US3218942A - Manhole cover construction - Google Patents

Manhole cover construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3218942A
US3218942A US200182A US20018262A US3218942A US 3218942 A US3218942 A US 3218942A US 200182 A US200182 A US 200182A US 20018262 A US20018262 A US 20018262A US 3218942 A US3218942 A US 3218942A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cover
protuberances
seating surface
manhole cover
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US200182A
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English (en)
Inventor
Raquet Armin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GUSS- und ARMATURWERK KAISERSLAUTERN NACHF KARL BILLAND Firma
KAISERSLAUTERN GUSS ARMATUR
Original Assignee
KAISERSLAUTERN GUSS ARMATUR
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Application filed by KAISERSLAUTERN GUSS ARMATUR filed Critical KAISERSLAUTERN GUSS ARMATUR
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Publication of US3218942A publication Critical patent/US3218942A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
    • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to closures and is particularly directly to a manhole cover construction of the type wherein the manhole cover proper is supported by and seated on a seating surface of a frame or support member.
  • Manhole covers are generally made from cast iron and engage the supporting frame in a planar, tight-fitting and preferably rattle-free manner.
  • the interengaging hearing or contact surfaces of the cover and the seat-providing support are customarily machined with removal of chips so as to attain contact surfaces of desirable smooth and form-fitting characteristics.
  • the fit between the cover and the seating surface of the support becomes unsatisfactory and loose after some time.
  • prior art manhole covers arranged on streets and highways start rattling after a short period of use, particularly in locations of heavy traffic.
  • the cover is easily rotated about its axis so that when a Vehicle passes over the cover and thus a certain rotation force is created, the cover tends to rotate, thereby again causing wear and untightness of the fit between the cover and the supporting frame. For this reason, this prior art construction has not met success in practice as the undesired rattling phenomenon is not prevented thereby.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide for a novel manhole cover construction which does not require machining of the interengaging contact surfaces of the cover and the seating surface.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a rattlefree manhole cover construction which is of simple design and can be manufactured in a minimum of time.
  • the manhole cover construction comprises the usual manhole cover and a supporting frame having a seating surface to be engaged by the marginal or rim portion of the cover.
  • the rim portion of the cover and the seating surface are provided with interlocking or interengaging formations which, once the cover has been placed on the seating surface, provide for a tight and snug fit between the frame and the cover and prevent undesired movement in horizontal planes.
  • the interengaging formations referred to include male projecting members or protuberances on one of the cover and seating surface and complementarily shaped female members or depressions provided on the other one of said cover and seating surface.
  • the male and female members are preferably uniformly arranged at equal distances in the circumferential direction of the cover construction.
  • the male members are arranged on the cover while the female members are provided on the seating surface.
  • the male and female members are preferably shaped in such a manner that the generally vertically extending side or lateral surfaces of the male and female members contact each other at least partly in form-fitting manner while the generally horizontal base and head surfaces, by contrast, define a small distance therebetween. In this manner, a construction is obtained having a relatively large total contact surface which is capable of absorbing heavy loads without causing displacement or deformation.
  • the interengaging male and female members furthermore provide a tight fit in each direction and acting on all sides, so that rattling is effectively prevented.
  • the symmetrical uniform spacing of the meshing or interengaging cover and frame support elements can be readily accomplished by present-day pattern techniques that interchangeability of the components can be effected without difficulty.
  • the interengaging contact surfaces between the cover and the supporting frame may be of various shapes as will appear from the several embodiments to be described hereinafter.
  • the generally vertically extending surfaces of the interengaging male and female members are inclined or slanted and the inclination of the male member is different from that of the corresponding female member so that the angle embraced by two opposing surfaces is unequal.
  • point or linear contact between the opposing surfaces of the male and female members may be accomplished.
  • Such point or linear contact is of great advantage in many instances as it results in relatively large surface loads. In this manner, unevennesses emanating from the original manufacture are readily eliminated after the cover has been subjected to a load of a passing vehicle or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through a first embodiment of a manhole cover construction in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the construction of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a corresponding plan view on the supporting frame with the cover removed;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the bottom side of the cover of a different embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of trapezoidally shaped male and female members
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical section through a construction embodying the interengaging formations of FIG. 5;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 fragmentarily illustrate an embodiment with radially extending interengaging formations, FIG. 7 illustrating the supporting frame and FIG. 8 the cover;
  • FIG. 9 shows a different embodiment of interengaging formations
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical section through a construction embodying the formations of FIG. 9;
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are views corresponding to FIGS. 7 and 8, employing a different embodiment of interlocking formations
  • FIG. 13 is a vertical section through an embodiment employing interlocking formations of the kind illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15;
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 are views corresponding to FIGS. 7 and 8 employing different interlocking formations
  • FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 correspond to the views of FIGS.
  • FIG. 19 is a vertical section through still another embodiment
  • FIG. 20 shows on the left-hand side a plan view of the construction of FIG. 19, while the right-hand side illustrates the supporting frame with the cover removed;
  • FIG. 21 is an enlarged elevation in diagrammatic form of the contact between cover and the seating surface of the supporting frame.
  • FIG. 1 shows a manhole cover construction 50 comprising a manhole cover D proper and a supporting frame R having a seat-providing portion 10.
  • the frame R is secured in the usual manner to concrete, stone or the like material 12.
  • the cover D comprises a central portion 14 and a marginal rim portion 16.
  • the cover D is also provided with the usual holes and patterns as indicated by reference numeral 18.
  • the cover D is equipped with a plurality of downwardly projecting protuberances or male members 20, While the seating surface 10 is shaped so as to form substantially complementarily shaped depressions or female members 22.
  • the male members 20 which are spaced at equal distances circumeferentially around the rim portion 16 are shaped so that the free end surface of the male members 20 does not engage the bottom or base of the female members 22, but is spaced therefrom. By contrast, a substantial portion of the side surfaces of the male and female members are in contact with each other to provide for a secured fit. It will also be noted that the inner defining wall 24 for the female members 22 projects upwardly into a depressed portion 30 of the rim portion 16 adjacent the male member 20 whereby additional hearing contact between the cover D and the seating surface 10 is provided.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 showing the lid positioned on the seating surface 10.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view on the supporting frame R showing the female members which in this figure are indicated by reference numeral A, while the meander-like web extending between the depressions or female members is indicated by S.
  • FIG. 4 is a view on the bottom side of a manhole cover, wherein the marginal or rim portion is provided with a plurality of evenly spaced male protuberances arranged in a wafiie-like pattern.
  • the individual male members H have a substantially rectangular cross section.
  • the protuberances H have the form of truncated pyramids, while the corresponding depressions or female members are shaped so that the opposing lateral surfaces of female and male members will at least partially contact each other while the top of the pyramids and the bottom of the depressions are spaced from each other.
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically indicates trapezoidally shaped protuberances H engaging in corresponding depressions
  • FIG. 6 is a corresponding vertical section employing this variation of the interlocking formations.
  • the male and female members H extend in radial manner, FIG. 8 showing the bottom side of the cover.
  • the protuberances H on the cover engage between the protuberances on the seating surface of the frame.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a construction wherein the embodiment of FIG. 9 has been employed.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate a variation wherein substantially triangularly shaped protuberances extend radially as seen in the drawings.
  • truncated cones H are used as male members which en- 5. gage in correspondingly shaped depressions on the seating surface of the frame, the depressions being indicated by A.
  • the individual members are arranged in staggered or offset relationship as seen in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • an endless strip L projects in sineshape formation from the underside of the cover D.
  • the cross section of this strip is substantially trapezoidal.
  • This strip or band L is received in a complementarily shaped groove or female member N as seen in FIG. 17.
  • the vertical section through this embodiment can be viewed in FIG. 16. Again, it will be noted that a distance 40 is defined between the bottom of the groove N and the free top surface of the strip L.
  • the frame member a again supports the cover b.
  • Both the cover b and also the frame a are provided in the region of the bearing surfaces with projecting protuberances or male members and d which may be shaped in any suitable manner.
  • the protuberances have to be formed so that contaminations, such as dirt or small pebbles, cannot lodge themselves in between the contact surfaces. According to the invention, this feature is obtained by providing sufficient space adjacent the bearing surfaces so that these adjacent spaces are capable of receiving the contaminations.
  • FIG. 20 shows the construction of FIG. 19 in plan view, while the right-hand side illustrates the same construction with the cover removed.
  • the upstanding protuberances provided on the seating surface of the supporting frame can be clearly seen.
  • FIG. 21 is an enlarged diagrammatic elevation of the contact picture between the cover and the frame.
  • a indicates the frame, while b refers to the cover.
  • 0 indicates the protuberances of the frame a. It will be noted that these protuberances are distributed over the circumference of the seating surface of the frame at equal distances.
  • d indicates the protuberances of the cover b which are distributed with the same uniformity.
  • the protuberances c and d are shaped so that the adjacent surfaces interengage or contact each other along a point or line only. This point or line contact has been indicated by reference letter e.
  • the lateral surfaces that is, the bearing surfaces of the protuberances of both the frame and of the cover, are slanted in different manner. In other words, they define different angles as is clearly visible in FIG. 21.
  • the contact surfaces of the protuberances d of the cover 12 enclose with the vertical axis an angle 8, while the contact surface of the protuberances c of the frame encloses the angle a. It can also be recognized from FIG. 21 that at the location 1, sufficient space is available to accommodate dirt and the like contaminations so that the presence of such contaminations will not affect the contact between the cover and the frame as indicated at reference letter e. This, of course, is of great advantage as the presence of contaminations cannot be avoided,
  • the point or linear contact has the further advantage that a particularly high bearing pressure takes place at the contact area c. This, in turn, means that if, in spite of the many bearing contact possibilities, contact should be established at two points only, then, due to the high bearing pressure, substantially immediate wear will take place at two points e upon application of heavy loads. Even if this wear amounts to a fraction of a millimeter only, a third bearing or contact point e will result. As soon as this third point e has been reached, any rattling will, of course, again be prevented.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular shape of a manhole cover construction.
  • the construction may be circular, rectangular or the like.
  • a manhole cover construction comprising a supporting frame presenting a seating surface, a manhole cover having a circumferential rim portion in register with said seating surface, a plurality of protuberances substantially equidistantially spaced on said rim portion and depending therefrom, each protuberance having a free end surface and inclined sides, said seating surface having a plurality of substantially equidistantially spaced depressions, each depression being defined by a bottom surface and inclined sides, the inclined sides of said protuberances and said depressions including different angles, whereby said protuberances upon engagement in said depressions contact the sides of said depressions along points and lines only and a clearance is formed between said end surfaces and said bottom surfaces.
  • a manhole cover construction comprising a supporting means presenting a seating surface, a manhole cover having a circumferential rim portion in register with said seating surface to be supported thereby, a plurality of protuberances on one of said seating surface and said rim portion, said protuberances being spaced at substantially equal distances and having inclined external side surfaces and a substantially horizontally extending free end surface, the other one of said seating surface and said rim portion being formed with a plurality of depressions defined by inclined walls and a substantially horizontally extending bottom surface, the inclination of said walls being different from the inclination of said side surfaces, said protuberances being capable of engaging into said depressions so as to form a clearance between the bottom surfaces of the depressions and the free end surfaces of the protuberances, the inclined side surfaces of said protuberances contacting the inclined walls of said depressions at selected points.
  • a manhole cover construction comprising a supporting frame presenting a seating surface, a manhole cover having a circumferential rim portion in register with said seating surface, a plurality of protuberances with inclined external side surfaces and a free end surface arranged on one of said seating surface and said rim portion, and a plurality of shaped depression means having a bottom surface and inclined side surfaces on the other one of said rim portion and said seating surface, said protuberances being capable of engagement in said depression means so as to define a clearance between the free end surface and the bottom surface, the inclination of the side surfaces of the depression means being different from that of the side surfaces of the protuberances, whereby point and linear contact between said protuberances and said depression means occurs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
US200182A 1961-06-06 1962-06-05 Manhole cover construction Expired - Lifetime US3218942A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEG32410A DE1292590B (de) 1961-06-06 1961-06-06 Schachtabdeckung

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US3218942A true US3218942A (en) 1965-11-23

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US200182A Expired - Lifetime US3218942A (en) 1961-06-06 1962-06-05 Manhole cover construction

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US (1) US3218942A (de)
AT (1) AT255990B (de)
BE (1) BE618621R (de)
DE (1) DE1292590B (de)
GB (1) GB1006101A (de)
LU (1) LU49413A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4174183A (en) * 1977-03-01 1979-11-13 Self-Level Covers Aktiengesellschaft Support frame
US4197031A (en) * 1977-09-14 1980-04-08 Manfred Hild Adjustable manhole cover
US4498804A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-02-12 Selflevel Covers (Jersey) Limited Manhole/access cover and frame assemblies
US4762440A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-08-09 Toby Argandona Spill containment device
US20060088378A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2006-04-27 Saint Gobain Pam Frame for a recess in the ground and manhole assembly
US8858114B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2014-10-14 Chris Gaspar Adjustable support apparatus for a utility access cover
CN113589748A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-11-02 山东科华电力技术有限公司 一种基于电力物联网的分布式智能边缘物联井盖监控系统

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1784151B1 (de) * 1968-07-11 1972-03-16 Guss Und Armaturenwerk Kaisers Schachtabdeckung
FR2300852A1 (fr) * 1975-02-11 1976-09-10 Sambre & Meuse Usines Tampon pour regard circulaire et regard muni de ce tampon
EP0081009A1 (de) * 1981-12-09 1983-06-15 Ballast-Nedam Groep N.V. Strassenaufsatz bestehend aus einem Deckel und Auflagemitteln für diesen Deckel
NO834372L (no) * 1982-11-27 1984-05-28 Selflevel Covers Ag Mannhull-konstruksjon
FR2556017B1 (fr) * 1983-12-02 1986-12-19 Selflevel Covers Ag Perfectionnements apportes a un couvercle de trou d'homme ou bouche d'acces et son cadre-support
FR2564158B1 (fr) * 1984-05-09 1986-10-31 Foucaud Jacques Dispositif pour maintenir en place une surface par rapport a une autre et son procede de realisation
DE29802438U1 (de) * 1998-02-12 1998-05-20 Pilz-Scriba, Tobias, Dipl.-Kaufm., 82065 Baierbrunn Schachtabdeckung

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US689224A (en) * 1901-12-17 Manhole-frame
US797585A (en) * 1905-03-28 1905-08-22 Frederick Kees Coal-hole cover.
US1364422A (en) * 1918-03-14 1921-01-04 Albert B Selley Manhole-top
GB201018A (en) * 1922-07-08 1923-07-26 Bryan Adams Improvements in manhole covers and the like
US1859739A (en) * 1931-01-14 1932-05-24 Neenah Foundry Company Manhole closure
GB374697A (en) * 1931-08-22 1932-06-16 Harry Roper Improvements relating to manhole and like covers and frames
GB535177A (en) * 1939-08-29 1941-04-01 Dudley & Dowell Ltd Improvements in or relating to gratings and covers for drains
US2997932A (en) * 1957-08-06 1961-08-29 William W Taylor Manhole structure
US3046853A (en) * 1959-03-02 1962-07-31 Legendre Cyrille Manhole closure

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB357163A (en) * 1930-06-17 1931-09-17 Ernest Albert Wood An improved manhole or like cover and frame

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US689224A (en) * 1901-12-17 Manhole-frame
US797585A (en) * 1905-03-28 1905-08-22 Frederick Kees Coal-hole cover.
US1364422A (en) * 1918-03-14 1921-01-04 Albert B Selley Manhole-top
GB201018A (en) * 1922-07-08 1923-07-26 Bryan Adams Improvements in manhole covers and the like
US1859739A (en) * 1931-01-14 1932-05-24 Neenah Foundry Company Manhole closure
GB374697A (en) * 1931-08-22 1932-06-16 Harry Roper Improvements relating to manhole and like covers and frames
GB535177A (en) * 1939-08-29 1941-04-01 Dudley & Dowell Ltd Improvements in or relating to gratings and covers for drains
US2997932A (en) * 1957-08-06 1961-08-29 William W Taylor Manhole structure
US3046853A (en) * 1959-03-02 1962-07-31 Legendre Cyrille Manhole closure

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4174183A (en) * 1977-03-01 1979-11-13 Self-Level Covers Aktiengesellschaft Support frame
US4197031A (en) * 1977-09-14 1980-04-08 Manfred Hild Adjustable manhole cover
US4498804A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-02-12 Selflevel Covers (Jersey) Limited Manhole/access cover and frame assemblies
US4762440A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-08-09 Toby Argandona Spill containment device
US20060088378A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2006-04-27 Saint Gobain Pam Frame for a recess in the ground and manhole assembly
US8858114B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2014-10-14 Chris Gaspar Adjustable support apparatus for a utility access cover
CN113589748A (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-11-02 山东科华电力技术有限公司 一种基于电力物联网的分布式智能边缘物联井盖监控系统
CN113589748B (zh) * 2021-09-29 2021-12-14 山东科华电力技术有限公司 一种基于电力物联网的分布式智能边缘物联井盖监控系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1292590B (de) 1969-04-10
AT255990B (de) 1967-07-25
LU49413A1 (de) 1965-11-03
BE618621R (fr) 1962-10-01
GB1006101A (en) 1965-09-29

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