US3231557A - Translucent film and method of making - Google Patents

Translucent film and method of making Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3231557A
US3231557A US30244A US3024460A US3231557A US 3231557 A US3231557 A US 3231557A US 30244 A US30244 A US 30244A US 3024460 A US3024460 A US 3024460A US 3231557 A US3231557 A US 3231557A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
film
bar
over
transparent
roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US30244A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bauer Charles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US30244A priority Critical patent/US3231557A/en
Priority to ES0267469A priority patent/ES267469A1/es
Priority to FR862223A priority patent/FR1295627A/fr
Priority to CH574761A priority patent/CH403287A/de
Priority to DE1504529A priority patent/DE1504529C3/de
Priority to DK206161AA priority patent/DK105135C/da
Priority to GB18408/61A priority patent/GB991917A/en
Priority to ES0270467A priority patent/ES270467A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3231557A publication Critical patent/US3231557A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/36—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using a polymeric layer, which may be particulate and which is deformed or structurally changed with modification of its' properties, e.g. of its' optical hydrophobic-hydrophilic, solubility or permeability properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/0011—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for shaping plates or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/918—Material abnormally transparent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/10—Polyvinyl halide esters or alcohol fiber modification

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the translucentizing or opacifying of initially clear and transparent plastic or polymeric film materials by processes involving physical manipulation and without the addition or incorporation of pigments or fillers or other extraneous materials normally required for such effects.
  • the process is capable of producing lustrous, pearlescent or opaque film products having high aesthetic appeal and useful as wrappings or coverings or for various decorative purposes.
  • the rocess is particularly applicable to the preparation of heat-sensitive copy-sheet material having utility in the preparation of projection transparencies by thermographic duplication procedures involving brief intense irradiation of printed documents or other differentially radiation-absorptive graphic originals while in heat-conductive pressure-contact with the heat-sensitive sheet material.
  • controlled translucency may easily and economically be imparted to certain clear transparent polymeric film materials by processes involving the step of preliminarily drawing the film sharply over a smooth-edged breaker bar or the like under moderate tension and at appropriate temperature.
  • Luvitherm unplasticized polyvinyl chloride film One exemplary transparent film product which has been found particularly satisfactory for producing translucent heat-sensitive copy-sheets by means of procedures herein to be more fully described is Luvitherm unplasticized polyvinyl chloride film.
  • emulsion polymerized polyvinyl chloride of high molecular weight is mixed with small amounts of stabilizers and waxy lubricants, warmed on steel rolls, calendered at high roll pressure into thin transparent film, and rapidly fused.
  • the film is essentially non-oriented, although some slight amount of orientation is unavoidably imparted during the calendering operation.
  • a measured segment of a typical film of this type having initial dimensions of x 10 inches, is found to relax, when heated for two minutes in an oven at 130 C., to a final dimension of 9% inches in the machine direction and 10% inches in the crosswise direction.
  • the film is about 1 /2 mils (0.015 inch) in thickness. Useful resultsmay also be obtained with films of other thicknesses within at least the approximate range of /zl0 mils.
  • films which likewise have been found useful in the practice of the invention include extruded films of polypropylene and of polyethylene terephthalate, and solvent-cast films of polyvinyl chloride and of polystyrene.
  • certain other films do not translucentize under treatment as herein described; for example, films of polyamide (nylon) and of polyethylene have remained fully transparent when pulled under tension across the smooth edge of a breaker bar. It has been observed, however, that transparent films which are capable of being translucentized over the breaker bar have the common property of opacifying at fold lines, whereas films which do not opacify when folded cannot effectively be translucentized on the bar.
  • testis conveniently applied by folding the film into a tight crease ,between the thumb and fingers in the desired direction and then unfolding and flattening the film and observing the crease line.
  • Films useful in the practice of the invention are found to unfold and flatten without breaking and to show 3,231,557 Patented Jan. 25, 1966 F ice a distinct opaque line at the fold area; i.e., they are foldopaci-fiable.
  • a film may pass the fold test when creased in one direction but fail to show the opaque line when creased in a direction at right angles thereto.
  • the film may be translucentized by drawing over the breaker bar with the bar at an angle to the ineffective second crease line. The effect is particularly noticeable in unidirectionally oriented film, the orientation reducing or eliminating the ability of the film to be translucentized with the bar at right angles to the direction of orientation.
  • Plasticized film may be translucentized provided-the amount of plasticizer is sufficiently restricted. Polymers which form normally brittle films may be plasticized sutliciently to permit the film to be creased and re-fiattened without breaking, but larger amounts of plasticizer will frequently result in failure ofthe film to be translucentized. Since specific plasticizers and combinations of plasticizers differ in their efiects on thesame vor different polymers, reliance must be placed on the fold test in determining the suitability of any particular formulation.
  • the translucent appearance of the film following the action on the breaker bar is believed to be due to the formation of innumerable tiny voids within the film.
  • the drastic differential surface elongation imparted to the two major surfaces of the film as it is drawn over the breaker bar causes excessive but highly localized internal ,strains across the thickness of the film, resulting in internaldisruption and the establishing of minute voids or pockets. Light is then refracted from the surfaces of such voids, resulting in the observed translucency.
  • the density of the thus treated film is inversely proportional to the degree of opacity imparted by the treatment, thus providing further support for this theory ,of operation.
  • Full opacity may be attained by continued processing and particularly by preliminary partialtranslucentizing over the breaker bar, followed by bidirectional stretching and-orientation of the film at 200 F., for example in a tenter frame.
  • the resulting film has an attractive pearlescent sheen .and is particularly desirable as a decorative wrapping material.
  • the transparencies produced with the translucentized films of this invention by thermographic copying procedures may be improved for direct visual use by providing added color at the transparentized image areas.
  • a thin paper or film sheet material coated with a colored wax or a volatile dye results in simultaneous transparentizing of the film and transfierring of the wax or dye to the film at the heated image areas.
  • the translucent film is itself provided with a thin transparent visibly heat-sensitive coating, the coating being darkened and the film being simultaneously transparentized at the heated image areas during the copying procedure. Clear transparent colored polymeric film's may be translucentized as herein described and when locally heated revert to colored transparent condition.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a for-m of apparatus which has been found useful in the preliminary processing of the transparent film as hereinbefore described, and
  • FIGURE 2 schematically represents a conventional form of apparatus useful in the further processing of film which 'has been treated in the apparatus of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 1 the film from stock roll 11 is drawn around idler roller 12, between squeeze rolls 13 and 14, around idler roller 15 and over the top of breaker bar 16. The film then passes around idler roller 17, between squeeze rolls 18 and 19, and around idler roll 20, and is wound up into stock roll 21. Tension is applied by driven roll 19 and pressure roll 18 in conjunction with braking roll 13 and pressure roll 14. Pressure rolls 14 and 18 are .adjustably positioned with respect to rolls 13 and 19 respectively, as indicated by arrows 2-2 and 23, to provide for maintaining proper friction between film and roll.
  • the driven roll 19 is operable at any desired speed, and the brake roll 13 may be restrained to any desired extent so as to produce in the intervening portion of the film 10 any desired degree of tension.
  • the breaker bar 16 is provided with straight or slightly bowed smooth edges for scratch-free, uniform contact with the film, and may for example comprise a steel bar having a rectangular cross-section with the film-contacting corners rounded at a radius within the range of approximately 2-'30 mils, about 3 mils being a preferred radius.
  • the single rectangular bar 16 illustrated thus provides two parallel bend lines for the film, and an intervening fi-at contact area; but one or more triangul-arly cross-sectioned bars, or other forms providing only a single bend line, are also effective.
  • the film As the film is drawn under tension over the edges of the bar 16, and particularly as it passes the second of the two edges, it is observed to become cloudy or partially translucent to a degree depending upon a number of factors including the formulation and previous history of the film, the tension applied to the film, the temperature of the film, the radius of the edge or edges of the bar, and perhaps other factors as hereinbefore indicated.
  • the film is then drawn between the squeeze rolls 18 and 19 and is wound up on stock roll 21. It may then be returned through the apparatus in the opposite direction, in which case the roll 13 becomes the driven roll and braking action is applied through roll 19.
  • the roll 21 of partially translucentizedrfilm may replace stock roll 11 and the film may be drawn through the apparatus in the same direction in one .or more succeeding trips while contacting the bar 16 from the same or from opposite sides of the film during alternate succeeding passes.
  • the apparatus of FIGURE 2 may alternatively be employed' in imparting a further degree of translucency to 4 the film after an initial passage over the breaker bar of FIGURE 1.
  • the terminal sections are identical with those of FIGURE 1, but the bar 1 6 and rollers 15 and 17 will be seen to be replaced by idler rolls 24-28; and the stock roll '21 of partially translucentized film replaces the roll 11 of clear transparent film, while the roll 29 of fully translucentized film product replaces the roll 21 of FIGURE 1.
  • the film 10 is drawn around the several idler rolls 24-28 under specified stretch conditions determined by the relative speeds of the drive roll 19 and brake roll 13 which in this case is positively driven at a predetermined speed slightly less than that of the roll 19.
  • the several rollers are closely spaced, as shown, to prevent film neck-down without applying pressure to the film.
  • the partially translucentized film may thus be given increased translucency in the apparatus of FIG- URE 2, it has surprisingly been shown that the initial fully transparent film cannot be thus translucentized, at least in any commercially significant operation. Without the preliminary passage of the film over the breaker bar, mere stretching of the film is invariably found to cause localized tearing rather than uniform translucentizing.
  • a clear Luvitherm film stretched at 200 F. to double its original dimensions both lengthwise and crosswise in a tenter frame, as in producing biaxially oriented film remains clear and transparent. *Other portions' of the clear film are passed through the apparatus of FIGURE 2 at various elongation factors and speeds and at room temperature, as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 1 Transparent 1.5-mil non-oriented Luvitherm polyvinyl chloride film containing small amounts of stabilizer and lubricant as hereinbefo-re identified, and forming a.
  • Whereas 1 indicates percentage transmissivity through an image area formed by thermographic reproduction of a printed area of adequate size on a graphic original.
  • the headings indicate the manner in which the film was passed over the breaker bar, as described in the example. It will be observed from the tabulated data that the same degree of translucency is obtained with three passes on alternate sides as is obtained with eight passes on the same side, and that the former film is more effectively heat-transparentized than is the latter film when subjected to thermographic copying procedures.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Strips of the Luvitherm film as used in Example 1, cut to one inch Width, are translucentized by pulling over the breaker bar in a hand operation. The film is maintained under a tension of approximately two pounds and is pulled forward and back over the bar once on each face of the strip. The entire operation is conducted in an oven, diiferent strips being treated at different temperatures ranging from normal room temperature up to about 180 F. All other conditions are maintained essentially constant. The resulting translucentized strips are further tested as heat-sensitive copy-sheets for thermographic printing in the manner described under Example 1.
  • the film stretches considerably during its passage over the bar, and translucency is reduced although effective projection transparencies may still be prepared.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Luvitherm film as in Example 1 is first oriented in the machine direction by passing through a machine as described in connection with FIGURE 2.. The operation is performed at 200 F. and at varying degrees of length wise or machine-direction elongation up to as obtained by varying the relative surface speeds of pull drums 1'3 and 19. The film remains fully transparent. The several portions are then tested in the fold test, and are each given four passes, also in the machine direction and on alternate faces, over the breaker bar in the apparatus of FIGURE 1, under constant tension and at room temperature.
  • EXAMPLE 4 To show the correlation between translucency and density, Luuit'herm film as used in Example 1 is drawn over the breaker bar a sufficient number of passes to provide the desired appearance. Light transmission is measured as noted in Example 1. Density is determined by means of a density gradient column and reported as grams/cc. Areas of the translucent film prepared with four passes over the bar are then re-transparentized' by thermographic copying techniques and the transpan entized areas again measured.
  • a thin smooth-surfaced translucent film product formed by a process comprising drawing a thin transparent fold-opacifiable polyvinylchloride 'film sharply over a smooth narrow edge and under sufficient tension to impart drastic differential surface elongation to the two major surfaces of the film and at a temperature not higher than about 150 F.
  • the Luvitherm,polyvinyl chloride film employed in the preceding examples contains small amounts of stabilizers, e.g., .2-1% of diphenyl thiourea, for preventing degratation of the polymer, and waxy lubricants, e.g. 15% of refined montan wax, for ease in calendering.
  • stabilizers e.g., .2-1% of diphenyl thiourea
  • waxy lubricants e.g. 15% of refined montan wax
  • Unmodified polyvinyl chloride resin (Geon 101") is dissolved in hot tetrahydrofuran and a thin transparent film of the polymer is prepared by casting on a glass surface followed by evaporation of the solvent. Similarly, a thin transparent film is prepared from a mixture of 103 parts by weight of the Geon 101 resin and 1.8 parts of E wax, a purified montan wax commonly employed as a lubricant in Luvitherm film compositions.
  • the first film fails to pass the fold test and does not become translucent after several passes under tension across the breaker bar.
  • the second film forms a distinct white crease line in the fold test, is 'transulucentized on being drawn under tension across the breaker bar, and forms a visible image under thermographic copying procedures.
  • a thin film of polystyrene prepared by a similar casting procedure using acetone as the sol vent is found to pass the fold test, to become translucentized by passing under tension over a breaker bar, and then to transparentize on local heating in thermographic copying.
  • the polystyrene is obtained in the form of a thick and somewhat easily shattered partially stretchoriented film and is believed to be essentially free of additives.
  • the film is not adequately flexible for the type of handling normally experienced by copies of office correspondence and the like, and the translucency appears to be in the form of oriented fine cracks rather than true voids within the film.
  • transporent films which show a permanently opaque crease line in the fold test in at least one direction, and which are translucentized on being drawn across the breaker bar disposed parallel to said crease line, in-v clude thin films of extruded polypropylene, or of extruded polyethylene terephthalate polyester containingabout one-half percent of polyethylene or polypropylene added during esterification, or of the same polyester con taining about ten percent of polycarbonate resin (GE Lexan resin) added during extrusion.
  • GE Lexan resin polycarbonate resin
  • EXAMPLE 6 A portion of the clear Luvitherm film as used for Example 1 isfi rst drawn over the breaker-bar one pass" 2.
  • a thin smooth-surfaced transl-ucent film product capable of being rendered transparent by brief contact with a metal test bar at C. and with less than about 30% shrinkage, produced by a process comprising drawing a thin transparent unplasticized unpigmented foldopacifiable polyvinylchloride film sharply over a smooth narrow edge and under suffiicent tension to impart drastic differential surface elongation to the two major surfaces of the film and at a temperature not higher than about F.
  • Method of making a thin smooth-surfaced translucent film product comprising drawing a thin transparent foldopacifiable polyvinylchloride film sharply over a smooth narrow edge and under sufiicient tension to impart drastic dilferential surface elongation to the two major surfaces of the film and at a temperature not higher than about 150 F.
  • Method of making a thin smooth-surfaced translucent film product comprising first drawing a thin transparent fold-opacifiable polyvinylchloride film sharply over a smooth narrow edge and under sufiicient tension to impart drastic differential surface elongation to the two major surfaces of the film and at a temperature not higher than about 150 F., and then uniformly stretching the film.
  • JOSEPH L. SCHOFER Primary-Examiner. M. V. BRINDISI, H. N. BURSTEIN, LOUISE P;

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US30244A 1960-05-19 1960-05-19 Translucent film and method of making Expired - Lifetime US3231557A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30244A US3231557A (en) 1960-05-19 1960-05-19 Translucent film and method of making
ES0267469A ES267469A1 (es) 1960-05-19 1961-04-18 Un metodo para comunicar caracter translucido a una pelicula de plastico
FR862223A FR1295627A (fr) 1960-05-19 1961-05-08 Pellicule transparente pouvant être rendue translucide et son procédé de fabrication
DE1504529A DE1504529C3 (de) 1960-05-19 1961-05-17 Verfahren zum Trüben eines klaren, durchsichtigen Kunststoffilms
CH574761A CH403287A (de) 1960-05-19 1961-05-17 Verfahren, um einer klaren Kunststoff-Folie mit glatter Oberfläche eine durchscheinende bis opake Struktur zu verleihen
DK206161AA DK105135C (da) 1960-05-19 1961-05-18 Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af halvgennemsigtige, opaliserende formstoffilm.
GB18408/61A GB991917A (en) 1960-05-19 1961-05-19 Translucent films and methods of making them
ES0270467A ES270467A1 (es) 1960-05-19 1961-09-13 Mejoras introducidas en la fabricacion de hojas de copia sensibles al calor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30244A US3231557A (en) 1960-05-19 1960-05-19 Translucent film and method of making

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3231557A true US3231557A (en) 1966-01-25

Family

ID=21853264

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US30244A Expired - Lifetime US3231557A (en) 1960-05-19 1960-05-19 Translucent film and method of making

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3231557A (da)
CH (1) CH403287A (da)
DE (1) DE1504529C3 (da)
DK (1) DK105135C (da)
ES (2) ES267469A1 (da)
GB (1) GB991917A (da)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3995007A (en) * 1971-10-05 1976-11-30 Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd. Method of stretching film below the natural draw ratio without necking
US4117072A (en) * 1974-10-16 1978-09-26 Xerox Corporation Process for enhancement of mechanical properties of photoconductive polymers
US4454294A (en) * 1981-08-25 1984-06-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Polyvinyl chloride film having specific properties, and a process for its manufacture
US4680157A (en) * 1984-07-25 1987-07-14 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Method for the preparation of a crystalline thermoplastic resin sheet
WO2025256138A1 (zh) * 2024-06-14 2025-12-18 阿姆斯壮地面材料（中国）有限公司 无卤素塑胶地板或墙壁覆盖物及其制备方法

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2137627A (en) * 1936-05-14 1938-11-22 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Clarification of vinyl resins
GB497689A (en) * 1937-07-26 1938-12-23 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag A process for improving the properties of thermoplastic, film-forming, organic substances
US2234122A (en) * 1938-08-29 1941-03-04 Charles M Heck Method of controlling the temperature of objects
US2352725A (en) * 1941-11-04 1944-07-04 Du Pont Shaped product
US2683103A (en) * 1951-11-29 1954-07-06 Du Pont Curing organic substituted polymers with oximes
US2721941A (en) * 1950-10-11 1955-10-25 M & R Dietetic Lab Inc Method of sterilization
US2784456A (en) * 1953-07-07 1957-03-12 Du Pont Heat-shrinkable film and process for producing the same
US2812550A (en) * 1953-08-17 1957-11-12 Chavannes Marc Alfred Method for making stretched thermoplastic film
CA589513A (en) * 1959-12-22 Farbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Vormals Meister Lucius And Bruning Process for preparing hard foils of polyvinyl chloride having a very low turbidity value
US2924545A (en) * 1955-06-22 1960-02-09 Us Rubber Co Thermoplastic mixture of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, styrene-acrylonitrile resin and vinyl chloride resin
US2925625A (en) * 1958-10-22 1960-02-23 Dymo Industries Inc Contrast color embossed plastics and method of production
US2948583A (en) * 1958-03-04 1960-08-09 Du Pont Process for producing shaped oriented polyester articles having a metallic luster
US2980964A (en) * 1956-01-14 1961-04-25 Distillers Co Yeast Ltd Linear polyethylene films of improved transparency and method of making same
US3007204A (en) * 1958-01-08 1961-11-07 Bayer Ag Process for biaxially stretching polymeric films

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA589513A (en) * 1959-12-22 Farbwerke Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Vormals Meister Lucius And Bruning Process for preparing hard foils of polyvinyl chloride having a very low turbidity value
US2137627A (en) * 1936-05-14 1938-11-22 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Clarification of vinyl resins
GB497689A (en) * 1937-07-26 1938-12-23 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag A process for improving the properties of thermoplastic, film-forming, organic substances
US2234122A (en) * 1938-08-29 1941-03-04 Charles M Heck Method of controlling the temperature of objects
US2352725A (en) * 1941-11-04 1944-07-04 Du Pont Shaped product
US2721941A (en) * 1950-10-11 1955-10-25 M & R Dietetic Lab Inc Method of sterilization
US2683103A (en) * 1951-11-29 1954-07-06 Du Pont Curing organic substituted polymers with oximes
US2784456A (en) * 1953-07-07 1957-03-12 Du Pont Heat-shrinkable film and process for producing the same
US2812550A (en) * 1953-08-17 1957-11-12 Chavannes Marc Alfred Method for making stretched thermoplastic film
US2924545A (en) * 1955-06-22 1960-02-09 Us Rubber Co Thermoplastic mixture of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, styrene-acrylonitrile resin and vinyl chloride resin
US2980964A (en) * 1956-01-14 1961-04-25 Distillers Co Yeast Ltd Linear polyethylene films of improved transparency and method of making same
US3007204A (en) * 1958-01-08 1961-11-07 Bayer Ag Process for biaxially stretching polymeric films
US2948583A (en) * 1958-03-04 1960-08-09 Du Pont Process for producing shaped oriented polyester articles having a metallic luster
US2925625A (en) * 1958-10-22 1960-02-23 Dymo Industries Inc Contrast color embossed plastics and method of production

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3995007A (en) * 1971-10-05 1976-11-30 Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd. Method of stretching film below the natural draw ratio without necking
US4117072A (en) * 1974-10-16 1978-09-26 Xerox Corporation Process for enhancement of mechanical properties of photoconductive polymers
US4454294A (en) * 1981-08-25 1984-06-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Polyvinyl chloride film having specific properties, and a process for its manufacture
US4680157A (en) * 1984-07-25 1987-07-14 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Method for the preparation of a crystalline thermoplastic resin sheet
WO2025256138A1 (zh) * 2024-06-14 2025-12-18 阿姆斯壮地面材料（中国）有限公司 无卤素塑胶地板或墙壁覆盖物及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1504529B2 (de) 1971-10-07
ES267469A1 (es) 1961-11-16
GB991917A (en) 1965-05-12
DE1504529C3 (de) 1974-01-03
CH403287A (de) 1965-11-30
DE1504529A1 (de) 1969-10-16
ES270467A1 (es) 1962-02-16
DK105135C (da) 1966-08-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60122231T2 (de) Heissschrumpfbare Polyesterfilme
US4020141A (en) Method of making heat-sealable, heat-shrinkable, biaxially oriented polyester film
DE69924421T2 (de) Wärmeschrumpfbarer Polyesterfilm
US3944699A (en) Opaque molecularly oriented and heat set linear polyester film and process for making same
DE2515261C3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines fotografischen Papierschichtträgers
DE2402120A1 (de) Biaxial orientierter polyaethylenterephthalat-film mit einer zum schreiben geeigneten oberflaeche
GB2124139A (en) Producing low density polyethylene film
DE60022427T2 (de) Wärmeschrumpfbare Polyesterfolie
US2259362A (en) Laminating and stretching
US4681723A (en) Calender band stripping section and process for stripping calendered sheet
NO115455B (da)
US4876139A (en) Film for print laminates and thermocompression bonding process therefor
US2517581A (en) Method of dehensionaijly stabilizing
US3003903A (en) Stretched laminated film
US3072483A (en) Photographic element comprising polyethylene terephthalate film base
US4086383A (en) Supports for photographic printing paper
US3257490A (en) Process for producing flat dimensionally stable, biaxially oriented polypropylene film
US2259347A (en) Laminating film
US3995007A (en) Method of stretching film below the natural draw ratio without necking
US2115132A (en) Manufacture of nonfibrous sheets and films
GB1196375A (en) Process for the production of Dimensionally Stable Polyethylene Terephthalate Films
US3111584A (en) Copy-sheet and method for producing copies of graphic originals in the form of positive projection transparencies
DE1504529C3 (de) Verfahren zum Trüben eines klaren, durchsichtigen Kunststoffilms
US3620160A (en) Heat-sensitive stencil paper
US3195110A (en) Electron beam recording