US3229189A - Self-controlled inverter with series connected condenser in load circuit - Google Patents

Self-controlled inverter with series connected condenser in load circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US3229189A
US3229189A US152864A US15286461A US3229189A US 3229189 A US3229189 A US 3229189A US 152864 A US152864 A US 152864A US 15286461 A US15286461 A US 15286461A US 3229189 A US3229189 A US 3229189A
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United States
Prior art keywords
valves
load
current
grid
alternating current
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Expired - Lifetime
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US152864A
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English (en)
Inventor
Depenbrock Manfred
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
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Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/445—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1209—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for converters using only discharge tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/505—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/51—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using discharge tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/505—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/515—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/523—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with LC-resonance circuit in the main circuit

Definitions

  • This invention relates to inverter circuits and more particularly to an inverter of the self-controlled type having a condenser connected in series with the load supplied by the alternating current produced by the inverter.
  • the carrier of a mercury vapor arc is, as is known, the mixture of neutral Hg particles, positive Hg ions, and negative electrons, referred to as plasma and present in vapor form, which together forms an electrically quasineutral gas.
  • the density of the Hg ions at the moment of extinction of the decaying anode current of the discharge gap is, as is also known, determined by the variation velocity of this anodic current as a second important factor.
  • the amount of anode material pulverized per unit time depends on the density of the ions of the plasma, on the magnitude of the blocking voltage surge at the discharge gap, and on the frequency of the ignition sequence of the discharge arc. For example, if the discharge vessel for an inverter is used for an alternating current of 500 c.p.s., the life of the discharge vessel, limited by the pul verization process, will be smaller by one power of ten than under operation with an alternating current of 50 c.p.s.
  • control grid is electrically inoperative when current flows, that is, in the presence of a plasma and a space-charge zone enveloping the control grid. Consequently, current relief of a discharge gap by the one next following, in time, can occur only when either the anode current passes through zero by itself or when the passage through zero of the anodic current is brought about forcibly by an equalizing current which acts as counter current. The latter process is known as commutation.
  • these condensers not only permit commutation, they are moreover an important factor determining the curve shape of the alternating current generated.
  • the invention provides that uncontrolled valves are connected directly antiparallel with the controllable valves of the inverter consisting of gas discharge valves or semiconductor valves of similar control-technological eifect, and that with the condenser connected in series with the load, possibly supplemented by additional inductances, the load impedances are so dimensioned that they form a series resonant oscillatory circuit which shows an attenuation below the aperiodic damping and an oscillation period a little smaller than the cycle of the alternating current to be produced, so that the current of each controlled valve passes through zero at the latest after passage of a half-oscillation.
  • FIG. 1 An example of such an inverter is shown in FIG. 1. It refers to a two-pulse inverter in the bridge circuit with controllable gas discharge valves whose semiconductor valves are connected antiparallel. The current and voltage courses in this inverter are illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • 1 and 2 are the connecting terminals for the DC. voltage U
  • the load circuit of the generated AC. voltage lies between the terminals 3 and 4.
  • the bridge circuit of the valves contains the four controllable gas discharge vessels S S S S and the four semiconductor valves G G G G connected antiparallel with them.
  • the control of the gas discharge vessels occurs by grid voltage pulses which are generated by the control device St.
  • the latter determines the magnitude of the alternating current which flows through the load circuit lying between the terminals 3 and 4.
  • the direct current, which flows through the one or the other valve pair, is denoted i and the alternating current formed from them in the load circuit, i
  • the load circuit consists of the ohmic resistance R, the inductance L shown as a choke, and the condenser C.
  • a current transformer W In series with these load components is connected a current transformer W, whose secondary winding is connected with the control device St.
  • the inductance L and the condenser C are so rated according to the invention that the load circuit constitutes an attenuated oscillatory circuit whose attenuation is below the aperiodical attenuation.
  • the load circuit constitutes an attenuated oscillatory circuit whose attenuation is below the aperiodical attenuation.
  • the quantities R, L, and C are so adapted to each other that the period of oscillation of the load circuit is a little smaller than the cycle of the alternating current to be generated or respectively of the control pulses of the discharge vessels. Denoting the period of oscillation of the load circuit T and the cycle of the alternating current T then:
  • f being the frequency of the alternating current
  • T must be smaller, than T by so much that the alternating current becomes periodical, that is, that its positive and negative half-waves are equal.
  • FIG. 2 indicates, that, for example, the instantaneous values of the alternating current 1', must be equal and opposite at the beginning and end of an A.C. voltage half-wave u
  • the alternating current z' carries out, as is illustrated in FIG. 2, as a function of the time t, a half-oscillation which at t passes through zero a little earlier than the ignition of the valve pair following in time taking place at t occurs.
  • the subsequent negative half-oscillation of the alternating current shown in FIG. 2, has its passage through zero at t whereupon at t again the first valve pair is ignited.
  • the DC. voltage U is constant in time
  • the respective A.C. voltage curve u is rectangular.
  • the direct current i contains the same current elements as the alternating current i only extending always in the same direction.
  • the direct current flows through the uncontrolled semi-conductor valves connected anti-parallel. Consequently, no blocking voltage can form at the controlled valves.
  • the semi-conductor valves may be designed for a small current.
  • control grids of the deenergized gas discharge valves can regain their block- .ing capacity, so that upon ignition of the next valve pair at t the valve pair which has become current free cannot ignite.
  • the control of the time interval can be effected, for example, by triggering at the moment of the passage through zero of the load current i picked up by the current transformer W, a monostable circuit, which then, delayed by the time At, falls back into its stable starting position, giving to the grids of the current converters now intended for current conduction a short igniting pulse via amplification elements.
  • the time interval At can be controlled as desired.
  • the inductance L and the condenser C do not involve higher cost. If the load is, for example, an induction furnace, this itself constitutes an inductance, and a condenser is used anyway in such installations for reactive power compensation.
  • inventive concept is in no way limited to the example described but can be applied analogously to all known inverter circuits. Also, the construction of multiphase inverters at symmetrical load is readily possible.
  • a self-controlled inverter for inverting a direct current input to an alternating current output at an intermediate frequency
  • the combination comprising a plurality of grid-controlled valves of the mercury vapor type connected to a direct current input circuit and to an inductive type alternating current output load circuit including a condenser and a current transformer in series therewith, uncontrolled valves such as gas discharge valves, semi-conductor valves or the like individual to said grid-controlled valves and connected anti-parallel therewith, the inductive and capacitative rectance values of said series connected load and condenser respectively being such as to establish a series resonant oscillatory circuit having an attenuation below the aperiodic damping and which possesses an oscillation period smiller than that of the alternating current output and a control device for producing periodic voltage impulses transmitted over circuit means to the grids of said grid controlled valves in sequence and at a frequency corresponding to the intermediate frequency desired for the alternating current output to effect a corresponding periodic reversal
  • a self-controlled inverter for inverting a direct current input to an alternating current output at an intermediate frequency
  • the combination comprising a plurality of grid-controlled valves of the mercury vapor type arranged as the arms respectively of a bridge circuit, a source of direct current connected to one pair of opposite input terminals of said bridge circuit, an inductive type load circuit arranged in series with a condenser and the primary of a current transformer connected to the other pair of opposite output terminals of said bridge circuit, uncontrolled valves such as gas discharge valves, semiconductor valves or the like individual to said grid controlled valves and connected anti-parallel therewith, the inductive and capacitative reactance values of said series connected load and condenser respectively being such as to establish a series resonant oscillating circuit having an attenuation below the aperiodic damping and which possesses an oscillation period smaller than that of the alternating current output from said bridge circuit, and a control device for producing periodic voltage impulses transmitted over circuit means to the grids of said grid control e

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
US152864A 1960-11-22 1961-11-16 Self-controlled inverter with series connected condenser in load circuit Expired - Lifetime US3229189A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB60176A DE1135566B (de) 1960-11-22 1960-11-22 Selbstgefuehrter Wechselstromgenerator

Publications (1)

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US3229189A true US3229189A (en) 1966-01-11

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US152864A Expired - Lifetime US3229189A (en) 1960-11-22 1961-11-16 Self-controlled inverter with series connected condenser in load circuit

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US (1) US3229189A (de)
CH (1) CH390377A (de)
DE (1) DE1135566B (de)
GB (1) GB983639A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3328596A (en) * 1962-07-04 1967-06-27 Licentia Gmbh D.c.-a.c. converter for producing high frequency outputs
US3358209A (en) * 1964-11-11 1967-12-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Self-controlled transverters with several parallel-connected loads and condensers in series therewith

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1289908B (de) * 1963-05-21 1969-02-27 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Selbstgefuehrter und selbstgesteuerter Wechselrichter
US3596165A (en) * 1969-07-24 1971-07-27 Tektronix Inc Converter circuit having a controlled output

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2147474A (en) * 1937-09-10 1939-02-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Converting apparatus
US2486176A (en) * 1946-02-12 1949-10-25 Raytheon Mfg Co Shock-excited oscillator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2147474A (en) * 1937-09-10 1939-02-14 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Converting apparatus
US2486176A (en) * 1946-02-12 1949-10-25 Raytheon Mfg Co Shock-excited oscillator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3328596A (en) * 1962-07-04 1967-06-27 Licentia Gmbh D.c.-a.c. converter for producing high frequency outputs
US3358209A (en) * 1964-11-11 1967-12-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Self-controlled transverters with several parallel-connected loads and condensers in series therewith

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH390377A (de) 1965-04-15
GB983639A (en) 1965-02-17
DE1135566B (de) 1962-08-30

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