Classifications

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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/042—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
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  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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  • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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  • C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
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  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
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  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
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  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
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  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy

Definitions

• This invention relates to lubricating grease compositions useful at very high temperatures. More particularly, it relates to clay-thickened greases which are capable of use in high-temperature applications, and which are, at the same time, resistant to disintegration in the presence of water.
• colloidal gelling or thickening agents to be employed are especially selected for use in high-temperature grease compositions due to their relatively inert character at these high operating temperatures. While clays of low base exchange capacity, such as Georgia clay, Attapulgite and the like, may be utilized, it is preferred that a high base exchange clay, such as Wyoming bentonite or Hectorite, be employed.
• Lubricants to be employed at temperatures in excess of about 400 F. are those having an inherent high thermal stability including the halocarbons and organo-silicone fluids.
• the halocarbons may be those described in Peterson et a1 patent, US. 2,679,479, and include especially the fluorocarbon oils, preferably distilling above about 200 C. at atmospheric pressure.
• the most useful class of lubricants for grease compositions to be utilized at temperatures in excess of about 400 F. include the organo substituted silicone fluids of lubricating oil viscosity.
• the unreactive, thermally stable silicone fluids which will generally be of the following types.
• silicone fluids in addition to being the most thermally stable, are also the most readily available in commercial quantities. Methyl phenyl fluids are particularly preferred because of their still greater thermal stability.
• the polyepoxides used in the process of the invention comprise those organic materials possessing more than one Vic-epoxy group, i.e., more than one o C C group and having no groups highly reactive to water. These materials'may be saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic. They should not, howevempossess groups, such as isocyanate groups, which are highly reactive toward water.
• the epoxy equivalency will be integers, such as 2, 3, 4 and the like.
• polymeric type polyepoxides many of the materials may contain some of the monomeric monoepoxides or have some of their epoxy groups hydrated or otherwise reacted and/or contain macromolecules of somewhat different molecular weight so that epoxy equivalent values may be quite low and contain fractional values.
• the polymeric material may, for example, have epoxy equivalent values, such as 1.5, 1.8, 2.5 and the like.
• polyepoxides examples include, among others, l,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)benzene, l,3-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)benzene, 4,4-bis(2,3-propoxy)diphenyl e-ther, 1,8- bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)octane, 1,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy) cyclohexane, 4,4'-bis(2-methoxy-3,4-epoxybutoxy)-diphenyl dimethylmethane, 1,3-bis(4,5-epoxypentoxy)-5- chlorobenzene, 1,4-bis 3 ,4-epoxybutoxy -2-chlorocyclohexane, 1,3-bis(2-methoxy-3,4-epoxybutoxy)benzene, and 1,4-bis(2-methoxy-4,5-epoxypentoxy)benzene.
• polyhydric phenols obtained by reacting a polyhydric phenol with a halogen-containing epoxide or dihalohydrin in the presence of an alkaline medium.
• Polyhydric phenols that can be used for this purpose include, among others, resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone, methyl resorcinol, or polynuclear phenols, such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphen-ol A), 2,2 bis(4 hydroxyphenyl) butane, 4,4 dihydroxybenzophenone, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane and 1,5- dihydroxynaphthalene.
• resorcinol catechol
• hydroquinone methyl resorcinol
• polynuclear phenols such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphen-ol A), 2,2 bis(4 hydroxyphenyl) but
• halogen-containing epoxides may be further exemplified by 3-chloro-l,2epoxybutane, 3-bromo-1,2-epoxyhexane, 3-chloro-1,2-epoxyoctane; and the like.
• the monomer products produced by this method from dihydric phenols and epichlorohyd-rin may be represented by the general formula wherein R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical of the dihydric phenol.
• the polymeric products will generally not be a single simple molecule but will be a complex mixture of glycidyl polyethers of the general formula wherein R is a divalent hydrocarbon radical of the dihydric phenol and n is an integer of the series 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. While for any single molecule of the polyether n is an integer, the fact that the obtained polyether is a mixture of compounds causes the determined value for n t-o be an average which is not necessarily zero or a whole number.
• the amine curing agents to be used with the abovedescribed polyepoxides in the process of the invention to convert the polyepoxide to an insoluble, infusible form are preferably organic materials possessing a plurality of amino hydrogen, i.e., a plurality of groups wherein N is an amino nitrogen.
• organic materials possessing a plurality of amino hydrogen i.e., a plurality of groups wherein N is an amino nitrogen.
• N is an amino nitrogen.
• Aliphatic polyamines coming under special consideration are the alkylene polyamines of the formula wherein R is an alkylene radical, or a hydrocarbon-substituted alkylene radical, and n is an integer of at least one, there being no upper limit to the number of alkylene groups in the molecule.
• Especially preferred aliphatic polyamines comprise the polyethylene polyamines of the formula HzN ⁇ CH2CH2 1 n wherein n is an integer varying from about 2 to 8.
• the polyethylene polyamines comprising 20-80% by weight of polyethylene polyamines having average molecular weights in the range of 200500.
• These high molecular weight polyethylene polyamines normally start with tetraethylene pentamine and having related higher polymers which increase in complexity with increasing molecular weights.
• the remaining -20% of the mixture is diethylene triamine employed in such proportions that the mixture is fiuid at about room temperature (60-90" F.).
• the mixture of high molecular weight polyethylene polyamines is normally obtained as a bottom product in the process for the preparation of ethylene diamine. Consequently, it normally constitutes a highly complex mixture and even may include small amounts (less than about 3% by Weight) of oxygenated materials.
• a typical mixture o-f polyethylene polyamines diluted with about 25% diethylene triamine has the following analysis:
• Polyamine H This mixture of polyamines will be referred to hereinafter as Polyamine H.
• polyamines possessing cycloaliphatic ring or rings such as, for example, l-cyclohexylamino-B-aminopropane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclopentane, di(aminocyclohexyl) -methane, di (aminocyclohexyl)sulfone, l,3-di(aminocyclohexyl)propane, 4-isopropyl-1,Z-diaminocyclohexane, 2,4-diaminocyclohexane, N,N-diethyl-1,4-diaminocyclohexane, and the like.
• cycloaliphatic ring or rings such as, for example, l-cyclohexylamino-B-aminopropane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diamin
• Preferred members of this group comprise those polyamines having at least one amino or alkyl-substituted amino group attached directly to a cycloaliphatic ring containing from 5 to 7 carbon atoms. These cycloaliphatic amines are preferably obtained by hydrogenating the corresponding aromatics amine. Thus di(aminocyc'lohexyl)methane is obtained by hydrogenating methylene dianiline.
• organo-metallic compounds such as those having a silicon or boron atom or atoms linked to amino or substituted amino groups.
• the compounds may also be those organo-metallic compounds wherein the amino group or substituted amino group or groups are attached to carbon, such as in the alkoxysilylpropylamines as triethoxysilylpropylamines.
• Still another group comprises the aminoalkyl-substituted aromatic compounds, such as, for example, di(aminoethyl) benzene, di(aminomethyl)benzene, tri(aminoethyl) benzene, tri(aminobutyl)naphthalene and the like.
• Still another group comprises the polymeric polyamines, such as may be obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing unsaturated amines, such as allyl amine or diallyl amine, alone or with other ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
• polymeric products may also be obtained :by forming polymers or copolymers having groups reactive with amines, such as, for example, aldehyde groups, as present on acrolein and methacrolein polymers, and reacting these materials with monomeric amines to form the new polymeric polyamine-s.
• Still other polymeric amines can be formed by preparing polymers containing ester groups, such as, for example, a copolymer of octadecene-l and methyl acrylate, and then reacting this with a polyamine so as to effect an exchange of an ester group for an amide group and leave the other amine group or groups free.
• ester groups such as, for example, a copolymer of octadecene-l and methyl acrylate
• N-(aminoalkyl) piperazines such as, for example, N-aminobutylpiperazine, N-aminoisopropyl-3-butoxypiperazine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, 2,5-dibutyl-N-aminoethyl-piperazine, 2,5- dioctyl-N-aminoisobutylpiperazine and the like.
• N-(aminoa-lkyl) piperazines where the alkyl group in the aminoalkyl portion of the molecule contains no more than 6 carbon atoms, and the total molecule contains no more than 18 carbon atoms.
• Various monoamines may also be used, among which are secondary amines such as dimethylamine, diethy-lamine, dipropylamine dibutylamine, d'i(tert-butyl)amine, dinonylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diallylarnine, dibenzylamine, methylethylamine, ethylcyclohexylamine and the like.
• secondary amines such as dimethylamine, diethy-lamine, dipropylamine dibutylamine, d'i(tert-butyl)amine, dinonylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diallylarnine, dibenzylamine, methylethylamine, ethylcyclohexylamine and the like.
• a curing amount of epoxide curing agent ranges from as little as 0.5 to as high as five times the stoichiometric amount required to react completely with the epoxide. From about 0.8 to about four times the stoichiometric value is preferred, however; and from about one to two times the stoichiometric value isstill further preferred for effective curing.
• the relative amountof curing agent is not expressed relative to stoichiometric value, but on a relative Weight basis.
• an amount of curing agent equivalent to 0.1 to 30% by weight of the polyepoxide has been found to be effective. Amounts from about 5% to about by weight are preferred, however.
• Amine curing agents having active hydrogen groups are those which have at least one replaceable hydrogen atom on one or more nitrogen atoms contained in the molecule.
• the weight ratio of the resin to the clay be confined to certain limits. Specifically, it has been found that if the resin-to-clay ratio is less than 0.7, the grease may become too fluid upon prolonged exposure to high-temperature operating conditions.
• a resin-to-clay weight ratio of between 1.0 and 1.5 is especially preferred. Though larger amounts of resin, up to five times the clay weight, may be used, the effectiveness of such heavily coated clay to form a stable grease structure is reduced thereby.
• the grease compositions of the invention may, however, be prepared by either direct or indirect transfer of the resin-coated clay from an aqueous phase to an oil phase. Whatever procedures may be used, all have in common the preparation of an aqueous slurry of the clay prior to forming the resin thereon. It is, however, a necessary limitation to the a compositions of the invention that they be prepared from an aqueous clay dispersion which has been acidified with a strong mineral acid.
• the aqueous dispersion or suspension may be a fairly non-viscous slurry or it may be in the form of a hydrogel.
• the form of the dispersion is not an essential aspect of the invention, the preferred clays do form a hydrogel upon dispersion in Water.
• the clay be dispersed to yield a hydrogel containing between about 0.25% and about 3% by Weight of dry clay, based on the hydrogel before mechanical separation of water therefrom. This percentage is based upon dry weight of de-gangued clay and not upon the dry weight of clay containing naturally occurring contaminants.
• the clay is largely dispersed throughout the entire body of the Water in which it is incorporated, it is in the form of jelly-like colloidal globules which can be isolated by mechanical separation from a large part of the water to yield a clay hydrogel of substantially increased clay content Without shrinking the expanded colloidal structure of the clay.
• mechanical separation is meant any process for the separation of water from the colloid which does not involve a change in physical state such as occurs in normal evaporation methods and the like. Consequently, mechanical separation normally includes filtration techniques and accelerated substitutes therefor, such as centrifuging. This mechanical separation is performed subsequent to the addition to the clay hydrogel of the above-described resinforming compounds.
• the mechanical separation can take place at any desired temperature, room temperature being that preferably employed, although any temperature up to that of the boiling point of water may be utilized.
• a minor amount of a strong mineral acid to the clay dispersion prior to incorporation of the resin-forming compounds. More particularly, the acid must be added in an amount at least sufficient to acidify the surfaces of the clay particles.
• the quantitative amount of acid to acidify the clay i.e., to replace all the basic metals (mostly sodium, potassium and calcium) contained on the clay will vary, depending upon the acid which is used and the base exchange capacity of the clay.
• the amount of acid must be at least 7% by weight of the dry clay. Larger amounts of acid can be used, but no further advantage is obtained thereby, and the excess must be removed before milling of the grease.
• phosphoric acid is the preferred strong mineral acid, other mineral acids such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acid may be employed.
• the preferred process for making the grease compositions of the invention is as follows: (1) forming an aqueous colloidal suspension (hydrosol) of degangued clay (usually a hydrogel); (2) admixing with the hydrogel a mineral acid to acidify the clay surfaces and the resinforming coreactants; (3) heating the admixture of hydrogel, resin-forming coreactants to at least the boiling point of water and maintaining the admixture at such tempera ture for a period of at least ten minutes; (4) filtering the reaction mixture to remove at least about 50% of the water therefrom; (5) mixing with the filtered residue (pearls) the lubricating base oil; (6) substantially dehydrating the mixture of residue and base oil by heating to a temperature of at least 250 F.; and (7) milling the dehydrated admixture to form a grease.
• An alternative to the above process is to add at least about half of the lubricating base oil to the admixture of hydrosol and resin-forming compounds prior to heating the admixture to effect curing of the polyepoxide resin.
• this procedure may facilitate later removal of the water from the reacted admixture.
• an excess of acid is employed over that which is necessary to acidify the clay, it is necessary to remove the excess acid from the mixture of grease ingredients. This is preferably and most simply done by washing the filter residue (pearls) with hot water followed by refiltration of the residue. This acid removal step is, of course, necessary to assure that the final grease product is not corrosive to materials on which it may be used for lubrication.
• the following example illustrates the best method of preparing the grease compositions of the invention, as well as the important effect of epoxide-amine ratio and polymer-clay ratio on the high-temperature properties of the grease prepared therefrom.
• Example 1 Six polyepoxide coated clay greases were prepared in which piperidine was employed as the curing agent for a glycidyl polyester of Bisphenol A having an epoxy equivalent of 170 and a molecular weight of 340.
• Example ll Several polyepoxide coated clay greases were prepared using different amines from both the active hydrogen and catalytic class of amine curing agents. As in Example I, the epoxide was glycidyl polyester of Bisphenol A having an epoxy equivalent of 170 and a molecular weight of 340. The same preparation procedure as Example I was employed. The results were as follows:
• B Aminoethyl piperazine.
• C Aminoethyl prperazine plus an equivalent part of 4,4-methylene bisphenol isoeyanate.
• D Diethylenetriarnine.
• the high-temperature test comprised heating a thinfilm sample of the grease on a smooth fiat plate in the Example III Using the rocess of Example I, an epoxide resin-coated clay-thickened grease was prepared in which a polymer of the condensation product of polyamines and dibasie acids was used as a curing agent. This material is compresence of air for 300 hours at 450 F., after which the weight loss of each sample was measured and the texture of the grease was observed. The results of these tests were as follows:
• a grease composition consisting essentially of a 32 major amount of a lubricating base oil gelled to a grease consistency with a colloidally dispersed clay, said clay bearing on the surfaces thereof from at least about 0.7 to about 5 parts by weight, basis dry clay, of a polyepoxide Excluding weight of resin coating.
• Each of the four samples were soft and plastic at the resin produced by curing a polyepoxide possessing more than one vic-epoxy group with an organic amine curing agent, the ratio of organic amine to polyepoxide being from 0.5 to times the stoichiometric amount required to react completely-the polyepoxide said resin having formed in the presence of a mineral acid in an amount at least sufiicient to acidity the surfaces of the clay.
• composition of claim 1 in which the organic amine curing agent is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines and compounds containing both primary and secondary amine groups, the ratio of organic amine to polyepoxide being from about 0.8 to about 4 times the stoichiometric amount required to react completely the polyepoxide.
• composition of claim 2 in which the ratio of organic amine to polyepoxide is from about 1 to 2 times the stoichiometric amount required to react completely the polyepoxide.
• composition of claim 4 in which the ratio of organic amine to polyepoxide is from about 5 to 15% by weight of the polyepoxide.
• composition of claim 1 in which the lubricating base oil is a liquid organo-silicone polymer.
• composition of claim 1 in which the lubricating base oil is a methyl phenyl polysiloxane oil.
• composition of claim 1 in which the lubricating base oil is dimethyl polysiloxane oil.
• composition of claim 1 in which the lubricating base oil is a mixture of isomers of bis(phenoxy phenoxy phenoxy) benzene.
• a process for the preparation of polyepoxide resincoated clay-thickened grease comprising the steps (a) forming a clay hydrosol containing 0.253% by weight clay;
• a process for the preparation of polyepoxide resincoated clay-thickened grease comprising the steps (a) forming a clay hydrosol containing 0.25-3% by weight clay;

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• Lubricants (AREA)
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• 1963
  • 1963-06-25 US US290345A patent/US3222279A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1964
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