US3207354A - Double-walled container - Google Patents

Double-walled container Download PDF

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Publication number
US3207354A
US3207354A US181833A US18183362A US3207354A US 3207354 A US3207354 A US 3207354A US 181833 A US181833 A US 181833A US 18183362 A US18183362 A US 18183362A US 3207354 A US3207354 A US 3207354A
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Prior art keywords
inner vessel
container
neck tube
outer casing
insulation
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US181833A
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Ransom P Skinner
Richard M Poorman
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a double-Walled container for holding liquefied gases for extended periods, and more particularly to portable containers for storing small quantities of low-boiling liquefied gases such as liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen.
  • Low boiling liqueiied gases having boiling points below about 233 K. are widely used in industrial laboratories and other locations primarily as low temperature refrigerants. These liquefied gases are conveniently handled in quantities of less than about 50 liters since liquid containers of this capacity can be easily moved.
  • Low boiling liquefied gas containers are usually constructed with double walls, the space between the inner and outer walls being provided to insulate the liquid in the inner vessel from the atmospheric heat. This is necessary because such liquefied gases are stored at very low temperatures, eg., 183 C. for liquid oxygen, and without high quality insulation the liquid would vaporize very quickly.
  • a still further disadvantage of the heretofore proposed containers was the relatively small outlet for discharging the liquid contents.
  • the pouring spout for the aforementioned 25 liter container was only about Ss inch in diameter so as to reduce heat leak into the container during storage periods.
  • this small outlet usually resulted in an uneven discharge of liquid when the container Was inverted for pouring.
  • small samples could not be readily placed inside the container for cooling nor could small quantities of liquid be removed by a dipper.
  • a principal object of the invention is to provide an improved liquefied gas storage container having the characteristics of light weight, minimum heat leak, compactness, durability, and a relatively large outlet without correspondingly increasing the heat inleak from the atmosphere.
  • FIGURE 1 is a view, mainly in vertical cross-section, of an exemplary double-walled elongated spheroidal container construction embodying the principles of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a view on an enlarged scale of a lon- 3,207,354 Patented Sept. 21, 1965 ICC gitudinal section of the bottom lateral support tube assembly employed in the container of FIGURE l;
  • FIGURE 3 is a view on an enlarged scale of a longitudinal section of an alternative bottom lateral support tube assembly which may be employed in the container of FIGURE l;
  • FIGURE 4 is a view on an enlarged scale of a longitudinal section of the liquefied gas inlet-outlet neck tube assembly employed in the container of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 5 is a view of a longitudinal cross-section of an exemplary double-walled cylindrical container em bodying another form of the invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a view of a horizontal cross-section taken along the line 6 6 of FIGURE 5.
  • a portable container for storing liquefied gas having a boiling point below 233 K. which includes an inner vessel for holding a liquefied gas body and an outer casing enclosing and separating the inner vessel from the atmosphere, the inner vessel and outer casing preferably being formed from aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the inner vessel may be constructed of other materials such as stainless steel, if so desired, but this will increase total container weight somewhat.
  • a space under a vacuum pressure is provided between the inner vessel and the outer casing which contains an opacified insulating material and a gas adsorbent material communicating with the opacified insulation to maintain the space under a vacuum.
  • the inner vessel is supported primarily by a single hollow elongated neck tube having a first open end communicating with the liquefied gas body through a relatively large access opening in the inner vessel.
  • This neck tube bears substantially the entire vertical load of such vessel.
  • the opposite or second end of the neck tube is open and communicates with the atmosphere for filling and emptying of the inner vessel.
  • Lateral support of the lower portion of the inner Vessel is obtained by a low thermal conductivity centering element fixedly mounted against the inside wall of the outer casing and positioned to slidably and telescopically engage the lower portion of the inner vessel outer wall.
  • a low conductive plug is preferably receivable in and substantially fills the second open end of the hollow neck tube so as to facilitate upward fiow of liquefied gas vapors in sustained contact with the neck tube surface thereby absorbing downwardly conducting heat. In this manner the sensible refrigeration of the vapor may be recovered and the net heat conducting characteristic of the neck tube reduced.
  • vacuum as used hereinafter is intended to apply to sub-atmospheric pressure conditions not substantially greater than 5,000 microns of mercury, and preferably below 500 microns of mercury absolute.
  • opacified insulation refers to a two-component insulating system comprising a low heat conductive, radiation-permeable material and a radiant heat impervious material which is capable of reducing the passage of infrared radiation rays Without significantly increasing the thermal conductivity of the insulating system.
  • radiant heat barrier refers to radiation opaque or radiant heat energy impervious materials which reduce the penetration of infrared heat rays through the insulating system either by radiant heat reflection, radiant heat absorption or both.
  • Iopacified insulation includes a mixture of finely divided low-conductive particles which substantially impede heat inleak by conduction and yield to heat passage by radiation, and finely divided radiant heat impervious bodies having a relatively high thermal conductivity.
  • the low conductive particles may be selected from the group consisting of silica, perlite, alumina, magnesi-a, and carbon black, and the radiant heat impervious bodies are preferably either aluminum or copper, although copper paint pigments, alumina paint pigments, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, titanium give satisfactory results.
  • these bodies usually in the form of flakes or powder, preferably constitute between 1% and 80% of the total weight of the insulation.
  • the opacified insulation may also take the form of the combination of a low heat conductive material and a multiplicity of spaced radiation-impervious barriers.
  • the low heat conductive material may be the previously listed powderous materials -or alternatively a fiber insulation which may be produced in sheet form. Examples of the latter include a filamentary glass material such as glass wool and fiber glass, preferably having fiber diameters of less than about 50 microns. Also such fibrous materials preferably have a fiber orientation substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat flow across the insulation space.
  • the spaced radiation-impervious barriers may comprise either a metal, metal oxide, or metal coated material, such as aluminum coated plastic film, or other radiation reflective or radiation adsorptive material or a suitable combination thereof.
  • Radiation refiective materials comprising thin metal foils are particularly suited in the practice of the present invention, for example, reflective sheets of aluminum foil having a thickness between about 0.2 millimeter and 0.002 millimeter.
  • Other radiation reflective materials which are susceptible of use in the pr-actice of the invention are tin, silver, gold, copper, cadmium, or other metals.
  • fiber sheets When fiber sheets are used as the low-conductive material, they may additionally serve as a support means for relatively fragile radiation impervious sheets.
  • an aluminum foil-fiber sheet insulation may be spirally wrapped around the inner liquefied gas holdings vessel with one end of the insulation wrapping in contact with the inner vessel, and the other end nearest the outer shell, or in actual contact therewith.
  • opacied insulation could not be economically used in portable liquefied gas containers because of the relatively heavy nature of such insulation.
  • a 50%-50% by weight mixture of silica powder with finely divided copper flakes has a bulk density of about 12 lbs. per cubic ft.
  • opacified insulation in combination with lightweight aluminum or aluminum alloy construction provides an improved liquefied gas portable container which is substantially lighter than heretofore used containers having the same storage volume and the same insulating efficiency.
  • the thermal insulating effectiveness of opacified in- Isulation versus straight vacuum plus polished .surfaces can be compared by using the example of two l-square foot metal plates spaced 'Va inch apart. When straight vacuum insulation was used, the inside surfaces of the plates were polished to an emissivity -of 0.04. The outer plate was at room temperature (70 F.) and the inner plate was at liquid oxygen temperature (-297 F). Under 50 microns pressure between the plates, an opacified insulation in this space consisting of 50%-50% by weight mixture of silica powder and finely divided copper metal flakes had a heat transmission of about 1.85 B.t.u./hr.
  • adsorbent either in powder or pellet form, is used in the insulation space to remove by adsorption the gas entering through the porous aluminum-containing joints. This is an extremely important feature since no provision is made in the relatively small port-able container of the present invention for re-evacuation of the insulating jacket.
  • suitable adsorbents such as natural and synthetic zeolites, silica gel and activated charcoal, generally rises with increased pressure.
  • these adsorbents are more effective for removal of insulation jacket air leakage when opacified insulation is used than when straight vacuum is employed because of the higher vacuum space pressure involved. Furthermore, these adsorbents generally have higher adsorptive capacities at relatively lower temperatures. Consequently they are preferably mounted adjacent to the cold outer side of the inner vessel wall. Alternatively, the adsorbent may be randomly mixed in the opacified insulation.
  • crystalline zeolitic molecular sieves having pores of at least about 5 Angstrom units in size, as disclosed in copending U.S. Serial No. 557,477, filed January 5, 1956, now Patent No. 2,900,800, granted August 25, 1959, in the name of P. E.
  • zeolites may be either natural or synthetic. This novel combination of aluminum construction, opacied insulation and adsorbent thus facilitates construction of a liquefied gas portable container which is lighter in weight and has a longer effective life than the previously proposed container.
  • the present container is smaller in overall size than prior containers since it eliminates the outer protective shell around the double-walled liquid container.
  • This protective shell was required on prior art portable liquefied gas containers to provide a means of supporting the vacuum insulated vessel as well as cushioning it from handling shocks.
  • the above described combination resulted in an elongated spherical container 221/2 inches high and 151/2 inches in diameter for a liquid capacity of 25 liters, as contrasted with a commonly used prior art container of similar capacity being 273/4 inches high and 16% inches in diameter.
  • the prior art has used smaller size containers such as the l5-liter capacity type more frequently than the 25-liter size since the former were lighter and easier to handle. This resulted in shorter a1- lowable storage periods of the liquefied gases due to increased percentage loss rate of stored liquid due to heat leak in the smaller size vessels.
  • the various container embodiments of the present invention provide a remarkable and unexpected advantage in that the reduced weight and size enable the employment of a 25-liter container with its increased storage life more conveniently than a prior art l5-liter container.
  • Another important advantage of the present invention is that a substantially larger access opening is provided than that used in similarly sized prior art containers.
  • one commonly employed 2,5-liter liquefied gas container has an access opening of about inch diameter.
  • the access opening for a 25- liter container constructed according to the present invention is preferably about 11/2 inches diameter.
  • One skilled in the art would normally conclude that large access openings could not be employed without decreasing the insulating effectiveness of the entire container, since the heat leak will increase because a significant portion of an otherwise well insulated area i-s replaced by an uninsulated opening.
  • the present invention overcomes these potential disadvantages by employing a low heat conductive plug receivable in and substantially filling the second open end of the hollow neck tube.
  • the plug In addition to being a heat insulator, the plug causes liquefied gas vapor, which is generated due to unavoidable heat leak, to flow upwardly close to and in contact with the walls of the neck tube. The vapor thereby absorbs any heat which would otherwise be conducted down the neck tube, and in doing so is warmed to essentially atmospheric temperature. In this manner the sensible refrigeration in the vapor or the liquefied gas which would otherwise 'he lost is recovered and the net heat conducting characteristic of the neck tube iseifectively reduced. This permits the use of a relative-ly large diameter access opening and hollow neck tube without incurring serious losses from heat inleak, and thus results in minimum storage loss of liquefied gases as well as improved container handling characteristics.
  • the portable liquetied ga-s container includes a liquid holding inner Vessel 11 which is preferably substantially spherical in form since the spherical shape provides the largest 'storage volume for a'given weight of metal. For a given volume, a spherical shape also provides a minimum surface area for heat inleak.
  • the inner vessel 11 is cornpletely surrounded and separated from the atmosphere by outer casing 12, both containers being preferably fabricated from aluminum or aluminum alloy in order-to take advantage of its lightweight characteristic.
  • the low density of aluminum especially allows a relatively thick outer shell to be used which has more resistance to handling abuse than would a relatively thin shell of equivalent weight fabricated from denser material.
  • Space 13 under a vacuum separates the outer wall of the inner vessel 11 from the inner wall of the outer casing 12, and is filled with the previously described opacied insulation 14 which may be a mixture of finely divided low conductive particles and radiant heat impervious ybodies having a relatively high thermal conductivity.
  • opacied insulation 14 which may be a mixture of finely divided low conductive particles and radiant heat impervious ybodies having a relatively high thermal conductivity.
  • opacied insulation 14 which may be a mixture of finely divided low conductive particles and radiant heat impervious ybodies having a relatively high thermal conductivity.
  • opacied insulation 14 which may be a mixture of finely divided low conductive particles and radiant heat impervious ybodies having a relatively high thermal conductivity.
  • the powder type opacified insulations are particularly suitable for use with substantially spherical containers because such insulation may be easily poured in the space 13 between the inner vessel 11 and outer casing 12.
  • the previously described opaciied insulation comprising low heat conductive material and a multiplicity of spaced radiation-impervious barriers could alternatively be used with this container if desired.
  • Blister or chamber 15 secured to and in heat exchange relation with th bottom section of inner vessel 11 holds a gas-adsorbing material 16 such as the previously described synthetic :or natural zeolite to remove gas and vapors from the insulating jacket 14.
  • Adsorbent material 16 communicates with the opacified insulating jacket 14 through passages 17 in the walls of chamber 15, the adsorbent particles being retained in chamber 16 by glass cloth sheets 18 extending across the passages and held against the chamber walls by plates 19. It is to be understood that glass cloth sheets 18 do not interfere with vapor and gas communication between the opacified insulating jacket 14 and adsorbent material 15 although they serve to retain the latter.
  • the inner vessel 11 is supported and stabilized against all relative movement (both vertical and lateral) by lower support member 20 and upper elongated neck tube support member 21.
  • the conventional practice would be to use a metal as the construction material for lower support member 20, but certain organic plastics have been found preferable because of their more favorable strength-toheat conductivity ratio.
  • Materials useful for lower support member 20 should have the properties of relatively high compression and shear strengths, low thermal conductivity, and retention of such properties at temperatures from about 191 C. to 127 C.
  • compositions having these properties include laminated phenolic plastics (e.g., phenol formaldehyde), melamine resins (e.g., melamine formaldehyde), and triuorochloroethylene, all of these materials being preferably reinforced with glass fiber or other suitable high-strength ller material.
  • laminated phenolic plastics e.g., phenol formaldehyde
  • melamine resins e.g., melamine formaldehyde
  • triuorochloroethylene triuorochloroethylene
  • lower support member 20 is xedly mounted against the inside wall of outer casing 12, for example by tack weld 24 to retaining ring 25 surrounding the lower end of such member. In this manner, lower support member 20 is positioned to slidably and telescopically engage the lower portion of the inner vessel outer Wall.
  • the opposite ends of lower support member 20 are preferably positioned in inner wall depression 22 of the outer casing bottom section and depression 23 in the outer wall of adsorbent chamber 15, see FIG. 2.
  • the upper end of lower support member 20 may be positioned in depression 11a in the bottom portion of the inner vessel outer wall 11, see FIG. 3.
  • Another advantage of the depressions is reduction of the longitudinal heat transfer through the lower support member 20. Heat is transferred from the atmosphere to the inner vessel 11 by means of member 20, and this transfer :may be substantially reduced by increasing the length of the heat transfer path, which results from the use of depressions sinee the member 20 of necessity must be longer in this instance. Also, use of the depressions provides a more stable and easily assembled support system. Other means could be used to prevent the relative sliding movement, such as projections extending from either wall into the opacied insulating jacket 14 in contact with the support member 20.
  • Holes 26 through the walls and around the periphery of lower support member 20 reduce the longitudinal heat transmission therethrough and also allow the opacitied insulation to till the support member interior thereby reducing heat leak.
  • Upper support member 21 which bears substantially the entire vertical load of the inner vessel 11 is an elongated hollow neck tube having a first open end 26a communieating with the liquefied gas body through relatively large access opening 27 in the top of inner vessel 11.
  • the other or second open end 28 of member 21 communicates with the atmosphere for filling and emptying of the inner vessel therethrough.
  • the inner vessel walls terminating in access opening 27 are outwardly fiared to receive first open end 26a of support member 21, the latter two elements being joined for example by brazing.
  • Lateral ridge 29 around the periphery of upper support member 21 serves to align such member in the iiared access opening 27.
  • support member 21 is enclosed by concentrically aligned cone section 30 of outer casing 12, the top part of which is necked in and crimped to receive and retain the upper end of member 21.
  • the latter is preferably constructed of relatively low thermal conductivity material such as stainless steel in order to minimize longitudinal heat transfer by conduction to the inner vessel 11.
  • the upper ends of neck tube 21 and cone 30 may also be joined for example by brazing.
  • a low heat conductive plug 31, see FIG. 4, may preferably be used which lits loosely in and substantially fills the second open end 28 of neck tube 21.
  • Such plug extends a substantial portion of the length of upper support member or neck tube 21, and for example may comprise a cylindrical body filled with any suitable powder insulating material.
  • the entire plug may be fabricated from a reasonably rigid insulation such as foamed plastic, foamed glass and cork coated with a vapor impermeable layer.
  • access opening 27 and the inner diameter of such tube 21 are relatively large as compared to similarly sized prior art containers, but low conductive plug 31 permits recovery of the sensible refrigeration from the liquefied gas vapors and effectively reduces the net heat conducting characteristic of the neck tube 21.
  • a cap may be placed over opening 28 in upper neck tube 21 to reduce heat leak. Such cap would have a small opening therein to allow escape of vapors formed in the inner vessel 11.
  • Suitable handles 32 are secured to the upper part of outer casing 12 for moving the container, which is preferably supported by ring-type base 33, the walls 33a of which are upwardly and inwardly inclined.
  • the top rim 33b of base 33 is inwardly flared and serves as a seat on which the container casing bears downwardly and to which the casing is secured.
  • the lower end of base walls 33a are bent outwardly as at 33C for providing additional strength and for distributing the load.
  • the base 33 has a spring-like action which enables it to absorb impact loads elastically. It is adapted to provide a predetermined amount of resiliency so that it will deform elastically under moderate impact and thereby reduce the rate of deceleration of the entire container.
  • a relatively soft, elastic base might prevent visual deformation of the container casing when it is subjected to a severe impact while internal parts may receive damage and go unnoticed.
  • the elastic characteristics of the base are therefore limited to a shock load which is insufficient to permanently deform the inner parts of the container, as described more fully in the previously referenced copending U.S. Serial No. 635,826. This permits the container to be subjected to vertical impact loads causing elastic but not permanent deformation of the neck tube 21. Loads in excess of this limit will cause permanent deformation to the base, and the attendant permanent absorption of considerable energy during the deformation will avoid or minimize internal damage.
  • Vacuum tube connection 34 extends through the outer casing wall 12 for communication with space 13 to facilitate initial evacuation thereof. Insulation retainer screen 35 prevents drawing of insulation through vacuum tube 34, and tube 34 is sealed on completion of such evacuation.
  • the container of the present invention in an elongated spheroidal shape as illustrated in FIG. 1, it may be fabricated in any other desired form, for example, the cylindrical shape of FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • an insulating system comprising alternate layers of low conductive fiber sheets and radiation impervious sheets such as aluminum foil may be preferred
  • the vessel to be insulated is in a cylindrical form. This is because such insulation is easily wrapped or wound around the vessel. As illustrated in FIGS.
  • the opaciiied insulation comprising low-conductive layers preferably formed of fiber glass having fiber diameters of less than about 50 microns and radiation imprevious layers 141 preferably formed of aluminum foil sheets having a thickness between about 0.2 millimeter and 0.002 millimeter may be spirally wrapped around the inner vessel with one end of the insulation wrapping in contact with the inner vessel 111 and the other end nearest the outer casing 112.
  • the layers may be mounted concentrically with respect to the inner vessel 111.
  • the fibers 0f layer 140 are preferably oriented substantially parallel to radiation impervious layers 141 and substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat flow across the insulation space. The tightness and number of wrapping turns may be varied to suit the insulating requirements of the particular container.
  • Tightening of the insulation wrapping causes the low conductive and resilient fibrous material to be compressed into a smaller space. This action decreases the percentage voids in the fibrous material, and increases the cross-sectional area of the effective path of solid conduction. However, the voids are reduced in size, which results in the insulation being less sensitive to pressure changes in the Vacuum space.
  • wrapping the insulation too loosely decreases the number of turns of radiation shielding in the insulation space, and increases heat leak by radiation. Optimum results are obtained somewhere between these extremes when the sum of the heat leaks due to radiation and conduction is a minimum.
  • a further advantageous feature of the wrapped insulation embodiment is that when it completely fills the insulation space wall to wall, the insulation also provides a good degree of support for the inner vessel, particularly against lateral accelerations.
  • the preferred form of the present invention combines a number of elements including aluminum or aluminum alloy construction, an opaciiied insulating jacket, a gas adsorbent, upper vertical support and lower lateral support members, a relatively large access opening, and a low heat conductive plug for the opening in a manner so as to provide an improved portable container for low-boiling-liqueiied gases having the characteristics of lighter weight, lower heat inleak and greater compactness and durability.
  • a lightweight portable container for storing with relatively low vaporization losses liquefied gas having a boiling point below about 233 K. including an inner vessel of less than about 50 liters liquid capacity for holding a liquefied gas body, an outer casing enclosing and separating said inner vessel from the atmosphere, at least said outer casing being formed from material of the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys to substantially reduce the overall weight of such portable container, a sealed space under a substantially permanent vacuum pressure not substantially greater than 5000 microns of mercury absolute between said inner vessl and said outer casing, said space containing an opacified insulating jacket having relatively high insulating efficiency at relatively poor vacuums, and a gas adsorbent material communicating with the opacified insulation to maintain the space under vacuum, a hollow lower support member formed of low heat conductive plastic material and having one end fiXedly mounted against the inside wall of the outer casing and the other end positioned to effectively slidably and telescopically engage a lower portion of the inner
  • a portable container for storing liquefied gas, in which a mixture of finely divided silica particles and aluminum flakes comprises said opacified insulating jacket.
  • a portable container for storing liquefied gas having a boiling point below about 233 K. including an inner aluminum vessel of less than about 50 liters liquid capacity for holding a liquefied gas body; an outer aluminum casing enclosure and separating the inner vessel from the atmosphere; a sealed space under a substantially permanent vacuum pressure not substantially greater than 5000 microns of mercury absolute between said inner vessel and said outer casing, said space containing an opaciiied insulating jacket comprising a mixture of finely divided silica particles and copper flakes which are present in an amount constituting about 50% by weight of such insulating jacket; at least one zeolitic molecular sieve gas adsorbent material having pores of at least angstrom units in size and communicating with the opacified insulation to maintain the space under a vacuum; a hollow lower support member formed of low heat conductive plastic material and having one end fixedly mounted against the inner wall of the outer casing and the other end positioned to effectively slidably and telescopically engage a lower portion of the inner vessel
  • a portable container for storing liquefied gas having a boiling point below about 233 K. including an inner aluminum vessel of less than about 50 liters liquid capacity for holding a liquefied gas body; an outer aluminum casing enclosing and separating the inner vessel from the atmosphere; a sealed space under a substantially permanent vacuum pressure not substantially greater than 5000 microns of mercury absolute between said inner vessel and said outer casing, said space containing an opacified insulating jacket comprising a multiplicity of radiation-impervious aluminum foils having a thickness between about 0.2 millmeters and 0.002 millimeters supportably carried by fiber glass having fiber diameters less than about 50 microns, such foils being disposed in parallel spaced relation to each other and said fiber glass material having a fiber orientation substantially parallel to the foils and substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat flow across said space; at least one zeolitic molecular sieve gas adsorbent material having pores of at least 5 angstrom units in size and communicating with the opacified insulation to
  • a light-weight double-walled portable container for storing with relatively low vaporization losses liquefied gas having a boiling point below about 233 K., including an inner vessel of less than about 50 liters liquid capacity for holding a liquefied gas body, an outer casing enclosing and separating said inner vessel from the atmosphere, at least said outer casing being formed from materials of the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys; a sealed space under a substantially permanent vacuum pressure not substantially greater than 5000 microns of mercury absolute between said inner vessel and said outer casing, said space containing an opacified insulating jacket and a gas adsorbent material communicating with the opacified insulation to maintain the space under a vacuum; a hollow lower support member formed of low heat conductive plastic material and having one end fxedly mounted against a lower portion of one wall of the container and the other end positioned to eectively slidably and telescopically engage a lower portion of the other wall of the double-walled container; and a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US181833A 1958-10-06 1962-02-09 Double-walled container Expired - Lifetime US3207354A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331522A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-07-18 Aladdin Ind Inc Metal vacuum bottle with plastic jacket
US4349051A (en) * 1979-03-23 1982-09-14 Lothar Schilf Thermal insulation of vessels and method of fabrication
US4411138A (en) * 1982-08-17 1983-10-25 Union Carbide Corporation Neck tube closure assembly for cryogenic containers
EP0109262A1 (fr) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-23 Aladdin Industries, Incorporated Récipient isotherme à vide en métal
US4572402A (en) * 1982-06-29 1986-02-25 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Container having a high degree of thermal insulation
US4793491A (en) * 1986-11-24 1988-12-27 Fluoroware, Inc. Pressurizable chemical shipping vessel
US5004120A (en) * 1989-05-18 1991-04-02 Hembert Claude L Device to protect the ends of fluid tanks made of composite materials
US5931334A (en) * 1996-02-29 1999-08-03 Elite Srl Thermal container with double metal wall and method for manufacturing it
US20040089580A1 (en) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-13 Hitoshi Ueda Double-layer vacuum container
USD756716S1 (en) 2014-07-02 2016-05-24 Hewy Wine Chillers, LLC Beverage container
US20160153614A1 (en) * 2013-04-30 2016-06-02 St Reproductive Technologies, Llc Transportation and/or storage device comprising a double-walled insulating bulb
USD799274S1 (en) 2015-10-15 2017-10-10 Hewy Wine Chillers, LLC Beverage container
RU180823U1 (ru) * 2017-10-24 2018-06-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технический комплекс "Криогенная техника" Резервуар с компенсацией усадки вакуумно-перлитной теплоизоляции
WO2019084485A1 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 L3 Technologies, Inc. Mémoire d'enregistreur de vol protégée sous vide
USD858212S1 (en) 2018-03-23 2019-09-03 Corkcicle, Llc Beverage container
USD872539S1 (en) 2018-03-23 2020-01-14 Corkcicle, Llc Beverage container
CN111412384A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-07-14 上海国际超导科技有限公司 真空容器用的间隔条
US10917983B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2021-02-09 L3 Technologies, Inc. Thermal isolation of flight recorder memory core
WO2024049989A1 (fr) * 2022-09-01 2024-03-07 Kite Pharma, Inc. Nouveaux systèmes d'expédition de matériaux congelés cryogéniquement

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GB991384A (en) * 1963-04-27 1965-05-05 British Oxygen Co Ltd Method and apparatus for storing ozone/oxygen mixtures
US3230726A (en) * 1964-01-27 1966-01-25 Union Carbide Corp Elastomeric connecting means for double-walled containers
FR2460441A1 (fr) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-23 Telecommunications Sa Dispositif cryostatique pouvant supporter des accelerations
DE19622245C1 (de) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-11 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Kleinbehälter zum Speichern von verflüssigtem Gas zur Kühlung von Isoliercontainern, insbesondere für den Transport von Lebensmitteln und verderblichen Gütern
DE102015200373A1 (de) * 2015-01-13 2016-07-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wasserstoff-Fahrzeugtanks mit einem Zeolith auf der Tankwand
EP4431723A1 (fr) * 2023-03-15 2024-09-18 Wendelin Schrauder Générateur océanique ayant une plate-forme marine

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US1651655A (en) * 1919-11-10 1927-12-06 William B Wright Vacuum-jacketed container
US2042472A (en) * 1934-05-15 1936-06-02 Hoague Sprague Corp Machine for making box-parts
US2648953A (en) * 1951-06-22 1953-08-18 Hofman Lab Inc Liquid helium container with insertable heat exchanger
GB781631A (en) * 1954-09-10 1957-08-21 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Method and apparatus for storing liquified gases
US2874865A (en) * 1957-01-23 1959-02-24 Union Carbide Corp Double-walled container with base
US2896416A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-07-28 Constock Int Methane Ltd Means for the transportation and storage of cold boiling liquefied hydrocarbon gas
US2900800A (en) * 1956-01-05 1959-08-25 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for maintaining efficiency of vacuum insulation
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1651655A (en) * 1919-11-10 1927-12-06 William B Wright Vacuum-jacketed container
US2042472A (en) * 1934-05-15 1936-06-02 Hoague Sprague Corp Machine for making box-parts
US2648953A (en) * 1951-06-22 1953-08-18 Hofman Lab Inc Liquid helium container with insertable heat exchanger
GB781631A (en) * 1954-09-10 1957-08-21 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Method and apparatus for storing liquified gases
US2900800A (en) * 1956-01-05 1959-08-25 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for maintaining efficiency of vacuum insulation
US2967152A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-01-03 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US2874865A (en) * 1957-01-23 1959-02-24 Union Carbide Corp Double-walled container with base
US2896416A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-07-28 Constock Int Methane Ltd Means for the transportation and storage of cold boiling liquefied hydrocarbon gas

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331522A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-07-18 Aladdin Ind Inc Metal vacuum bottle with plastic jacket
US4349051A (en) * 1979-03-23 1982-09-14 Lothar Schilf Thermal insulation of vessels and method of fabrication
US4572402A (en) * 1982-06-29 1986-02-25 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Container having a high degree of thermal insulation
US4411138A (en) * 1982-08-17 1983-10-25 Union Carbide Corporation Neck tube closure assembly for cryogenic containers
EP0109262A1 (fr) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-23 Aladdin Industries, Incorporated Récipient isotherme à vide en métal
US4793491A (en) * 1986-11-24 1988-12-27 Fluoroware, Inc. Pressurizable chemical shipping vessel
US5004120A (en) * 1989-05-18 1991-04-02 Hembert Claude L Device to protect the ends of fluid tanks made of composite materials
US5931334A (en) * 1996-02-29 1999-08-03 Elite Srl Thermal container with double metal wall and method for manufacturing it
US20040089580A1 (en) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-13 Hitoshi Ueda Double-layer vacuum container
US7284674B2 (en) * 2002-11-06 2007-10-23 Tiger Corporation Double-layer vacuum container
US20090114335A1 (en) * 2002-11-06 2009-05-07 Tiger Corporation Double-layer vacuum container
US7797807B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2010-09-21 Tiger Corporation Double-layer vacuum container
US20160153614A1 (en) * 2013-04-30 2016-06-02 St Reproductive Technologies, Llc Transportation and/or storage device comprising a double-walled insulating bulb
USD756716S1 (en) 2014-07-02 2016-05-24 Hewy Wine Chillers, LLC Beverage container
USD799274S1 (en) 2015-10-15 2017-10-10 Hewy Wine Chillers, LLC Beverage container
RU180823U1 (ru) * 2017-10-24 2018-06-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технический комплекс "Криогенная техника" Резервуар с компенсацией усадки вакуумно-перлитной теплоизоляции
WO2019084485A1 (fr) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 L3 Technologies, Inc. Mémoire d'enregistreur de vol protégée sous vide
US10802552B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2020-10-13 L3 Technologies, Inc. Vacuum protected flight recorder memory
US10917983B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2021-02-09 L3 Technologies, Inc. Thermal isolation of flight recorder memory core
US11751345B2 (en) 2017-10-27 2023-09-05 L3 Technologies, Inc. Thermal isolation of flight recorder memory core
USD858212S1 (en) 2018-03-23 2019-09-03 Corkcicle, Llc Beverage container
USD872539S1 (en) 2018-03-23 2020-01-14 Corkcicle, Llc Beverage container
CN111412384A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-07-14 上海国际超导科技有限公司 真空容器用的间隔条
WO2024049989A1 (fr) * 2022-09-01 2024-03-07 Kite Pharma, Inc. Nouveaux systèmes d'expédition de matériaux congelés cryogéniquement
US12522426B2 (en) 2022-09-01 2026-01-13 Kite Pharm, Inc. Systems and methods for shipping cryogenically-frozen materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1837143U (de) 1961-09-07
FR1237018A (fr) 1960-11-23

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