US3231409A - Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat - Google Patents

Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat Download PDF

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Publication number
US3231409A
US3231409A US164880A US16488062A US3231409A US 3231409 A US3231409 A US 3231409A US 164880 A US164880 A US 164880A US 16488062 A US16488062 A US 16488062A US 3231409 A US3231409 A US 3231409A
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Prior art keywords
sheets
packing
heat
combustion
asbestos
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Expired - Lifetime
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US164880A
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English (en)
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Munters Carl Georg
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Priority to US00010610A priority Critical patent/US3782081A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5076—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with masses bonded by inorganic cements
    • C04B41/5089—Silica sols, alkyl, ammonium or alkali metal silicate cements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • F24F2003/1464—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators using rotating regenerators

Definitions

  • this invention relates to improvemerits in a method for manufacture of a packing or body for transfer of heat and/or moisture which packing is composed of sheets or layers consisting of asbestos or other equivalent, non-metallic, inorganic fibrous material and directly or possibly indirectly bearing against one another at mutually spaced places and therebetween forming open channels or passageways extending throughout the packing or body.
  • At least every second sheet or layer is undulated or corrugated, the spaced places of contact of adjacent sheets being constituted by the ridges of the undulations or corrugations.
  • the transferrer packing or body may in this connection be formed as a rotor moving along a closed path between two passages transgressed by the one and the other of the air flows, respectively.
  • the sheets or layers of asbestos shall, in order to be capable of fulfilling their moisture and/or heat transferring function in the most effective manner, have a thickness not exceeding about one tenth or some few tenths of a millimeter. Such thin sheets cannot be given the required mechanical strength unless a bonding agent of organic nature such as starch or cellulose fibres contained in the stock is used to cement the asbestos fibres together.
  • a packing composed of thin asbestos sheets with small channels is an excellent heat insulation and consequently constitutes an effective bar to emission of heat remaining in the interior of the packing.
  • the temperature rises to the ignition point due to the absence of the cooling effect produced earlier by the circulation of air or gas through the packing. In this way an oxidation is produced in the hot body of sheets and due to the fact that the air within the channels of the body is almost stationary, the temperature rises gradually until the critical point is reached.
  • the asbestos fibres contain crystal water which escapes when the fiibres are heated to sufficiently high temperature and which causes the fibres to be decomposed into a powder.
  • the temperature at which the crystal water is expelled is approximately about 500 C. in the case of relatively long heating periods, but may be higher if the 1 critical value.
  • One main object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing packings or bodies for transfer of moisture and/ or heat of the structure and material in consideration which eliminates the inconveniences which may result from a non-intended ignition of the packing or body.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing packings or bodies for transfer of moisture and/or heat of the structure and material in consideration which ensures that organic constituents present in the material of which the sheets are made, are rendered innocuous with regard to ignition or combustion or neutralised prior to employment of the packing or body for its purpose.
  • the sheets of the packing or body before their use in the moisture and/or heat transferrer in the manner in view are subjected to a heat treatment by which the organic constituents contained in the sheet material are oxidized.
  • the neutralisation of the organic constituents may be effected by combustion inasmuch as adjustment of the conditions for this combustion renders it possible to control the oxidation to thus avoid reaching a dangerous temperature.
  • One possibility to attain this object is to blow air through the channels of the transferrer packing with such velocity as to prevent the heat developed in the packing during the combustion from surpassing a
  • the oxidation may even be conducted so as to heat the transferrer packing slowly to a temperature such as between 400 and 550 C. Under this heating various products of distillation will be formed in succession to one another or escape from the packing so that any direct ignition never will occur.
  • the oxidation can in this manner be advanced until the packing becomes non-combustible without any visible combustion in the specific meaning of this term which means combustion producing a flame or temper colouring of the packing.
  • a pyrolysis can be carried out until a carbonized residue of organic constituents remains in the asbestos. This residue is then of such kind as not to involve any danger of subsequent combustion.
  • the invention may also be realised by a combined oxidation and pyrolysis which is not selfsustaining.
  • a transferrer packing or body of asbestos paper treated according to the invention has the remarkable and surprising effect that it permits to dry air to a lower moisture content than has hitherto been attainable with transferred packings of the type in consideration.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of an apparatus constructed for realisation of the method according to the invention, FIG. 2 being a partial top view of a transferrer packing shown in a larger scale than that used in FIG. 1.
  • reference numeral denotes a kiln having walls of a heat insulating material. Formed in one of said walls is an inlet opening 12 and an outlet opening 14, said openings being each provided with a damper denoted by 16 and 18, respectively, or a similar throttling device.
  • the kiln encloses an internal casing '20 made of sheet metal or similar material defining a chamber 22. Positioned within said chamber is a screen or lattice 24 intended to carry a transferrer packing 26 placed thereon for the purpose of being treated. The portion of the lattice 24 not covered by the packing can be screened off by means of shields 28 so as to force all air passing through the lattice to pass through the transferrer packing 26.
  • a perforated plate 30 or similar member may be located below the lattice 24 and has for its purpose to bring about a uniform distribution of the air over the cross-section of the chamber 22.
  • a heater 32 is located outside the chamber 22.
  • a gaseous medium, in most cases air, is caused to circulate upwardly through the chamber 22 and downwardly past the heater 32 by means of a fan 34 driven by a motor 36 through a shaft 38.
  • the transferrer packing 26 is composed of thin sheets of asbestos formed by undulation or in other suitable way so as to bear against one another at mutually spaced places so as to form flow passages extending throughout the packing between the sheets.
  • the packing is composed of alternately plane sheets 40 and corrugated sheets 42.
  • the spacing between the plane sheets is suitably less than 3 millimeters such as between about 1 and 2 millimeters, when a packing for a transferrer intended for dehydrating or influencing the temperature of one air fiow by means of another flow of air or a gas is in consideration.
  • the sheets are at their places of mutual contact rigidly secured to one another by means of a bonding agent, preferably of inorganic nature, such as water glass, for example.
  • the asbestos sheets are made of asbestos fibers which usually are composed of filaments having an extremely small diameter.
  • organic bonding agents such as starch, are added and in addition a minor quantity of cellulose fibers is usually admixed with the asbestos fibre stock, since cellulose fibres possess a higher felting capacity than the asbestos. fibres.
  • the gaseous medium circulating within the kiln 10 is heated to a temperature of between about 200 to 300 and about 500 to 600 C., in other words to so high a temperature that the organic constituents in the transferrer packing 26 located on the lattice 24 can be oxidised under predetermined and controllable conditions.
  • the gaseous medium contains oxygen in a quantity which can be adjusted by supply of combustion air into the closed circuit circulating within the kiln through the inlet opening 12, a corresponding quantity of medium being allowed to escape through the outlet opening 14.
  • the velocity of circulation within the channels or passageway of the packing is adjusted so as to keep the combustion at a temperature below the temperature at which the asbestos is attached in a detrimental manner.
  • a combustion zone is produced which in a controllable manner migrates through the transferrer packing which in this way is relieved from its content of combustible substance.
  • the treatment of oxidation or pyrolysis is efiected by gradually heating the flow or gas While it passes through the channels or passageways of the packing the neutralisation or removal of the combustible constituents may be carried out without any visible combustion. More volatile products gassified by the heating will escape at a lower temperature than less volatile products until finally an oxidation of non-volatile residues (carbon) can take place at the highest temperature.
  • the mechanical strength of the sheets of which the packing is composed is reduced in a corresponding degree. Due to the fact that the sheets are united with one another the entire structure nevertheless in many cases possesses satisfying strength which, if desired, may be improved in particular when it is desired to make the sheets water-resistant by impregnation with inorganic substances such as water glass and calcium chloride which substances together produce a precipitation of calcium silicate on the sheets.
  • the impregnation with these substances is preferably effected after the packing or body has been built up but prior to its combustion treatment according to the present invention.
  • the sheets are impregnated with a hygroscopic substance such as a salt constituted, for example, by lithium chloride.
  • a hygroscopic substance such as a salt constituted, for example, by lithium chloride. This impregnation is most suitably effected after the treatment according to the present invention of the sheets of the packing or body.
  • the invention is also applicable to other types of contact packings or bodies, such as cooling towers, within which a liquid, in the first instance water, and a gas, primarily air, are brought into direct contact with one another.
  • the asbestos sheets may'also be covered with a thin metal sheet.
  • the method of producing a body for moisture transfer said body being composed of sheets of asbestos fibers .and which sheets are mutually joined to one another at spaced points and thus form a plurality of substantially parallel channels between them, and which sheets contain a small amount of organic particles to strengthen the sheets, the said method consisting in the subjection of the body before use to heat treatment by means of which the organic particles in the sheets are oxidized and at least partly removed in gaseous form, leavingwater of crystallization remaining in the asbestos fibers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US164880A 1961-01-09 1962-01-08 Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat Expired - Lifetime US3231409A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00010610A US3782081A (en) 1962-01-08 1970-02-11 Packing or body for moisture exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE15761 1961-01-09

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CH (1) CH403237A (de)
GB (1) GB998132A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3377225A (en) * 1966-04-25 1968-04-09 Munters Carl Georg Method for the manufacture of gas conditioning packing
US3423268A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-01-21 Midland Ross Corp Transferor wheel and method of making same
US3499788A (en) * 1965-03-02 1970-03-10 Munters & Co Carl Method in the manufacture of an exchanger packing for two fluids
US3782081A (en) * 1962-01-08 1974-01-01 C Munters Packing or body for moisture exchanger
US3807149A (en) * 1970-06-08 1974-04-30 Munters C Ind Ab Moisture exchanger for gaseous media
US4162934A (en) * 1976-10-26 1979-07-31 Aktiebolaget Carl Munters Method of producing sorption bodies
US4580524A (en) * 1984-09-07 1986-04-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by chemical vapor deposition
US4738305A (en) * 1985-02-04 1988-04-19 Bacchus Rockney D Air conditioner and heat dispenser
US5509275A (en) * 1994-09-22 1996-04-23 General Motors Corporation Dehumidifying mechanism for auto air conditioner
CN114716196A (zh) * 2022-02-09 2022-07-08 福建工程学院 一种高寒高海拔地区用墙板制备工艺

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE381251B (sv) * 1974-04-09 1975-12-01 Munters Ab Carl Sett att framstella en kontaktkropp
SE381252B (sv) * 1974-04-09 1975-12-01 Munters Ab Carl Sett att framstella kontaktkroppar
SE381250B (sv) * 1974-04-09 1975-12-01 Munters Ab Carl Sett att framstella en kontaktkropp

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US972110A (en) * 1909-08-18 1910-10-04 Frederic L Horton Carbonized fabric.
US1876357A (en) * 1928-08-08 1932-09-06 Plant Rubber & Asbestos Works Gas flue or vent
US1972500A (en) * 1934-09-04 Insulating material
US2097694A (en) * 1937-11-02 Insulating cellvlosic mebibm
US2407581A (en) * 1945-02-09 1946-09-10 Carey Philip Mfg Co Asbestos sheet material
US2567558A (en) * 1944-12-29 1951-09-11 Carey Philip Mfg Co Asbestos sheet material and method of manufacture
DE1097344B (de) * 1958-09-08 1961-01-12 Corning Glass Works Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Gegenstaende mit wabenartigen Querschnitten
US2986379A (en) * 1957-06-04 1961-05-30 Kramig Anna Louise Heat exchanger

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1972500A (en) * 1934-09-04 Insulating material
US2097694A (en) * 1937-11-02 Insulating cellvlosic mebibm
US972110A (en) * 1909-08-18 1910-10-04 Frederic L Horton Carbonized fabric.
US1876357A (en) * 1928-08-08 1932-09-06 Plant Rubber & Asbestos Works Gas flue or vent
US2567558A (en) * 1944-12-29 1951-09-11 Carey Philip Mfg Co Asbestos sheet material and method of manufacture
US2407581A (en) * 1945-02-09 1946-09-10 Carey Philip Mfg Co Asbestos sheet material
US2986379A (en) * 1957-06-04 1961-05-30 Kramig Anna Louise Heat exchanger
DE1097344B (de) * 1958-09-08 1961-01-12 Corning Glass Works Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Gegenstaende mit wabenartigen Querschnitten

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3782081A (en) * 1962-01-08 1974-01-01 C Munters Packing or body for moisture exchanger
US3499788A (en) * 1965-03-02 1970-03-10 Munters & Co Carl Method in the manufacture of an exchanger packing for two fluids
US3377225A (en) * 1966-04-25 1968-04-09 Munters Carl Georg Method for the manufacture of gas conditioning packing
US3423268A (en) * 1967-04-19 1969-01-21 Midland Ross Corp Transferor wheel and method of making same
US3807149A (en) * 1970-06-08 1974-04-30 Munters C Ind Ab Moisture exchanger for gaseous media
US4162934A (en) * 1976-10-26 1979-07-31 Aktiebolaget Carl Munters Method of producing sorption bodies
US4580524A (en) * 1984-09-07 1986-04-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by chemical vapor deposition
US4738305A (en) * 1985-02-04 1988-04-19 Bacchus Rockney D Air conditioner and heat dispenser
US5509275A (en) * 1994-09-22 1996-04-23 General Motors Corporation Dehumidifying mechanism for auto air conditioner
CN114716196A (zh) * 2022-02-09 2022-07-08 福建工程学院 一种高寒高海拔地区用墙板制备工艺
CN114716196B (zh) * 2022-02-09 2023-04-28 福建工程学院 一种高寒高海拔地区用墙板制备工艺

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Publication number Publication date
CH403237A (de) 1965-11-30
GB998132A (en) 1965-07-14

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