US3210813A - Method for the production of effervescent-steel ingots - Google Patents

Method for the production of effervescent-steel ingots Download PDF

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Publication number
US3210813A
US3210813A US223018A US22301862A US3210813A US 3210813 A US3210813 A US 3210813A US 223018 A US223018 A US 223018A US 22301862 A US22301862 A US 22301862A US 3210813 A US3210813 A US 3210813A
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United States
Prior art keywords
steel
mold
currents
ingot
descending
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Expired - Lifetime
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US223018A
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English (en)
Inventor
Boeckers Erich
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Niederrheinische Huette AG
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Niederrheinische Huette AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/06—Heating the top discard of ingots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
    • C21C2005/366—Foam slags

Definitions

  • the carbon monoxide rises along the solidification front parallel to the mold walls and produces a current which moves upwardly along the walls and downwardly in the center of the ingot.
  • Nonmetallic substances present when the molten steel is cast tend to remain in the liquid phase and, on account of their low specific gravity, rise and collect at the head of the ingot, forming the so-called ingot foam.
  • a convection current is set up in the mold a portion of the nonmetallic substances tends to be drawn down again into the lower part of the mold before reaching the surface of the steel, and indeed part of the ingot foam itself may also be drawn downwards from the surface.
  • the molten steel is partially killed in the ladle by the addition of a deoxidising agent, cast into an ingot mold, and currents in the steel in the ingot mold are reduced by physical means. It has been found that by the combination of these measures the contaminated ingot length can be substantially reduced.
  • the first measure that of adding a deoxidising agent such as aluminum, silicon or titanium to the liquid steel after it has been poured into the ladle, involves adding sufficient deoxidising agent to reduce considerably the boiling action in the ingot mold, without completely killing the steel. As a result the dangerous suction effect is reduced so that the ingot foam can only be drawn into the ingot in very small quantities. In every case it is necessary to avoid increasing the amount of ingot foam or reducing its temperature, as may occur upon addition of fluorspar or other known powder. Aluminum does not act in this way, since the resultant alumina rises in the ladle as slag. It is therefore particularly satisfactory since it neither increases nor cools the ingot foam.
  • a deoxidising agent such as aluminum, silicon or titanium
  • the amount of deoxidising agent required is determined by the weight, the composition and the temperature of the melt.
  • a number of test ingots were cast from molten steel to which different p ce amounts of aluminum have been added.
  • the length of ingot which is contaminated was then measured, and is plotted as a percentage of the total length of the ingot against the amount of aluminum added.
  • the correct amount of deoxidising agent is that which produces the smallest contamination.
  • this procedure was followed for an elfervescing open hearth steel with 0.07% carbon and 0.30 to 0.35% manganese and the results were plotted as shown in FIGURE 1 of the accompanying drawings. It can be seen that the most satisfactory amount of aluminum for this steel is from about 0.25 to 0.33 kg. of aluminum per ton of steel.
  • the sucking in of the ingot foam cannot be completely suppressed by the use of deoxidising agents.
  • physical means are also used, which influence the composition, constitution, toughness and surface tension of the ingot foam as well as the nature, direction and velocity of the current in the steel in the mold, either individually or together.
  • One method for example, is to close the top of the mold when casting is ended in such a way that the gases evolved can escape without hindrance while at the same time heat is retained in and reflected back towards the ingot.
  • FIGURES 2 to 6 of the accompanying drawings are all sections through ingot molds.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a mold 1 in which the sides taper upwards. To reduce currents in the mold and reduce the amount of foam drawn into the steel by them, the mold is tilted. Upward currents then meet downward currents in the region 2 and there results a weaker, downwardly directed current. In other words, the symmetry of the currents is destroyed.
  • FIGURE 3 the mold 3 widens from its base towards the mouth 4.
  • the upwardly-directed currents are to some extent dissipated by an outward movement in the region of the mouth 4, and hence the downward currents are reduced in strength.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a mold 5 in which a box-like device 6, open at both ends, is suspended.
  • This device may be made of steel and may be suspended by Wires or rods. It will tend to melt in the molten steel, but as it does this only slowly it also has the effect of keeping the ingot foam at the sides of the mold, so that the downwardly-directed currents contain little or no ingot foam.
  • a mold 7 has a heating device 8. This has the effect of heating the ingot foam and so altering its consistency that it is less readily drawn down into the steel.
  • the foam may be heated by means of a conventional hot top which heats the foam by means of, for example, an exothermically buring composition, a gas burner or an electric arc.
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates a combination of the physical means of FIGURES 3 and 4.
  • the mold 9 widens, while the box 10 is inverted. The result is the same, namely that downward currents are reduced.
  • FIGURE 7 a cross-shaped body 12 is immersed in the steel in a mold 11. This has the effect of breaking a single strong downward current into four weaker ones, which can draw little foam down into the steel.
  • a method of producing solid effervescent-steel ingots comprising the steps of preparing a heat of molten effervescent steel in a ladle; partially killing the molten steel in said ladle by adding to said heat a deoxidizing agent in an amount sufficient to reduce gaseous evolution from said heat but not sufficient to convert it to completely killed steel; casting the only partially killed molten steel from said ladle into a generally upright ingot mold; cooling the steel within said mold to solidify the ingot while generating ascending gas-entraining currents of steel and gases along the periphery of the mold and descending currents of steel in-a central regionof said mold and forming a layer of team at the top-of the .steel within said mold; and reducing the strength of said descending currents .to limit the contamination of the ingot by .said descending currents, ;the strength of .said .descending currents being reduced by directing ,an ascending current of steel and gases counter to said descending current
  • a method .of producing ,solid effervescent-steel ingots comprising the steps of preparing a heat of molten elfervescent steel in a ladle; partially .killing the molten steel insaid ladleby .the addition .to said heat of at least one deoxidizing agent which consists of aluminum; and the casting the .only partially killed molten steel .into a mold tilted initially ,at an .angle to the vertical such that substantially vertical rising .currents .of gases evolved in said steel within said mold during .said casting intercept downwardly directed central currents of steel, thereby weakening said downwardly .directed currents and reducing the entrainment of :nonmetallic substances and part of the ingot foam .from .a .layer thereof formed atop the steel cast in the mold downwardly into a lower part of the ingot where they may be retained during solidification of the steel.
  • a method of producing solid effervescent-steel ingots comprising the steps of preparing a heat of molten effervescent steel in a ladle; partially killing the molten steel in said ladle by the addition to said heat of an amount ranging between substantially 0.25 and 0.33 kg./ ton of said steel of aluminum; and casting the only partially killed molten steel into a mold tilted at an angle to the vertical such that substantially vertical rising currents of gases evolved in said steel within said mold during said casting intercept downwardly directed central currents of steel, thereby weakening said downwardly directed currents and reducing the entrainment of nonmetallic substances and part of the ingot foam from a layer thereof formed atop the steel cast in the mold downwardy into a lower part of the ingot where they may be retained during solidification of the steel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US223018A 1961-09-15 1962-09-12 Method for the production of effervescent-steel ingots Expired - Lifetime US3210813A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEN20553A DE1286526B (de) 1961-09-15 1961-09-15 Verfahren zum Herstellen von unberuhigtem Stahl

Publications (1)

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US3210813A true US3210813A (en) 1965-10-12

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US223018A Expired - Lifetime US3210813A (en) 1961-09-15 1962-09-12 Method for the production of effervescent-steel ingots

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US (1) US3210813A (de)
AT (1) AT244373B (de)
DE (1) DE1286526B (de)
GB (1) GB989029A (de)
LU (1) LU42211A1 (de)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2116630A (en) * 1936-08-29 1938-05-10 Donald E Jones Method of casting tubular members
US2480516A (en) * 1946-08-01 1949-08-30 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co Method of controlling the rimming of ingots
US2591517A (en) * 1942-12-24 1952-04-01 Ferro Eng Co Method and device for casting ingots of rimming steel
GB695736A (en) * 1950-04-05 1953-08-19 Huttenwerk Horde Ag Process for improving the yield from rimmed or unkilled steel ingots
US2768892A (en) * 1955-05-26 1956-10-30 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Non-aging steel
US2819503A (en) * 1954-05-03 1958-01-14 United States Steel Corp Method of producing rimmed and capped steel
FR1248643A (fr) * 1959-10-28 1960-12-23 Nouveau procédé et dispositif destinés à l'amélioration de la contexture des lingots pendant leur figement

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734242A (en) * 1956-02-14 Ingot molds
DE655119C (de) * 1934-09-19 1938-01-08 Robert De Reytere Verfahren zum Giessen von Metallbloecken unter Verwendung eines Lunkerverhuetungsmittels
DE916666C (de) * 1939-02-10 1954-08-16 Henri Jean Daussan Dipl Ing Blockkopfabdeckung
DE812345C (de) * 1949-03-17 1951-08-27 Henri Jean Dipl-Ing Daussan Abdeckvorrichtung fuer in Kokillen gegossenen unberuhigten Stahl
DE843136C (de) * 1949-12-06 1952-07-07 Henri Jean Dipl-Ing Daussan Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Blockguete bei Kokillenguss
AT194088B (de) * 1954-11-18 1957-12-27 Henri Jean Dipl Ing Daussan Gießformeinsatz mit wabenartig geformtem Schwimmer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2116630A (en) * 1936-08-29 1938-05-10 Donald E Jones Method of casting tubular members
US2591517A (en) * 1942-12-24 1952-04-01 Ferro Eng Co Method and device for casting ingots of rimming steel
US2480516A (en) * 1946-08-01 1949-08-30 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Co Method of controlling the rimming of ingots
GB695736A (en) * 1950-04-05 1953-08-19 Huttenwerk Horde Ag Process for improving the yield from rimmed or unkilled steel ingots
US2819503A (en) * 1954-05-03 1958-01-14 United States Steel Corp Method of producing rimmed and capped steel
US2768892A (en) * 1955-05-26 1956-10-30 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Non-aging steel
FR1248643A (fr) * 1959-10-28 1960-12-23 Nouveau procédé et dispositif destinés à l'amélioration de la contexture des lingots pendant leur figement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB989029A (en) 1965-04-14
AT244373B (de) 1966-01-10
LU42211A1 (de) 1962-10-13
DE1286526B (de) 1969-01-09

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