US3208737A - Solids flow equalizer - Google Patents

Solids flow equalizer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3208737A
US3208737A US32070463A US3208737A US 3208737 A US3208737 A US 3208737A US 32070463 A US32070463 A US 32070463A US 3208737 A US3208737 A US 3208737A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
solids
collector
flow
restricter
pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
George N Brown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US32070463 priority Critical patent/US3208737A/en
Priority to GB4396964A priority patent/GB1020650A/en
Priority to LU47234A priority patent/LU47234A1/xx
Priority to DE19641432039 priority patent/DE1432039A1/de
Priority to NL6412675A priority patent/NL6412675A/xx
Priority to BE655117D priority patent/BE655117A/xx
Priority to CH1409364A priority patent/CH430397A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3208737A publication Critical patent/US3208737A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/80—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis
    • B01F25/82—Falling particle mixers, e.g. with repeated agitation along a vertical axis uniting flows of material taken from different parts of a receptacle or from a set of different receptacles
    • B01F25/823—Flow collectors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/52—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices
    • B65G47/72—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices transferring materials in bulk from one conveyor to several conveyors, or vice versa
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87652—With means to promote mixing or combining of plural fluids
    • Y10T137/8766—With selectively operated flow control means

Definitions

  • Another object of this invention is to provide a solids flow equalizer of improved economy, in that it eliminates the necessity for the provision of all of the valves hitherto required, one which is adapted to the simultaneous regulation of multiple flows for materials of widely varying flow characteristics and a design which is compact and conveniently incorporated into existing installations as well as those to'be built in the future.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially broken away side elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the solids flow equalizer of this invention, wherein only a single pair of diametrically opposed solids introduction pipes is shown for purposes of simplicity,
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a partially broken away side elevation view of a variation in the design of FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein the flow restricter is scalloped peripherally by the provision of solids passages in the form of V-notches, and
  • FIG. 4 is a partially broken away. side elevation view of another embodiment of solids flow equalizer wherein the solids collectorchamber confronting the flow restricter is cylindrical in form.
  • this invention is a gravimetric solids flow equalizer comprising, in combination, a substantially vertically disposed solids collector circular in horizontal cross-section with side walls of vertical inclination in excess of the angle of repose of solids processed through the flow equalizer, a plurality of equi-sized solids introduction pipes discharging into the top of the collector, the solids introduction pipes being sloped at substantially equal angles of inclination with respect to the horizontal in excess of the angle of repose of solids processed through the flow equalizer over straight lengths upstream of the collector exceediing a distance of about three pipe diameters with discharge ends spaced radially-from the center of ,the collector at locations disposed symmetrically both peripherally and longitudinally of the collector, a concentrically disposed common solids discharge opening in the bottom of the collector, and a flow restricter mounted concentrically inside the collector intermediate the discharge ends of the solids introduction pipes and the common solids discharge opening defining, with the side walls' of the collector, a uniformly distributed open peripheral area having a minimum
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a preferred embodiment of apparatus according to this invention intended for use in an installation in which it was desired to equalize the gravimetric flow of solids through nine pipes 10 of equal inside diameters (typically 3") which led from different levels and peripheral locations of an elevated solids blending apparatus of the design taught in US. Patent 3,106,385.
  • the material which was to be processed by theapparatus was somewhat irregularlyshaped polyethylene cubes measuring approximately Va" length on a side, which material had an angle of repose of about 38.
  • the discharge ends of solids introduction pipes 10 be spaced radially from the center of collector-11 at' locations disposed symmetricallyboth peripherally and longitudinally of the collector, by which is meant that corresponding points of adjacent solids introduction pipes must be spaced at equiangular intervals measured peripherally and at equal distances measured radially, referred to the center of solids collector 11.
  • the centers of pipes 10 were located at equiangular spacings around a circle 6" in radius, referred to the axisof collector 11 as center.
  • the inclinations of all pipes 10 with reference to the longitudinal axis of the collector should have the same orientation, i.e., either all towards or all away from this axis, at substantially equal angles of inclination.
  • the disposition of corresponding points of the pipe 10 discharge ends should be symmetrically locatedlongitudinally of collector 11, it being understood that pipes l0 can enter through the collector side wall equally well as through the top, although the latter arrangement is preferred in the interests of conserving head room.
  • the flow equalizer of FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided with a solids flow restricter 20 which, in this instance, is constructed so as to actually abut the inside wall of the collector at lowermost setting, thereby permitting complete closure of the solids fiow path through the collector should this ever become necessary in order to effect repairs or alterations to the downstream piping system. Since different materials display widely different flow characteristics, it is desirable to mount the restricter for adjustable vertical movement axially of collector 11, to thereby permit selection of the optimum peripheral restricter-collector clearance for any given solid material in process, and this provision is incorporated 'in the design detailed.
  • the restricter 20 detailed has the general form of an upright frustum of a 10 base diameter cone, pitched at a base angle of 45, and is readily fabricated from a strip of imperforate sheet metal bent into the shape shown.
  • the restricter is mounted concentrically inside collector 11 within a region wherein the uppermost solids flow equalization positional limit, measured from the restricter periphery, is no less than three diameters of pipe 10 below the discharge ends of pipes 10 and wherein the lowermost solids flow equalization positional limit is no less than three times the maximum radial clearance between the periphery of restricter 20 and the inside wall of section 11b above discharge opening 18.
  • the upper flow equalization poistional limit A of restricter 20 is 9" measured from the underside of flange 16, whereas the lower flow equalization positional limit B is 6.5 above the opening 18, defining approximately 1.5" as the range of flow equalization vertical adjustment of restricter 20 axially of collector 11.
  • the restricter can' be moved axially over a considerably greater distance of about measured from its lower limit in abutment against the inside wall of conical section 11b to a pointabout 3" above the upper flow equalization positional limit A described, which is advantageous for reasons hereinafter described.
  • the restricter is depended from a suspension rod 21 calibrated along its vertical length to correspond to various settings of restricter 20 within collector 11.
  • Rod 21 is slidably mounted within a collar 22 fixedly attached to the top of flange 16 provided with a set screw 23 for locking the rod at any predetermined vertical setting.
  • Handle portion 21a bent at an angle of 90 to the vertically disposed length of rod 21, extending outwards radially from the relatively closely arrayed plurality of down-coming solids introduction pipes entering the collector from the top, is provided as a handle for convenient grasping by the operator.
  • flow equalization is obtained according to this invention by the throttling action exerted on solids particles traversing the restricter 20-inside wall 11b interspace.
  • this is an annulus of regulable width, the maximum limit of which is dimension it taken in the radial plane, defined by the restricter at its uppermost flow equalization position A.
  • the throttling interspace between restricter periphery and collector sidewall cannot be shaped to a highly irregular profile in the plane of projection, a design with scalloped edge restricter periphery being detailed in FIG. 3 as an example.
  • the open peripheral area be uniformly distributed, by which it is meant that open space be provided in a regular modular pattern throughout the full 360 periphery of the restricter.
  • interspace relied upon for flow equalization action have a minimum radial dimension greater than the self-bridging dimensional limit for solids processed through the flow equalizer (the self;bridging dimensional limit for the A" polyethylene cubes, as an example, is 0.5), a maximum radial dimension less than about 50% of the minimum radius .of the collector 11 within the region in which the flow restricter is disposed (i.e., at the level Where restricter 20 abuts collector wall 11b) and a total area, measured as projected on the radial plane of the'collector, aggregating greater than the area of the common solids discharge opening 18 but less than the collective inside areas of solids introduction pipes 10.
  • the area ratio the self;bridging dimensional limit for the A" polyethylene cubes, as an example, is 0.5
  • the mechanics of solids flow according to this invention apparently consists of a two-stage sequence.
  • solids escape from the discharge ends of eachof the solids introduction pipes 10 and flow in substantially identical streams into the upper part ofcollector 11, attaining an equilibrium state in passage through the vertical distance exceeding three times the diameter of a pipe 10, thereby assuming a flow rate independent of the individual solids heads applied to each of the several pipes 10.
  • the second stage of operation is the withdrawal, at
  • Equalization of solids flow as herein-above described necessitates that the limiting collector body surface in confrontation with the solids piles built up below the several solids discharging orifices present a uniform peripheral configuration.
  • Collectors circular in horizontal cross section are therefore necessary to good flow equalization obtainment; however, a wide choice of longitudinally defining forms may be employed, including the conical and cylindrically shaped collector bodies specifically described herein, which are especially preferred because of their self-cleaning solids clearing action, sections of spheres, or inter-combinations of more than one of the forms together.
  • Outlet 18 discharges to a solids removalconveyor (not shown), for example, into the receiver of a pneumatic conveying system of 'a type employing a pressure (or vacuum) induced gas stream for entrainment or other propulsion of solids in return circuit to the solids blender, if repetition of the blending cycle is desired, or to some subsequent processing step if blending is complete enough for the purposes. It is essential that discharge via outlet 18 be at a rate below that which would choke the conveying system utilized, and provision of a suitable flow control is necessary. This can-optionally be a conventional slide valve mounted within discharge outlet 18, as hereinafter shown for the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a specific design of solids flow equalizer employing five vertically disposed solids introduction pipes 30, only two of which are shown for simplicity in the representation, each of which had a 2" inside diameter.
  • Pipes 30 were arranged at equiangular spacings of 72 apart around a circle of radius 5" drawn from the axis of the equalizer apparatus as center.
  • the flow restricter 33 was an upright frustum of a cone, made from an impcrforate metal sheet coned to a vertex angle of 60, welded at the top end 34 to its coaxial support element. In this design restricter 33 was concentrically depended within collector 31 from vertically disposed threaded rod 35 fixedly attached thereto and engaging with anchoring nut 36 welded to the top flange 37 of the collector.
  • the base diameter of restricter 33 measured approximately 6" and was scalloped at the periphery with five equiangularly spaced through-going notches 40, measuring approximately 2" in width by 2" high.
  • the lowermost position at which flow equalization was obtained was that denoted at level a, FIG. 3, at which the restricter periphery was in contact with the inside wall of collector 31, which was 3.7 above the upper opening of discharge outlet 32.
  • the uppermost position at which flow equalization was obtained was level b, disposed approximately 6.3" below the level of the discharge ends of pipes 30, thus defining a range of about 2" vertical movement of restricter 33 regulative of solids flow through the apparatus.
  • Slide valve 42 installed within discharge line 32, enabled wide range regulation of solids flow rate.
  • FIG. 4 shows yet another embodiment of flow equalizer dispensing entirely with regulable longitudinal restricter positioning and relying on static restricter disposition sole- .ly for flow equalization.
  • the invariant interspace presented to solids flow (l s" polyethylene cubes) between the inside collector wall and the base periphery of restricter 48 was an annulus measuring in radial width.
  • the apparatus was closed off at the bottom by a frusto-conical collector portion 47b,
  • a common solids discharge pipe 52 (2" inside diameter) disposed coaxially of the collector.
  • the discharge pipe was provided with a conventional slide valve 53 for complete cut-ofi of solids flow through the apparatus.
  • the skirt end of restrictor 48 was spaced vertically a distance of 8% from the discharge ends of pipes 46, and 7%" from the upper end of discharge pipe 52.
  • a glass model of the FIG. 4 apparatus showed clear development of symmetrical solids boundary flow limits
  • a gravimetric solids flow equalizer comprising, in.
  • a substantially vertically disposed solids collector circular in horizontal 'cross section with side walls of vertical inclination in excess of the angle of repose of solids processed through said flow equalizer, a plurality of equi-sized solids introduction pipes discharging into the top of said collector, said solids introduction pipes being sloped at substantially equal angles of inclination with respect to the horizontal in excess of said angle of repose of solids processed through said fiow equalizer over straight lengths upstream of said collector exceeding a distance of about three pipe diameters with discharge ends spaced radially from the center of said collector at locations disposed symmetrically both peripherally and longitudinally of said collector, a concentrically disposed common solids discharge opening in the bottom of said collector and a fiow'restricter mounted concentrically inside said collector intermediate said discharge ends of said solids introduction pipes and said common solids discharge opening defining with said side walls of said collector a uniformly distributed open peripheral area having a minimum radial dimension greater than the selfbridging dimensional limit for solids processed through said flow equalizer, a
  • a gravimetric solids flow equalizer according to claim 1 wherein said solids flow collector has the general form of an inverted frustum of a cone sloped at a vertical inclination in excess of the angle of repose of solids processed through said fiow equalizer, said flow restricter has the general form of an upright frustum of a cone sloped at a vertical inclination in excess of said angle of repose of solids processed through said flow equalizer, and there is a span inclusive of the region wherein said uniformly distributed open peripheral area has a total extent aggregating greater than the area of said common solids discharge opening but less than the collective inside area of said solids introduction pipes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chutes (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US32070463 1963-11-01 1963-11-01 Solids flow equalizer Expired - Lifetime US3208737A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32070463 US3208737A (en) 1963-11-01 1963-11-01 Solids flow equalizer
GB4396964A GB1020650A (en) 1963-11-01 1964-10-28 Solids flow equalizer-blender
LU47234A LU47234A1 (de) 1963-11-01 1964-10-29
DE19641432039 DE1432039A1 (de) 1963-11-01 1964-10-30 Stroemungsausgleichsvorrichtung fuer Schuettgueter
NL6412675A NL6412675A (de) 1963-11-01 1964-10-30
BE655117D BE655117A (de) 1963-11-01 1964-10-30
CH1409364A CH430397A (de) 1963-11-01 1964-10-30 Gravimetrische Ausgleichseinrichtung für Schüttgüter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32070463 US3208737A (en) 1963-11-01 1963-11-01 Solids flow equalizer

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US3208737A true US3208737A (en) 1965-09-28

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US32070463 Expired - Lifetime US3208737A (en) 1963-11-01 1963-11-01 Solids flow equalizer

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US (1) US3208737A (de)
BE (1) BE655117A (de)
CH (1) CH430397A (de)
DE (1) DE1432039A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1020650A (de)
LU (1) LU47234A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6412675A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317191A (en) * 1965-11-08 1967-05-02 Du Pont Method and apparatus for solids blending
US3347534A (en) * 1965-12-21 1967-10-17 Young Machinery Company Inc Solids flow equalizer
US3448968A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-06-10 Henry T Young Solids flow collector
DE1297448B (de) * 1965-03-09 1969-06-12 Du Pont Vorrichtung zum Mischen von pulverfoermigem bis koernigem Gut
DE1299985B (de) * 1965-03-09 1969-07-24 Du Pont Schwerkraftmischer fuer pulverfoermiges bis koerniges Gut
DE1507886B1 (de) * 1965-12-13 1970-12-10 Avril Arthur C Vorrichtung zum Mischen von trockenen,koernigen Materialien
US4923304A (en) * 1986-05-09 1990-05-08 General Foods Inc. Apparatus for dispensing a blended composition of particulate ingredients
US20080247266A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2008-10-09 Christian Schlummer Metering device
WO2014144571A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Lurie Martin S Pipe conveyors

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1595065A (en) * 1977-01-28 1981-08-05 Exxon Research Engineering Co Hopper

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US455082A (en) * 1891-06-30 James -wilson
US563978A (en) * 1896-07-14 Fore-mash apparatus
US2953359A (en) * 1958-10-16 1960-09-20 Johnson March Corp Apparatus for treating pulverulent material
US3155377A (en) * 1963-02-25 1964-11-03 Warren L Godman Destratifying uniform blender
US3158362A (en) * 1962-06-07 1964-11-24 Acheson Ind Inc Method of blending granular materials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US455082A (en) * 1891-06-30 James -wilson
US563978A (en) * 1896-07-14 Fore-mash apparatus
US2953359A (en) * 1958-10-16 1960-09-20 Johnson March Corp Apparatus for treating pulverulent material
US3158362A (en) * 1962-06-07 1964-11-24 Acheson Ind Inc Method of blending granular materials
US3155377A (en) * 1963-02-25 1964-11-03 Warren L Godman Destratifying uniform blender

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1297448B (de) * 1965-03-09 1969-06-12 Du Pont Vorrichtung zum Mischen von pulverfoermigem bis koernigem Gut
DE1299985B (de) * 1965-03-09 1969-07-24 Du Pont Schwerkraftmischer fuer pulverfoermiges bis koerniges Gut
US3317191A (en) * 1965-11-08 1967-05-02 Du Pont Method and apparatus for solids blending
DE1507886B1 (de) * 1965-12-13 1970-12-10 Avril Arthur C Vorrichtung zum Mischen von trockenen,koernigen Materialien
US3347534A (en) * 1965-12-21 1967-10-17 Young Machinery Company Inc Solids flow equalizer
US3448968A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-06-10 Henry T Young Solids flow collector
US4923304A (en) * 1986-05-09 1990-05-08 General Foods Inc. Apparatus for dispensing a blended composition of particulate ingredients
US20080247266A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2008-10-09 Christian Schlummer Metering device
WO2014144571A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Lurie Martin S Pipe conveyors
US20160039609A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-02-11 Martin S. Lurie Pipe conveyors
US9573763B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-02-21 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions (Usa), Inc. Pipe conveyors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1020650A (en) 1966-02-23
CH430397A (de) 1967-02-15
LU47234A1 (de) 1964-12-29
NL6412675A (de) 1965-05-03
BE655117A (de) 1965-02-15
DE1432039A1 (de) 1969-04-30

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