a burner and hence, a furnace for kilns of the ceramic industry in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided.
  • a burner for use with furnaces of the ceramic industry employing a liquid or gaseous fuel, which in other words is fluid, said burner consisting of a burner tube serving to supply both the fuel and the air of combustion.
  • said burner tube is introduced into the combustion space or chamber to a depth where its open end is heated by the radiation of the incandescent combustion space or chamber. yFurthermore, at least the heated end of said burner tube forms a chamber for thoroughly mixing the fuel and the air of combustion.
  • the burner tube of the burner is disposed sulficiently close to the combustion space or cham-ber of the furnace to ensure enough heating of the end of the burner tube in which the mixing of the fuel and the air of combustion takes place. Only then is the intimate fuel rnixture forced into the combustion space or chamber. Thus, a uniform ame of constant temperature and a homogeneous composition of the fuel mixture is obtained. The disadvantages inherent in the known types of burners are thereby avoided.
  • the burner tube be provided at its end facing the combustion space or chamber with an outlet nozzle through which the fuel-air mixture enters the combustion space or chamber.
  • the straight burner tube which projects into the combustion space or chamber, is provided with a removable cover at its end opposite the outlet nozzle. This has the advantage that the burner tube is relatively easy to clean from the outside.
  • the points of entry of said lines must be located before the heated zone of the combustion space or chamber.
  • the burner tube is conveniently surrounded by a coaxial re tube mounted permanently in the wall of the combustion space or chamber. It is advisable to make at least the burner tube end facing the combustion space or chamber of heat-resistant material, especially steel or ceramic material.
  • a fuel supply line according to a further development of the invention is provided, said fuel supply line entering the burner tube section between the outlet nozzle and the combustion air supply.
  • means are provided at this point to effect even distribution of the liquid fuel over all of the inner surface of the burner tube.
  • Said means may consist, for example, of a distributor ring incorporated in the burner tube at the point of entry of the liquid fuel.
  • the fuel supply line may also envelop the burner tube in the form of a coil with the end of said coil entering the burner tube before the outlet nozzle, so that uniform mixing of air of combustion and vaporized oil is again ensured.
  • the burner tube whether operated with liquid or gaseous fuels, is mounted in a cover plate so as to be .axially movable. In this manner, adjustment of the burner relative to the combustion space or chamber and hence adjustment of the temperature of the heated burner tube section, is possible.
  • burners according to the invention enables a larger number of burners to be used, as they are relatively low priced and absolutely dependable in operation.
  • Said burners may be conveniently incorporated in the celing of the combustion space or chamber so that the combustion gases ⁇ are blow vertically from the ceiling to the floor and thorough circulation of the firing gases in the combustion space or chamber is accomplished.
  • uniform heating of a large firing zone is obtained, a condition essential in mass production in -a ceramic industry.
  • FIGS. 1, 3, and 7 are longitudinal sectional views of burners incorporated in the ceiling of a combustion space or chamber, FIGS. l, 3 and 5 showing burners operated with liquid fuel such as oil, and FIG. 7 showing a burner operated with gaseous fuels;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-B of the burner tube shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-D of the burner tube shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another modification of a burner tube in accordance with the invention.
  • a fire tube 2 through which the burner tube 4 extends, is incorporated in the kiln ceiling 1, only part of which is shown.
  • the air supply pipe 5 enters the upper section 3 of the burner tube 4.
  • the upper end of the burner tube 4 is provided with an end cap permitting easy cleaning of the burner.
  • the fuel oil is supplied through a line 6 incorporating a control cock 7.
  • the fuel line 6 enters the burner tube 4 shortly before the heated Zone thereof.
  • an oil distributor ring 8 is provided so that the oil supplied flows along the inner surface of section 13 of the burner tube 4 in an evenly distributed condition.
  • the burner tube 4 itself is carried in a cover plate 11 fitted in a mounting flange 12 and is adapted to be moved in the direction of its axis so that it projects just sufficiently into the fire tube 2 for the lower section 13 of the burner y tube to be heated sufficiently.
  • the oil heated up in this 4- manner as it flows along the tube inner wall, is vaporized and simultaneously mixed with the air of combustion supplied through the pipe 5.
  • the intimately mixed product is then blown into the combustion space or chamber through the nozzle 9.
  • the fuel oil is fed in a different manner, but aside from this the construction corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • the fuel oil is fed through a supply coil 14 enveloping the lower section 13 of the burner tube 4 with the end 21 of coil 14 entering section 13 near the lower end of the burner tube 4.
  • oil which has already been vaporized in coil 14 enters the space 13 and, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. l, is intimately mixed in said lower section with the air of combustion supplied.
  • fuel oil is supplied through a supply pipe 16 extending through the burner tube end cap 1). Said supply pipe ends approximately in the central section of the burner tube.
  • a rod 1S Provided adjacent to, and axially of, the supply pipe outlet opening is a rod 1S, along whose outer surface the oil exuding from the pipe 16 can flow thereby vaporizing in the burner tube lower section.
  • the air supply is controlled in the same manner as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, so that in like manner, the oil vapor is well mixed with the air of combustion in the burner tube lower section.
  • the burners of the type described above are operated by inserting the burner tube into the heated combustion space or chamber through the fire tube 2 sufficiently for the burner tube lower end to be heated to the most favorable operating temperature.
  • the oil supply is next opened and the amount of oil supplied adjusted to the Value required for obtaining a favorable mixture for combustion.
  • the air supply is opened.
  • the air is supplied at a gauge pressure of approximately 4" to 20 of water (H2O) in order to obtain a blowoff rate ensuring dependable circulation of the emerging combustion gases from the kiln ceiling to the bottom of the combustion space or chamber. In this manner, uniform combustion throughout the cross-sectional area is obtained.
  • the burner system described can be employed also in conjunction with horizontal injection into the cornbustion space or chamber.
  • the nozzle By arranging the nozzle in suitable manner, the fuel and air may be blown off horizontally or at any desired other angle.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a burner system which is to be used with gaseous fuels.
  • a feed pipe 17 is provided, said feed pipe being introduced into said burner tube through the end cover 10 thereof.
  • the feed pipe 17 contains a valve 18.
  • combustion air is introduced through a pipe 2t) with a valve 19.
  • a burner for a furnace having heat-insulating walls of substantial thickness defining a combustion chamber comprising a fire tube disposed through a wall of said combustion chamber, a burner tube which is closed at one end and has a restricted nozzle at its outlet end for feeding both fuel and air of combustion simultaneously to said combustion chamber, said burner tube being mounted Within said fire tube in circumferentially spaced relation therewith, the outlet end of said burner tube terminating within said fire tube adjacent the inner surface of said furnace wall such that the outlet-end section of said burner tube is heated by radiation from the fired combustion chamber, whereby said outlet-end section of said burner tube forms a heated mixing chamber for the intimate mixing of the fuel and air prior to being forced through said nozzle into said combustion chamber, fuel supply means connected to said burner tube and terminating therein upstream of said nozzle, an air duct connected to said burner tube for furnishing air thereto under pressure, and means including a support member adjacent the outer end of the fire tube for adjustably mounting said burner tube for movement axially within said fire tube in order to regulate the temperature of the com
  • said fuel supply means includes a supply line for a gaseous fuel extending into said burner tube through its end opposite said combustion chamber, said fuel supply line being of sucient length for its outlet opening to be located intermediate said air supply duct and the combustion chamber end of said burner tube.
  • said fuel supply means includes a fuel supply line disposed around said burner tube in the form of a coil, with the end of said coil entering said burner tube intermediate its ends.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US306772A 1962-12-17 1963-09-05 Burner for furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3207202A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL43711A DE1255237B (de) 1962-12-17 1962-12-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Heizen deckenbefeuerter keramischer OEfen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3207202A true US3207202A (en) 1965-09-21

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ID=7270390

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US306772A Expired - Lifetime US3207202A (en) 1962-12-17 1963-09-05 Burner for furnaces

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3207202A (de)
CH (1) CH423063A (de)
DE (1) DE1255237B (de)
GB (1) GB1055891A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0066875A3 (en) * 1981-06-09 1984-08-22 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method and device for the formation of an inflammable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air
US20040052691A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Sekundarrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum Schwarze Pumpe Gmbh Method and apparatus for injecting gasification medium into particle-loaded gasification spaces

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US540650A (en) * 1895-06-11 Apparatus for burning oil
US633761A (en) * 1899-01-17 1899-09-26 Oil Fuel Saving Company Oil-burner.
US891349A (en) * 1906-09-18 1908-06-23 Loder Smelter And Refiner Company Smelting-furnace.
US1305689A (en) * 1919-06-03 Liquid-fuel-gasifying apparatus
US1403573A (en) * 1920-01-30 1922-01-17 Schroff William Henry Oil burner
US1775367A (en) * 1921-12-13 1930-09-09 Thomas T Mcentee Open-hearth furnace
US1844315A (en) * 1929-03-22 1932-02-09 Forney Comb Engineering Compan Oil and gas burner mounting
US2284037A (en) * 1938-12-12 1942-05-26 Braida Rafael Burner for liquid fuels
US2669297A (en) * 1949-09-10 1954-02-16 Silent Glow Oil Burner Corp Combustion method and apparatus

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE28015C (de) * E. KREMER in Kaisers- ' läutern Triebwerk für Zimmerspringbrunnen ! und Wasserdurchluftung
DE448751C (de) * 1924-06-03 1927-08-27 Edwin C Wills Zerstaeuberbrenner
US1543997A (en) * 1924-11-12 1925-06-30 Gidino Giuseppe Burning of liquid fuel in boiler and other furnaces or heating apparatus
DE546607C (de) * 1928-04-19 1932-03-16 Alexander Magowan Zerstaeuberbrenner fuer fluessige Brennstoffe mit gleichachsig im Brennerrohr angeordneten an beiden Enden offenen Rohren
CH277818A (de) * 1949-12-13 1951-09-15 Kaesermann Franz Zerstäubungsbrenner, insbesondere für Ölfeuerungen.
FR1043379A (fr) * 1951-09-29 1953-11-09 Brûleur
AT193055B (de) * 1954-11-12 1957-11-25 Oesterreichische Koerting A G Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung langgestreckter Flammen bei Ölfeuerungen
US2975499A (en) * 1955-03-14 1961-03-21 Grover W Lapp Ceramic tunnel kiln
DE1830752U (de) * 1957-12-13 1961-05-04 Aton G M B H Fuer Planung Und Impulsbrenner zur beheizung von tunneloefen.
DE1178767B (de) * 1962-05-07 1964-09-24 Alois Steimer Verfahren zur Beheizung von Brennoefen der Grobkeramik und Brennofen mit Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung dieses Verfahrens

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US540650A (en) * 1895-06-11 Apparatus for burning oil
US1305689A (en) * 1919-06-03 Liquid-fuel-gasifying apparatus
US633761A (en) * 1899-01-17 1899-09-26 Oil Fuel Saving Company Oil-burner.
US891349A (en) * 1906-09-18 1908-06-23 Loder Smelter And Refiner Company Smelting-furnace.
US1403573A (en) * 1920-01-30 1922-01-17 Schroff William Henry Oil burner
US1775367A (en) * 1921-12-13 1930-09-09 Thomas T Mcentee Open-hearth furnace
US1844315A (en) * 1929-03-22 1932-02-09 Forney Comb Engineering Compan Oil and gas burner mounting
US2284037A (en) * 1938-12-12 1942-05-26 Braida Rafael Burner for liquid fuels
US2669297A (en) * 1949-09-10 1954-02-16 Silent Glow Oil Burner Corp Combustion method and apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0066875A3 (en) * 1981-06-09 1984-08-22 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method and device for the formation of an inflammable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air
US4486362A (en) * 1981-06-09 1984-12-04 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Process and arrangement for the formation of an ignitable mixture from liquid fuel and combustion air
US20040052691A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Sekundarrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum Schwarze Pumpe Gmbh Method and apparatus for injecting gasification medium into particle-loaded gasification spaces
US7021223B2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2006-04-04 Sekundarrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum Schwarzw Pumpe GmbH Method and apparatus for injecting gasification medium into particle-loaded gasification spaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1255237B (de) 1967-11-30
CH423063A (de) 1966-10-31
GB1055891A (en) 1967-01-18

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