US3217593A - Photographic reproduction apparatus - Google Patents

Photographic reproduction apparatus Download PDF

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US3217593A
US3217593A US205431A US20543162A US3217593A US 3217593 A US3217593 A US 3217593A US 205431 A US205431 A US 205431A US 20543162 A US20543162 A US 20543162A US 3217593 A US3217593 A US 3217593A
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Prior art keywords
support means
objective
positive
negative
relative
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Seizinger August
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
    • G03B27/34—Means for automatic focusing therefor
    • G03B27/36—Means for automatic focusing therefor by mechanical connections, e.g. by cam, by linkage

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  • the present invention relates to a photographic reproduction apparatus such as an enlarger which is capable of making not only enlargements but also photographic reproductions smaller than the negative from which the reproductions are made.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus such as an enlarger which is capable of making not only enlargements but also photographic reproductions smaller than the negative from which the reproductions are made.
  • negative is used to refer not only to black-and-white negatives but also to color transparencies, color-negatives and the like
  • positive is used to refer not only to light-sensitive paper on which black-and-white photographs are made but also to light-sensitive paper on which color photographs are made.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a photographic reproduction apparatus of the above type which can be set to provide enlargement ratios both greater and smaller than 1:1 while at the same time being far simpler than known structures which can accomplish this result.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a structure of this type which is capable of maintaining substantially constant the forces required to adjust the 3,217,593 Patented Nov. 16, 1965 "ice photographic reproduction apparatus throughout its entire range of adjustment so that in this way it is an eX- tremely simple matter to carry out the adjustments with exercise of relatively small forces.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to bring about the substantial equalizing of the forces acting on the structures which carry the objective, the negative, and the positive with a differential mechanism which is of an extremely simple construction, particularly as compared to conventional structures of this type.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide for a structure of the above type a means which will releasably hold the parts in their adjusted positions relative to each other.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide for a structure of the above type a means which will automatically compensate for unfavorable influences which would tend to create a substantial inequality in the forces required to be exerted for adjustment of the photographic reproduction apparatus.
  • the invention includes, in a photographic reproduction apparatus, an objectivesupport means which carries an objective, a positive-support means for supporting a positive on which the photographic reproduction is to be made, and a negative-support means for supporting the negative whose image is to be reproduced on the positive.
  • a connecting means interconnects the three support means in such a way that at least two of the support means move relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective.
  • iA focusing means acts on all three support means for maintaining the objective at all times in a position providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive.
  • a differential means acts on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces which are required to move the above mentioned two support means relative to each other and to the third support means.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the manner in which the objective and negative of a photographic reproduction apparatus move relative to each other and relative to a stationary positive in the region where the enlargement ratio is 1:1;
  • FIG. 2 graphically represents the adjusting forces, with and without a differential drive, with respect to the enlargement ratios
  • FIG. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the position of the parts when they provide an enlargement ratio of 10:1
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents the position of the parts when they provide an enlargement ratio of 1:1;
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the position of the parts when they provide an enlargement ratio of 1:10;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a structure according to the present invention providing an adjustment corresponding to that shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 shows the structure of FIG. 6 after it has been adjusted to provide the relationship shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 shows the structure of FIG. 6 after it has been adjusted to provide the relationship shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional illustration of a differential means used with the structure of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a photographic enlarger apparatus according to the invention wherein the differential means provides different transmission ratios on the parts controlled thereby;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective illustration of an enlarger according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of part of the structure shown in FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a sectional elevation illustrating a releasable holding means forming part of the structure of FIGS. 11 and 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a lever-type of differential drive capable of being used with the structure of the invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a band-andpulley type of differential drive capable of being used with the structure of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the plane P which indicates the plane in which the positive is located.
  • the plane 0 illustrates the plane in which the objective is located, and these planes are of course parallel to each other at all times, and finally the plane N indicates the plane in which the negative is located, these planes P,O,N' being planes of an enlarger apparatus all of which are perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective which is located at the plane 0'.
  • a focusing means is provided for maintaining, at all of the adjusted positions of the enlarger, the objective at a position where it will provide on the positive a sharp image of the negative, and this focusing means takes the form of a bell-crank I having the legs J and J and the turning axis 0 of the focusing means I is also located in the plane 0 of the objective.
  • the pivot point 0 of the focusing means I is located along the line 1 which extends parallel to the optical axis and of course perpendicular to the plane P',O',N.
  • the focusing means I locates the objective at a position relative to the positive and negative where the enlargement ratio is 1:1.
  • the legs J and J of the bell-crank I respectively pass at the points P and N through a straight line 2 which also extends parallel to the optical axis and which is spaced from the straight line 1 by a distance which is equal to the focal length of the objective.
  • the point P is located at the same distance 1 from the positive plane P, while the point N is also located at the same distance from the negative plane N.
  • the focusing means I will automatically maintain the relationship which is the relationship which the parts must have so as to provide proper focusing, and in this relationship x is equal to the distance between the negative and the objective minus the focal length of the objective, while y is equal to the distance between the positive and the objective minus the focal length of the objective, and f of course is equal to the focal length of the objective.
  • FIG. 1 The horizontal arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 corresponds substantially to the vertical arrangement illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown at N a force which acts on the negative carrier which is opposed by an equal force F, at the positive plane at the point P, the force N acting at the point N. Therefore, with the position of the parts indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 4, where the enlargement ratio is 1:1 there is practically no adjusting force at the point 0 assuming that the drive for carrying out the adjustments takes place at the point
  • FIG. 3 shows the position which the parts take when providing an enlargement ratio of 10:1, and in this position of the parts the force N is opposed by the forces 0 and P
  • the positive will have an image ten times greater than the negative.
  • FIG. 2 there is graphically illustrated therein the ratio of the forces acting on the objective 0,, to the forces acting on the negative N against til? w largement ratio v, and this enlargement ratio is shown extending from the ratio 10:1 down to the ratio 1:1 and then further down to the ratio 1:10 Where the positive will provide a reproduction ten times smaller than the negative.
  • the ratio O /N is O at the enlargement ratio 1:1.
  • the inverse ratio, namely N /O at the enlargement ratio 1:1 is equal to infinity.
  • FIGS. 68 there is schematically illustrated therein a structure according to the present invention.
  • the positive-support means 5 which locates the positive in the positive plane P
  • the negative support means which locates the negative in the plane N.
  • the objectivesupport means 8 Between the positive-support means 5 and the negative-support means 10 is located the objectivesupport means 8.
  • a connecting means connects the three support means for movement of at least two of the support means relative to each other and relative to the third support means in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the objective 9 which is carried by the objective-support means 8, as is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 6-8.
  • This connecting means in the illustrated example takes the form of the column 6 which is fixed to the positivesupport means 5 and extends therefrom parallel to the optical axis of the objective 9,
  • the negative-support means 10 is slidably supported by the column 6 for movement with respect thereto parallel to the optical axis
  • the objective-support means 8 is also slidably carried by the column 6 for movement parallel to the objective 9, so that in this way the column 6 forms a connecting means which, in the illustrated example, connects the negativesupport means 10 and the objective-support means 8 for movement relative to each other and relative to the positive-support means 5 in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the objective 9.
  • a differential means acts on the three support means 5, 8, and 10 so as to maintain substantially constant the forces acting thereon in order to adjust the enlarger through and beyond the enlargement ratio 1:1
  • this differential means includes the elongated rack 7 which is fixedly connected to and extends longitudinally along the column 6 parallel to the optical axis of the objective 9.
  • the differential means also includes an elongated rack 11 which is parallel to and overlaps the rack 7 and which is fixed to the negative-support means 10.
  • the differential means 13 int5 cludes the rotary shaft 12 which is supported for rotary movement by the objective-support means 8 in the illustrated example.
  • a handwheel which is not shown in FIGS. 6-8 is fixed to the shaft 12 in order to rotate the latter.
  • FIGS. 6-8 takes the form of the bell-crank I which has the legs J and J which are perpendicular to each other, as described above, and at the intersection of its legs the focusing means I is pivotally connected at the point 0 to the objective-support means 8.
  • the legs I and I respectively engage rollers which are respectively carried by the positive-support means 5 and the negative-support means 10 at distances from the planes P and N which are equal to the focal length f of the objective 9, so that it will be seen that the structure of FIGS. 6-8 conforms to that described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 3-5.
  • a biassing means acts on the negative-support means 10 to urge the latter to the right, as viewed in FIGS. 68, so as to maintain the roller at the point N in engagement with the leg J of the focusing means J, and this biassing means may be in the form of a spring or of a weight-and-pulley assembly which provides the relatively light force P acting on the negative-support means 10 in the manner shown in FIGS. 6-8.
  • a biassing means to provide the auxiliary force P is not required because of the direction in which the adjusting force is provided at the handle of the lever which is actuated by the operator, as described below.
  • the differential means 13 is further illustrated schematically in FIG. 9 where the handwheel 14 is shown fixed to the rotary shaft 12 which is supported for rotation by the objective-support means 8 as described above.
  • the shaft 12 fixedly carries intermediate its ends the spider 15 which supports for free rotary movement the pair of planetary gears 16 which respectively mesh with the pair of sun gears 17 and 18 which are supported for free rotation with respect to the shaft 12, the latter passing freely through axial bores of the gears 17 and 18, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • These gears 17 and 13 are fixed to the output gears 19 and 20, respectively, as by being formed integrally therewith, and these output gears 19 and 20 respectively mesh with the racks 11 and 7, as indicated in FIG. 9.
  • the operator can continue to turn the handwell 14 so that the shaft 12 continues to turn in a counterclockwise direction and the parts will move through the position shown in FIG. 7 with the negative plane moving away from the positive plane and the objective plane approaching the positive plane, and these operations can continue until the position of the parts shown in FIG. 8 is provided.
  • the only factor which changes substantially during the entire adjustment of the parts from the position of FIG. 6 through the position of FIG. 7 to that of FIG. 8 is that ratio of the movement of the pair of movable supports 8 and 10 relative to each other an relative to the stationary support means 5. This difference is of course compensated by the rotary movement of the planetary gears 16.
  • the lever arms provided by the planetary gears 16 are equal, these gears provide adjusting forces acting from the objective-support means 8 on the negative-support means 10 and on the positive-support means which are of equal magnitude.
  • the differential means illustrated in FIG. differs from that of FIG. 9 in that the pair of output gears 19' and have different diameters.
  • the rack 7 of the differential means is in the embodiment of FIG. 10 located directly on the column 6 while the rack 11' is spaced from the rack 7' in accordance with the difference between the radii of the gears 19 and 20.
  • FIG. 10 schematically illustrates two end positions of the apparatus, and in the solid-line illustrated position of FIG. 10 the enlargement ratio is 2:3, in other words less than 1:1 so that the positive provides a photograph smaller than the negative, while in the dotted-line position of the parts of FIG. 10 an enlargement ratio of 5.5 :1 is provided.
  • the base plate 22 is the positive-support means and carries the easel 23 on which the light-sensitive printing paper is mounted.
  • a flange 24 is fixed to the plate 22, and this flange is fixed to the bottom end of the vertical column 25 which is of rectangular cross section so that in this way the column 25 is fixed to and extends upwardly from the positivesupport means 22.
  • a carriage 26 of double-T configuration fixedly carries shafts which support for rotary movement four rollers 28 capable of rolling along the front and rear faces of the column 25, as is apparent from FIGS.
  • the carriage 26 has an arm 26a which fixedly carries the negative-support means 30 as well as the lamp housing 31, so that through the carriage 26 the negative-support means 30 is mounted for free movement along the column 25.
  • the carriage 27 has an arm 27a which fixedly carries the objective-support means 32 on which the objective 9 s mounted, so that the carriage 27 serves to connect the objective-support means 32 to the column 25 for free movement therealong.
  • the column 25 and the carriages 26 and 27 provide a connecting means connecting the negative-support means 30 and the objective-support means 32 for movement relative to each other and relative to the positive-support means 22 in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the objective 9, this optical axis of course extending parallel to the column 25.
  • An elongated coil spring 33 extends between and is connected to the arms 26a and 27a, this coil spring being under tension and serving to compensate for the weight of the parts 30 and 31.
  • a focusing bell-crank 21 is connected at the intersection O of its legs to the carriage 27 for pivotal movement with respect thereto, and for this purpose a pivot pin 34 is fixedly carried by the carriage 27 in front of the column 25 and this pin 34 pivotally supports the focusing means 21'.
  • the legs of the focusing means 21 are provided with elongated surfaces 35 and 36 on which rollers 37 and 33 respectively ride, and the roller 37 is turnably carried at N by the arm 26b of the carriage 26 while the roller 38 is turnably carried at P by the extension 2512 of the column 25.
  • the distance between the points P and N is less than the distance between the positive plane provided by the support means 22 and the negative plane provided by the support means 30 :by an amount equal to twice the focal length of the objective 9, and in addition the turning axis provided by the pivot 34 for the focusing means 21 is spaced fro-m the straight line which connects the points P and N by a distance equal to the focal length of the objective 9.
  • spacers 39 and screw members 40 serve to fixedly connect to the objective carriage 27 the triangular plate 41 which is in this Way fixed to the carriage 27 in the position spaced from and parallel thereto.
  • the carriage 27 and the plate 41 serve to support for rotary movement the shaft 12 of the differential means which corresponds to the structure shown in FIG. 9.
  • the rack 7 in this case is fixed directly to a side surface of the column 25 while the rack 11 is fixed to a side surface of the negative carriage 26.
  • the handwheel 14' has a bore which receives the shaft 12 and at this bore the handwheel 14' is provided with an integral radial projection 42 extending inwardly and providing a key which is received in the axial groove 43 formed in the shaft 12 so that in this way the handwheel 14 can move axially with respect to the shaft 12 but is constrained to turn with the shaft 12.
  • the handwheel 14' is provided with a ring of teeth 44 which are respectively adapted to enter in the spaces between a ring of teeth 45 carried by the plate 41, and a spring 46 surrounds the portion of the shaft 12 which is located in the bore 47 of the handwheel and engages a screw member 48 threadedly carried by the shaft 12 so that this spring urges the handwheel 14' to the left, as viewed in FIG. 13, so as to maintain the teeth 44 in mesh with the teeth 45, and these meshing teeth together with the assembly in the bore 47 of the handwheel 14' provide a releasable holding means for releasably holding the parts in the adjusted position.
  • FIG. 14 shows a particularly simple form of differential drive.
  • a lever-type of differential means is provided and includes the elongated lever 49 which is pivotally connected at N to the negativesupport means 10.
  • a slide member 50 is carried by the lever 49 for slidable movement longitudinally therealong and is formed with an opening which receives a pin which is fixed to the objective-support means so that in this way the lever 49 is connected at O to the objectivesupport means, and at its outer free end the lever is provided with a handle 51.
  • the rest of the structure of FIG. 14 corresponds to that described above.
  • the positive-support means which may be the same as that of FIG.
  • the support means 5' fixedly carries a vertical column on which the negative-support means 10' is vertically slid- .able and on which the objective-support means is also vertically slidable, and at a distance equal to the focal length of the objective the support means 5' carries a roller spaced from the positive plane by this latter distance and engaging one arm of the focusing bell-crank 21, while the negative-support means 10' carries a roller which at N engages the other arm of the bell-crank 21, this latter roller being spaced from the negative plane by a distance equal to the focal length of the objective.
  • the bell-crank 21 is of course pivotally connected to the objective-support means for movement therewith and the turning axis of the bell-crank on the objective-support means is spaced from the straight line connnecting the axes of the rollers which engage the legs of the bell-crank 21 by a distance equal to the focal length.
  • FIG. 15 A further embodiment of a differential drive is shown in FIG. 15, and this differential drive is a band-and-pulley type of differential drive.
  • the positive-support means 5 turnably carries a rotary drum 52 on which a thin steel band 53 is wound. From the drum or spool 52 the flexible steel band 53: passes upwardly to the pulley or roller 54 around which the band extends, and the free end of the band is fixed to an arm 55 which is fixed to the negative-support means 10" the pulley or roller 54 is turnably carried by the objective-support means 8".
  • the roller 54 which serves as the force-equalizing element for distributing the adjusting forces.
  • the operation is initiated by an unillustrated handwheel fixed to the shaft 56 which fixedly carries the drum 52.
  • the same releasable holding means shown in FIG. 13 may be used with the embodiment of FIG. 15 to hold the parts in their adjusted position, and the force which compensates for the weight of the negative-support means is indicated at F in FIG. 15, and this biasing means may be provided by a spring or by a pulley-and-weight assembly, as described above. In the embodiment of FIG. 15, however, the force P must be greater than the weight of the negative-support means 10" so as to maintain the band 53 under tension at all times.
  • FIG. 15 is the same as the other embodiments so that the positive-support means 5" fixedly carries an upwardly directed column on which the negative-support means 10" is slidable and on which the objective-support means 8" is also slidable, and of course pivoted to the objective-support means.
  • 8" is the focusing bell-crank whose legs respectively engage rollers connected to the positive and negative support means at distances from the positive and negative planes respectively equal to the focal length of the objective, and of course the pivot axis of the focusing bell-crank is spaced from the line which connects the axes of these rollers by a distance equal to the focal length, or as described above in connection with the other embodiments.
  • the releasable holding means need not be constructed in the manner described in detail above.
  • the turning or swinging of the handle 51 can be used to actuate a pawl which cooperates with a ratchet wheel turnable on an axis coinciding with the turning axis of the roller located at N.
  • a focusing means in the form of a bell-crank has been shown and described, other types of focusing devices are suited for use with the combination of the invention which provides force equalization through a differential drive.
  • a bell-crank type of focusing device instead of a bell-crank type of focusing device it is possible to use a pulley-and-band type of focusing device, a cam type of focusing device, or other known focusing devices which control the distances between the various parts of the enlarger.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a positive on which a reproduction is to be made, and a negative the image of which is to be reproduced on the positive; connecting means connecting at least two of said three support means to each other and to the third one of said support means for movement relative to each other and to said third support means along the optical axis of the objective; focusing means acting on said three support means for providing through the objective on the positive a sharp image of the photograph carried by the negative at all positions of said three support means relative to each other; and differential means operatively connected to one of said support means and acting on the other two support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces acting on said three support means during movement thereof relative to each other to provide different enlargement ratios.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a negative, and a positive on which an image of the negt-aive is to be reproduced; connecting means interconnecting said three support means for movement of at least two of said support means relative to each other and relative to the third one of said support means along the optical axis of the objective, said connecting means interconnecting said three support means for movement through and beyond the position of said three support means where the enlargement ratio is 1:1; focusing means acting on said three support means for maintaining them at all of their positions relative to each other at locations where the objective will provide on the positive a sharp image of the photograph carried by the negative; and differential means operatively connected to one of said support means and acting on the other two support means for steplessly adjusting said three support means relative to each other while moving them through a range which passes through the enlargement ratio of 1:1, said differential means maintaining substantially constant the forces which act on said three support means during movement thereof relative to each other.
  • objective-support means supporting an objective
  • positive-support means supporting a positive on which reproductions are to be made
  • negative-support means supporting a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive
  • connecting means connecting two of said support means to the third of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to said third support means along the optical axis of the objective
  • focusing means acting on the three support means for maintaining them in a position relative to each other, at all locations thereof, providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive
  • differential means carried by said objective-support means and acting on the other two support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces acting on all of said support means during movement thereof relative to each other.
  • said connecting means including an elongated rack fixed to said positive-support means and extending parallel to the optical axis and an elongated rack fixed to said negativesupport means and extending parallel to the optical axis, and said differential means including a pair of output gears respectively meshing with said racks.
  • objective-support means supporting an objective
  • positive-support means for supporting a positive on which a reproduction is to be made
  • negative-support mean-s for supporting a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive
  • connecting means connecting at least two of said support means to the third of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective, said connecting means including a pair of elongated racks respectively fixed to said two support means and extending parallel to the optical axis; focusing means acting on all three support means for maintaining the objective in a position relative to the positive and negative providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive at all positions of all three support means; and differential means carried by said third support means and acting on the other two support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces acting on all three support means during movement thereof relative to each other, said differential means including a rotary shaft turnably carried by said third support means, a spider fixed to said shaft for rotary movement therewith, a pair of planetary gears turn
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a negative, and a positive on which a reproduction of the negative is to be made; connecting means connecting at least two of said support means to the third support means for movement relative to each other and relative to said third support means along the optical axis of the objective; focusing means acting on all three support means to maintain said objective at a position relative to the positive and negative providing a sharp image of the negative on a positive; and differential means carried by one of the support means and acting with substantially equal transmission ratios on the other two support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces acting on all three support means during movement thereof relative to each other,
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a negative and a positive on which a reproduction of the negative is to be made, connecting means connecting at least two of said support means to the third support means for movement relative to each other and relative to said third support means along the optical axis of the objective; focusing means acting on all three support means to maintain said objective at a position relative to the positive and negative providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive; and differential means carried by one of said support means and acting on the other two support means with different transmission ratios, respectively, for moving all three support means relative to each other with substantially constant forces while compensating through the different transmission ratios for unfavorable reactions which would otherwise require unequal forces to act on the support means for moving them relative to each other.
  • objective-support means supporting an objective
  • positive-support means supporting a positive on which a reproduction is to be made
  • negative-support means for supporting a negative the image of which is to be reproduced on the positive
  • connecting means connecting at least two of said support means to the third support means for movement relative to each other and relative to said third support means along the optical axis of the objective
  • focusing means acting on all three support means to maintain at all times the objective in a position relative to the positive and negative providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive
  • differential means acting on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces applied to all three support means during movement of said two support means relative to each other and relative to the third support means, said differential means including a rotary pulley carried by said objective-support means and a band passing around said pulley and connected to the remaining two support means, respectively, one of said remaining two support means including a drum on which the band is wound.
  • said drum being turnably carried by said positive-support means and serving as an actuating element for actuating the differential means to adjust the position of all of said support means relative to each other.
  • objective-support means for carrying an objective
  • positive-support means for carrying a positive on which a reproduction is to be made
  • negative-support means for carrying a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive
  • connecting means connecting at least two of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective
  • focusing means acting on all three support means for maintaining 13 the objective at all times at a position providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive
  • differential means acting on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces required to move said two support means relative to each other and third support means, said differential means including a two-armed lever turnably connected to said objective-support means.
  • objective-support means supporting an objective
  • positive-support means for supporting a positive on which a reproduction is to be made
  • negative-support means for supporting a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive
  • connecting means connecting said objective-support means and said negative-support means to each other for relative movement with respect to each other and to said positive-support means for movement relative thereto; focusing means acting on all three support means for maintaining at all times the objective in a position relative to the negative and positive providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive
  • differential means cooperating with all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces acting on all three support means during movement of said objectivesupport means and said negative-support means relative to each other and relative to said positive-support means, said differential means including an elongated two-armed lever pivotally connected to said objective-support means, having one free end pivotally connected to said negativesupport means, and having an opposite free end adapted to be engaged by the operator for turning said lever so as to actuate the differential means.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, theree support means for respectively supporting an objective, a positive, and a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive; connecting means connecting at least two of said support means to the third support means for movement relative to each other and relative to said third support means along the optical axis of the objective; focusing means acting on all three support means for maintaining the objective at all times at a position providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive; differential means acting on the three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces required to move said two support means relative to each other and relative to said third support means; and releasable holding means operatively connected to at least one of said two support means for releasably holding the latter in an adjusted position.
  • said differential means including an actuating element which is moved in order to actuate the differential means, and said releasable holding means being operatively connected to said actuating element to be controlled thereby.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a positive, and a negative; connecting means connecting at least two of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective; focusing means acting on all three support means for maintaining the objective at all times at positions providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive; and differential means acting on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces required to move said two support means relative to each other and a third support means, said differential means including a rotary shaft and a manually engageable hand-wheel axially movable on said shaft but not rotatable with re- 1 1 spect thereto; and spring means urging said wheel to a position engaging an element which supports the shaft for rotary movement so as to releasably hold the three support means in an adjusted position relative to each other.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a positive, and a negative; connecting means connecting at least two of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective; focusing means acting on all three support means for maintaining the objective at all times at positions providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive; differential means acting on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces required to move said two support means relative to each other and a third support means, said differential means including a rotary shaft and a manually engageable hand-wheel axially movable on said shaft but not rotatable with respect thereto; and spring means urging said wheel to a position engaging an element which supports the shaft for rotary movement so as to releasably hold the three support means in an adjusted position relative to eath other, said handwheel and said element which supports the shaft for rotary movement respectively having releasable locking elements which engage each other when the spring means urges the hand wheel toward said element.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a positive, and a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive; connecting means connecting at least two of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective; bellcrank means acting on all three support means for maintaining the objective at all times in a position providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive; and differential means acting on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces required to move said two support means relative to each other and relative to the third support means.
  • a photographic reproduction apparatus in combination, three support means for respectively supporting an objective, a positive, and a negative an image of which is to be reproduced on the positive; connecting means connecting at least two of said support means for movement relative to each other and relative to the third support means along the optical axis of the objective; bellcrank means acting on all three support means for maintaining the objective at all times in a position providing a sharp image of the negative on the positive; and differential means acting on all three support means for maintaining substantially constant the forces required to move said two support means relative to each other and relative to the third support means, said bell-crank being pivotally connected to the support means for the objective.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Projection-Type Copiers In General (AREA)
  • Variable Magnification In Projection-Type Copying Machines (AREA)
  • Lens Barrels (AREA)
US205431A 1961-06-29 1962-06-26 Photographic reproduction apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3217593A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA37761A DE1147112B (de) 1961-06-29 1961-06-29 Fotografisches Reproduktionsgeraet oder Vergroesserungsgeraet mit kontinuierlicher Verstellung ueber das Abbildungsverhaeltnis 1:1 hinweg

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US3217593A true US3217593A (en) 1965-11-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317269A (en) * 1962-06-07 1967-05-02 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Autofocus linkage

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH658325A5 (de) * 1982-01-21 1986-10-31 Rudolf Boehme Vergroesserungsgeraet mit stetiger scharfeinstellung bei veraenderung der bildgroesse durch ein, ueber eine brueckenschaltung und einen verstaerker, gesteuertes objektiv.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1266111A (en) * 1914-05-23 1918-05-14 Thomas Arthur Evans Photograph-enlarging apparatus.
US1280638A (en) * 1917-01-24 1918-10-08 Eastman Kodak Co Copying and enlarging camera.
US2506347A (en) * 1946-12-04 1950-05-02 Davis Meyer Automatic camera focusing device
US2704484A (en) * 1955-03-22 Autofocusing device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2704484A (en) * 1955-03-22 Autofocusing device
US1266111A (en) * 1914-05-23 1918-05-14 Thomas Arthur Evans Photograph-enlarging apparatus.
US1280638A (en) * 1917-01-24 1918-10-08 Eastman Kodak Co Copying and enlarging camera.
US2506347A (en) * 1946-12-04 1950-05-02 Davis Meyer Automatic camera focusing device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3317269A (en) * 1962-06-07 1967-05-02 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Autofocus linkage

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DE1147112B (de) 1963-04-11

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