US3215424A - Apparatus for refining iron - Google Patents

Apparatus for refining iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3215424A
US3215424A US151918A US15191861A US3215424A US 3215424 A US3215424 A US 3215424A US 151918 A US151918 A US 151918A US 15191861 A US15191861 A US 15191861A US 3215424 A US3215424 A US 3215424A
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Prior art keywords
refining
slag
iron
molten
molten iron
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Expired - Lifetime
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US151918A
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English (en)
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Kanamori Kuro
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/567—Manufacture of steel by other methods operating in a continuous way
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0068—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by introducing material into a current of streaming metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for refining iron with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for refining iron by continuously making slag and continuously removing slag, thereby causing active slag to contact continuously the surface of molten iron, while circulating said molten iron along the center line of annular path.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for refining iron comprising means to impart a controllable uniform circular fiow to the molten iron, while it is being exposed simultaneously to a reaction with a refining gas and/ or solids in the reaction chamber.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to impart the circular flow mentioned, to the molten metal in the reaction chamber mechanically.
  • Still another object of the invention is to impart the circular flow, mentioned, to the molten iron, by directing the refining gas and/or solids for reaction toward it in a directional stream in the reaction chamber.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for refining iron with means to adjust the velocity of fiow of the molten material mentioned within a predetermined range of zones.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the kind mentioned, permitting the use and advantageous utilization of the solids used conventionally as slag-making and refining agents, in powder form either separated from or in mixture with the refining gases selected.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for refining iron of the kind mentioned with means permitting introduction of the slag-making and refining agents.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view partly in perspective and partly in longitudinal section of a sample apparatus of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • the gas and the solids are used separately or as a mixture.
  • the refining chamber of an annular form is made by forming an annular space with refractory materials along 3,215,424 Patented Nov. 2, 1965 the circumference of a circle of the size selected depending upon specific conditions of operation, and the longitudinal sections of any positions of said space show the substantially same shape.
  • annular space may be open towards the top, it is possible to form an annular space with a closed top made of refractory materials in a similar way, if desired or if occasions require.
  • the refractory materials are generally covered by a steel shell, and an iron tapping hole, a slag running outlet, an exhaust pipe, nozzles and/ or a slag-removing stopper can be installed as desired.
  • the molten iron is maintained in the annular space or the refining chamber and refined by making a circular motion.
  • the numerical figures 1, 3 and 4 show the lower part furnace body, the lower part steel shell and the lower part refractory materials, respectively.
  • 5 represents the refining chamber and 6 represents the molten iron.
  • 7, 8 and 9 show respectively, the upper part furnace body, the upper part steel shell and the upper part refractory materials.
  • 10, 11 and 12 represent, respectively, the steel tapping hole, the slag removing outlet and the nozzles.
  • 13, 14 and 15 represent, respectively, the exhaust pipe, the stopper for removing slags and the inlet for a molten metal.
  • the arrow mark A shows the direction of the circulation of flow of the molten iron and slags.
  • a preferable method for reacting the gas and/ or solids with the molten iron is to provide over the surface of the molten metal one or several nozzles which are stationary or changeable in direction and position, and blow the gas and/ or solids over the surface of the molten metal or pour them into the molten metal from a direction aslant to said surface such as, for example, from the angle of 45 degrees.
  • this invention it is possible to install a larger number of nozzles or inlets for blowing the refining gas and solids than in conventional converters and open-hearth furnaces. Therefore, not only is it possible to freely select the zones for blowing or adding materials for refining but also it is possible to greatly increase or decrease the quantity of materials to be blown into or to be added, with result that a very quick andrapid refining is made possible.
  • the position of the nozzles can be freely adjusted depending upon the kind of steel desired and on the conditions of refining. Therefore, when the slag is low in temperature, of high viscosity and hard to flow, the angle of the nozzles and the distance of their tips from the surface of the molten bath are adjustable to be switched to the so-called surface blow. In this way, CO in exhaust gas is burnt into CO and the temperature within the furnace above the molten iron is rapidly elevated with the result that the fluidity of slag is increased, and the removal of slag can be smoothly carried out.
  • Molten pig iron is first introduced through the inlet 15 into the furnace preheated by a burner. Oxygen is blown from the nozzles 12 into the molten pig iron, and the refining starts to take place by circulating the molten pig iron by the velocity energy of flow of the oxygen.
  • a refining gas such as, for example, an oxygen gas
  • the temperature of the zone to which oxygen has been blown is not locally raised due to the circulation of the molten iron and slags, and thus it is possible to carry out the refining of iron by adjusting the temperature of the molten iron within a specific range, always pushing a white-heat point ahead.
  • Slag-making agents are added either through an inlet (not shown in the drawings) at a proper time or through the nozzles 12 together with the refining gas.
  • the exhaust gas goes out of the exhaust pipe or stack 13.
  • the progress of refining can be determined by taking analysis samples and measuring the temperature of the molten metal through said outlet and said inlet for adding slag-producing agents. Accordingly, the operation can be simultaneously controlled.
  • a deoxidizing agent is supplied through a proper inlet (not shown in the drawings) or with the stream of gas, and then steel is taken out of the steel tapping hole 10.
  • EXAMPLE I An annular furnace of 100 kg. capacity as shown in the drawings is used.
  • the quantity of molten pig iron is 102 kg., and after the introduction of the molten iron into the furnace the blowing and refining start to take place at the temperature of 1290 C.
  • the blowing and refining time is 11 minutes and 30 seconds in total, and pure oxygen is blown into the furnace from two nozzles.
  • the pressure of oxygen is approximately 4-5 kg./cm. and the quantity is 0.62 m. /min. for the first 5 minutes, and 0.81 m. /min. for the rest of time and refining is carried out continuously.
  • Towards the end of refining a part of slags is removed while refining. Samples of slags and the molten metal are taken from the slag removing outlet four times during the entire refining time as shown in Table I to determine the progress of refining.
  • Example II The procedure of Example I is followed except that the quantity of oxygen is 0.60 m. min. constantly throughout the operation and the nozzles are placed a little closer to the face of the molten metal. The result is shown in Table II.
  • the oxidation of silicon, manganese, carbon etc. in the molten iron is regulated by their atfinity with oxygen and the temperature.
  • oxidation sometimes concentrically takes place at the zone to which oxygen is blown, resulting in a difference in the degree of oxidation from other zones.
  • this invention since the refining operation is carried out while circulating the molten iron and slags, the white-heat point gradually moves forward and the molten iron is uniformly refined according to the oxidation step in metallurgy. This fact is particularly advantageous in the case of the refining of, for example, chromium-containing pig iron smelted from laterite ores.
  • this invention achieves very superior eifects which cannot be expected to be attained by the conventional apparatus.
  • a furnace comprising a hollow torus, conduit means for introducing molten metal into the torus and for removing m lt n metal therefrom, nozzle means extending into the hollow of the torus at an angle to the centerline thereof for introducing refining agents therein, an outlet for removing slag formed on the surface of the molten metal, and a barrier means supported within and extending radially of the torus adjacent said slag removing outlet and positioned to bar the passage of slag and allow the passage of molten metal past said barrier means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US151918A 1960-12-07 1961-11-13 Apparatus for refining iron Expired - Lifetime US3215424A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4780260 1960-12-07

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US3215424A true US3215424A (en) 1965-11-02

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US151918A Expired - Lifetime US3215424A (en) 1960-12-07 1961-11-13 Apparatus for refining iron

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US (1) US3215424A (de)
AT (1) AT247889B (de)
BE (1) BE610957A (de)
DE (1) DE1224341B (de)
GB (1) GB1004355A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326671A (en) * 1963-02-21 1967-06-20 Howard K Worner Direct smelting of metallic ores
US3356490A (en) * 1964-05-04 1967-12-05 Centre Nat Rech Metall Refining pig iron
US3452973A (en) * 1965-12-29 1969-07-01 Nippon Kokan Kk Vacuum degasifying apparatus with electromagnetic stirring means
US3459417A (en) * 1965-11-10 1969-08-05 B P Prezemyslu Hutniczego Bipr Furnace for the production of steel
US3463472A (en) * 1963-02-21 1969-08-26 Conzinc Riotinto Ltd Apparatus for the direct smelting of metallic ores
US3634065A (en) * 1968-02-16 1972-01-11 Conzinc Riotinto Ltd Method for refining metals
US3980283A (en) * 1971-02-16 1976-09-14 Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Eisenhuttentechnik Mbh Apparatus for performing a continuous metallurgical refining process
EP0549798A4 (de) * 1990-09-18 1994-02-09 Vitold Marianovich Lupeiko

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE252046C (de) *
US723501A (en) * 1902-12-17 1903-03-24 Hermann Georges Christian Thofehrn Manufacture of steel.
US724770A (en) * 1902-05-31 1903-04-07 Frank E Young Art of making steel.
US879480A (en) * 1906-04-30 1908-02-18 Edmund Von Maltitz Process for purifying iron.
US1032653A (en) * 1904-11-11 1912-07-16 Herman A Brassert Method of manufacturing steel.
US1034786A (en) * 1909-01-06 1912-08-06 American Electric Smelting And Engineering Company Process of producing alloy steel.
US1946873A (en) * 1928-09-18 1934-02-13 Ajax Metal Company Method for making stainless steel
US2603476A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-07-15 Howard C Whiston Circular open hearth melting furnace
US2611693A (en) * 1948-03-31 1952-09-23 Geyer Wallace Thomas Method for refining molten metal
GB744935A (en) * 1953-07-15 1956-02-15 Hutten Und Stahlverfahren Mit Method of and apparatus for the continuous production of purified iron from pig-iron
US2862810A (en) * 1950-02-02 1958-12-02 Alexandrovsky Georges Process and apparatus for reducing the silicon content and increasing the temperature of molten pig iron
US2975047A (en) * 1956-11-07 1961-03-14 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Process for the continuous pre-refining of molten pig iron
US3015554A (en) * 1957-04-18 1962-01-02 Rummel Roman Method and device for carrying out metallurgical processes, particularly air refining processes

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE472919C (de) * 1926-08-05 1929-03-08 Heinrich Tholen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Veredeln, Legieren und Schmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Eisen, in mehreren voneinander getrennten Stufen
GB836640A (en) * 1957-07-01 1960-06-09 Brymbo Steel Works Ltd An improved method and means for refining metal

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE252046C (de) *
US724770A (en) * 1902-05-31 1903-04-07 Frank E Young Art of making steel.
US723501A (en) * 1902-12-17 1903-03-24 Hermann Georges Christian Thofehrn Manufacture of steel.
US1032653A (en) * 1904-11-11 1912-07-16 Herman A Brassert Method of manufacturing steel.
US879480A (en) * 1906-04-30 1908-02-18 Edmund Von Maltitz Process for purifying iron.
US1034786A (en) * 1909-01-06 1912-08-06 American Electric Smelting And Engineering Company Process of producing alloy steel.
US1946873A (en) * 1928-09-18 1934-02-13 Ajax Metal Company Method for making stainless steel
US2611693A (en) * 1948-03-31 1952-09-23 Geyer Wallace Thomas Method for refining molten metal
US2603476A (en) * 1949-09-17 1952-07-15 Howard C Whiston Circular open hearth melting furnace
US2862810A (en) * 1950-02-02 1958-12-02 Alexandrovsky Georges Process and apparatus for reducing the silicon content and increasing the temperature of molten pig iron
GB744935A (en) * 1953-07-15 1956-02-15 Hutten Und Stahlverfahren Mit Method of and apparatus for the continuous production of purified iron from pig-iron
US2975047A (en) * 1956-11-07 1961-03-14 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Process for the continuous pre-refining of molten pig iron
US3015554A (en) * 1957-04-18 1962-01-02 Rummel Roman Method and device for carrying out metallurgical processes, particularly air refining processes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326671A (en) * 1963-02-21 1967-06-20 Howard K Worner Direct smelting of metallic ores
US3463472A (en) * 1963-02-21 1969-08-26 Conzinc Riotinto Ltd Apparatus for the direct smelting of metallic ores
US3356490A (en) * 1964-05-04 1967-12-05 Centre Nat Rech Metall Refining pig iron
US3459417A (en) * 1965-11-10 1969-08-05 B P Prezemyslu Hutniczego Bipr Furnace for the production of steel
US3452973A (en) * 1965-12-29 1969-07-01 Nippon Kokan Kk Vacuum degasifying apparatus with electromagnetic stirring means
US3634065A (en) * 1968-02-16 1972-01-11 Conzinc Riotinto Ltd Method for refining metals
US3980283A (en) * 1971-02-16 1976-09-14 Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Eisenhuttentechnik Mbh Apparatus for performing a continuous metallurgical refining process
EP0549798A4 (de) * 1990-09-18 1994-02-09 Vitold Marianovich Lupeiko

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT247889B (de) 1966-06-27
DE1224341B (de) 1966-09-08
BE610957A (fr) 1962-03-16
GB1004355A (en) 1965-09-15

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