US3234970A - Resin-bonded fibre structures - Google Patents

Resin-bonded fibre structures Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3234970A
US3234970A US429950A US42995065A US3234970A US 3234970 A US3234970 A US 3234970A US 429950 A US429950 A US 429950A US 42995065 A US42995065 A US 42995065A US 3234970 A US3234970 A US 3234970A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
resin
layer
pipe
tape
fibre
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US429950A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Baker William Andrew
Shoemack Donald Arthur
Murray Victor Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Composite Materials Ltd
Original Assignee
Bristol Aeroplane Plastics Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bristol Aeroplane Plastics Ltd filed Critical Bristol Aeroplane Plastics Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3234970A publication Critical patent/US3234970A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/24—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes wound from strips or bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/60—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using internal forming surfaces, e.g. mandrels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/16—Rigid pipes wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement

Definitions

  • the bore of a resin-bonded or plastics-bonded fibre or filament pipe may be subjected to the scouring action of an abrasive liquid, by which we mean a liquid which carries in suspension hard, sharp particles, such for example as sand and certain clays which are encountered in oil well-drilling.
  • an abrasive liquid by which we mean a liquid which carries in suspension hard, sharp particles, such for example as sand and certain clays which are encountered in oil well-drilling.
  • T he bore may also be subject to attack by some chemicals, such for example as are encountered in chemical processing plants and also with some crude oils.
  • the word fibre will be used to include staple fibres and continuous filaments, and the word resin to include resins and plastics.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide for a pipe or other hollow structure formed by resin-bonded fibre a facing layer, either internal or external, which is resistant to abrasion or chemical attack and is leakproof.
  • a hollow structure formed from a basic resin-bonded fibre has for protection a facing layer of resin-bonded fibre of material such that the facing layer is more resistant to abrasion or chemical attack than would be a layer of the basic fibre which forms the body of the structure, and a second layer lying between the facing layer and the body of the structure and consisting of cloth formed from a fibre of material stronger than that of the fibre in the facing layer and bonded by resin.
  • cloth is intended to cover all flexible sheet materials formed from fibre, for example by weaving, knitting or felting, but woven cloth is preferable and it is preferably in the form of tape.
  • the efiect of the layer of cloth is to resist any tendency for strains or actual cracks in the body of the structure to create highly localised stresses in the facing layer which may cause cracking, and for the best possible effect the cloth should have a fine mesh.
  • the fibre is incorporated as a winding, and th invention is of particular value in such pipes because at the layer of the winding adjacent to the protective facing layer they lack local tensile strength in more than one direction.
  • the invention is also applicable to pipes and other hollow structures of different construction, for example in which the basic fibre is in the form of tape or mats, woven, knitted or felted,
  • the basic fibre is preferably of glass; other types of fibre may, however, be used, for example a strong cotton thread.
  • the fibre of the cloth forming the second layer is preferably of the same material as the basic fibre.
  • the facing layer has fibres running in two or more intersecting directions.
  • a particularly suitable fibre for the facing layer is acrylic fibre, which is preferably bonded by a epoxide resin.
  • Alternative fibres are synthetic fibres which provide the necessary resistance to abrasion and chemical attack when bonded with resin, for example nylon and some polyester fibres such as those solid under the trade name Terylene.
  • the facing layer is also woven. It is convenient to use woven tapes which can be wound onto a mandrel, with turns overlapping if desired. Alternatively woven mats may be used. It is also possible to use knitted or felted fibres. The fibres may be continuous filament or staple.
  • a more refine-d process is to have two cassettes carried by a winding head, preferably so as to be positioned diametrically opposite each other with respect to the mandrel on which the pipe or other tubular structure is to be wound.
  • One cassette holds acrylic tape and the other glass fibre tape, and the tape in both cassettes is impregnated with resin before leaving the cassettes.
  • the Winding of the two tapes can then proceed simultaneously. If the widths of the two tapes are the same, single layers of the two tapes can be wound on simultaneously.
  • a still more developed form of winding which can give several thicknesses of acrylic tape forming a facing layer backed by at least one thickness of glass fibre tape, can be achieved by using acrylic tape and glass fibre tape of different Widths and having a rate of traverse per revolution of the mandrel (that is to say, a pitch) which is less than the width of the narrower of the two tapes.
  • the width of the acrylic tape which is to form an internal facing layer of a pipe is 6 inches and that of the glass fibre tape 4 inches, and the pitch is 1% inches.
  • the two tapes are wound on simultaneously with their trailing edges in line with each other and the glass tape outermost, and are advanced axially relative to the mandrel, conveniently by traversing the mandrel, by an amount each turn of 1% inches.
  • the glass fibre thread windings of the pipe itself then follows on to build up the required thickness.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic fragmentary section parallel to the axis of the pipe
  • FIGURE 2 shows the tapes being Wound around the mandrel (which is for convenience foreshortened in diameter) to produce the inner layers of the pipe;
  • FIGURE 3 shows the tapes being wound on to produce the outer layers of the pipe
  • FIGURE 4 shows diagrammatically the relevant parts of a machine for winding the pipe.
  • the wall of the pipe as seen in FIGURE 1 includes a layer 1 of resin-bonded acrylic tape which defines the bore of the pipe, and layers 2 to of which layers 2 and 4 are of acrylic tape, and layers 3 and 5 are of resin-bonded glass fibre.
  • the body of the pipe which may be formed by any number of layers of glass fibre windings, adjacent layers being preferably helices of opposite hand and at a helix angle such that the wall of the pipe has substantially the same strength in all directions.
  • the width of the acrylic tape is approximately the dimension A shown in FIGURE 1, and the width of the glass tape is approximately the dimension B.
  • the pitch of the tapes in the internal layers 1 to 5 is the dimension C, and that of the tapes in the outer layers 10 and 2 is the dimension D.
  • edges of the inner acrylic and glass tapes are aligned at the points 13 shown in FIGURE 1. These points are on the trailing edges; in other words, the mandrel around which the tapes are wound moves to the left with respect to the tapes.
  • the mandrel When winding the outer layers 10 to 12 the mandrel is moved to the right with respect to the tapes, and the trailing edges of the two tapes are oiiset by an amount E, with the acrylic tape outermost.
  • the dimension C is substantially equal to /2B and to /sA; the dimension D is approximately equal to %B and to /zA.
  • the widths of the acrylic tape and glass tape may be 9 inches and 6 inches respectively (i.e. again in the ratio 3:2).
  • Such tapes may be used for pipes of which the internal diameter is 6 inches to 18 inches or more.
  • FIGURE 2 shows an acrylic tape 13 and a glass fibre tape 14 being Wound around a mandrel 15 to produce the layers 1 to 5 shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 shows an acrylic tape 13a and a glass tape 14a being wound on to produce the layers 10 to 112 shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the method of winding may consist of making the winding head and mandrel both rotatable with respect to a stationary base.
  • the base carries a supply of basic fibre to form the body of the pipe, to wind on at least some of the basic fibre during the winding on of the tapes which make up the internal layers of the pipe.
  • the tapes can be at a different helix angle or oppositely handed to the first glass fibre thread winding.
  • the acrylic tape is preferably a scoured square weave, sold under the trade name Courtelle CL71.
  • the glass fibre tape is preferably in accordance with the British Standard specification DTD5518/S2/l50/E and is caramelised; for example, it may be of .009 glass cloth, balanced 8 shaft satin weave.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a pipe being wound onto a mandrel 15.
  • the apparatus for doing this includes a sleeve 16 which is mounted on a stationary base 17 (partly shown) and around which an annular member 18 forming part of a winding head can rotate.
  • a cassette 23 for glass fibre is carried by parts 24 and 25 which are mounted on the stationary base (by means not shown).
  • glass fibre 31 from the cassette 23 is wound over the tapes.
  • the fibre is impregnated with resin on its way from the cassette (by means not shown). After one pass of the mandrel during which fibre and tape is wound on, more fibre may be wound on by disconnecting the tapes and then reciprocating the mandrel while rotating the mandrel in the same direction.
  • the winding head is driven by a belt 32 from a pulley 33.
  • the speed and direction of rotation of the pulley can be varied so that any desired speed relationships between the mandrel, winding head and cassette 23 can be obtained.
  • pipes according to this invention preferably have for internal protection layers of acrylic fibre cloth and of glass cloth forming a total thickness of at least 0.05 inch.
  • the outer protective layers should also be at least 0.05 inch in total thickness including a surface coating of resin applied as a final step
  • the basic windings of glass fibre may have a thickness from 0.075 inch to 1 inch or more for pipes of which the internal diameter is 6 inches or more.
  • a pipe formed only with an external protective facing of acrylic fibre and glass cloth will be useful, for example, for conveying low pressure gas under water, or as an underwater cable conduit.
  • the external facing will be resistant to abrasion and corrosion and will remain water-tight to prevent water leaking into the pipe. If cracks are produced in the basic wound body of the pipe owing to operating strains, the glass cloth will effectively isolate the acrylic fibre from the cracks, and will thus maintain the acrylic layers intact and Water-tight. It will be appreciated moreover that this same improvement provided by the present invention can be usefully applied to other submersible hollow structures and particularly to tubular structures formed basically, as in the base fo a pipe, by a winding of resinbonded glass fibre.
  • a pipe according to claim 7 in which the tape is wound helically at a pitch of which the width of the tape is substantially a multiple so that either tape or both tapes provide two or more layers by virtue of the turns overlapping.
  • a pipe according to claim 8 in which the tape forming the facing layer has a width substantially equal to three times the pitch of the turns, and the tape forming the second layer has a width substantially equal to twice the pitch of the turns, so arranged that there are around the bore two layers of the facing tape surrounded in turn by a layer of the second tape, a further layer of facing tape and then a further layer of the second tape.
  • a pipe according to claim 1 including for outside protection additional layers of resin-bonded cloth and of resin-bonded fiber material, the outermost layer being formed by resin-bonded fiber similar to that of the inner facing layer.
  • a pipe formed by a body consisting of a winding of resin-bonded glass fiber and having, for internal protection, an inner facing layer of a resin-bonded acrylic fiber cloth, and including a second layer lying between the facing layer and the body of the pipe and consisting of cloth formed from a fiber of material stronger than that of the fiber in the facing layer and bonded by resin.
  • a tubular hollow structure comprising a body formed by a winding of resin-bonded glass fiber and having for protection against abrasion or chemical attack a water-tight facing layer of resin-bonded acrylic fiber cloth, and including a second layer lying between the facing layer and the body of the tubular structure and consisting of cloth formed from a fiber of material stronger than that of the fiber in the facing layer and bonded by resin.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
US429950A 1960-03-03 1965-01-26 Resin-bonded fibre structures Expired - Lifetime US3234970A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7578/60A GB980308A (en) 1960-03-03 1960-03-03 Improvements in resin-bonded fibre pipes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3234970A true US3234970A (en) 1966-02-15

Family

ID=9835827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US429950A Expired - Lifetime US3234970A (en) 1960-03-03 1965-01-26 Resin-bonded fibre structures

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3234970A (fr)
CH (1) CH373174A (fr)
GB (1) GB980308A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4929478A (en) * 1988-06-17 1990-05-29 The Bentley-Harris Manufacturing Company Protective fabric sleeves
US5645110A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-07-08 Nobileau; Philippe Flexible high pressure pipe
US5671897A (en) * 1994-06-29 1997-09-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Core for core wound paper products having preferred seam construction
US6036139A (en) * 1996-10-22 2000-03-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Differential ply core for core wound paper products
US20140007881A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-09 Resmed Limited Air delivery conduit
US20150059908A1 (en) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 NORRES Beteiligungs-GmbH Plastic Hose with Fabric Reinforcement
US20210231237A1 (en) * 2020-01-28 2021-07-29 Keystone Tower Systems, Inc. Tubular structure reinforcing
US20230032721A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2023-02-02 Bridgestone Corporation High-pressure hose

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2199629A (en) * 1986-12-30 1988-07-13 Dunlop Ltd Kink resistant hose
US5848223A (en) * 1994-05-27 1998-12-08 Steward Plastics, Inc. Double-walled flexible tubing product with helical support bead and heating conductor and apparatus and method for making
US5454061A (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-09-26 Steward Plastics, Inc. Apparatus and method for making flexible tubing with helically wound heating conductor
CN115535741B (zh) * 2022-09-28 2025-07-15 浙江保尔力橡塑股份有限公司 一种超低伸长率免维护三角带生产装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US23317A (en) * 1859-03-22 Casting and annealing articles made of scoria
US2962050A (en) * 1957-10-14 1960-11-29 Titeflex Inc No-motion braid
US2969812A (en) * 1951-07-07 1961-01-31 Ganahl Carl De Pipe structure
US3062241A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-11-06 Moore & Co Samuel Composite nylon tube
US3080893A (en) * 1956-06-29 1963-03-12 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reinforced rigid plastic pipe
US3172427A (en) * 1957-10-30 1965-03-09 Imp Eastman Corp Flexible and semi-flexible tubular conduits

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US23317A (en) * 1859-03-22 Casting and annealing articles made of scoria
US2969812A (en) * 1951-07-07 1961-01-31 Ganahl Carl De Pipe structure
US3080893A (en) * 1956-06-29 1963-03-12 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reinforced rigid plastic pipe
US2962050A (en) * 1957-10-14 1960-11-29 Titeflex Inc No-motion braid
US3172427A (en) * 1957-10-30 1965-03-09 Imp Eastman Corp Flexible and semi-flexible tubular conduits
US3062241A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-11-06 Moore & Co Samuel Composite nylon tube

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4929478A (en) * 1988-06-17 1990-05-29 The Bentley-Harris Manufacturing Company Protective fabric sleeves
US5671897A (en) * 1994-06-29 1997-09-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Core for core wound paper products having preferred seam construction
US5865396A (en) * 1994-06-29 1999-02-02 The Proctor & Gamble Company Core for core wound paper products having preferred seam construction
US5645110A (en) * 1994-12-01 1997-07-08 Nobileau; Philippe Flexible high pressure pipe
US6024135A (en) * 1994-12-01 2000-02-15 Nobileau; Philippe Flexible high pressure pipe
US6036139A (en) * 1996-10-22 2000-03-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Differential ply core for core wound paper products
US9656038B2 (en) * 2011-03-15 2017-05-23 Resmed Limited Air delivery conduit
US20140007881A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-09 Resmed Limited Air delivery conduit
US10729869B2 (en) 2011-03-15 2020-08-04 ResMed Pty Ltd Air delivery conduit
US11565071B2 (en) 2011-03-15 2023-01-31 ResMed Pty Ltd Air delivery conduit
US11944754B2 (en) 2011-03-15 2024-04-02 ResMed Pty Ltd Air delivery conduit
US20150059908A1 (en) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 NORRES Beteiligungs-GmbH Plastic Hose with Fabric Reinforcement
DE102013109362C5 (de) * 2013-08-29 2026-04-30 Norres Schlauchtechnik Gmbh Kunststoffschlauch mit Gewebeverstärkung
US20230032721A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2023-02-02 Bridgestone Corporation High-pressure hose
US12173813B2 (en) * 2019-12-19 2024-12-24 Bridgestone Corporation High-pressure hose
US20210231237A1 (en) * 2020-01-28 2021-07-29 Keystone Tower Systems, Inc. Tubular structure reinforcing
US12297951B2 (en) * 2020-01-28 2025-05-13 Keystone Tower Systems, Inc. Tubular structure reinforcing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB980308A (en) 1965-01-13
CH373174A (fr) 1963-11-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3234970A (en) Resin-bonded fibre structures
US3604461A (en) Composite tubing
RU2121101C1 (ru) Труба и способ ее изготовления
US6804942B2 (en) Composite tubular assembly and method of forming same
US4681783A (en) Tubular lining material for pipe lines
US3483896A (en) Composite reinforced plastic pipe
US3920049A (en) Fiber-reinforced plastics tube
US3212528A (en) Hose
US4844287A (en) Leak containment system for underground storage tanks
US2760549A (en) Method and apparatus for making highpressure non-metallic tubing
US3749138A (en) Thick fabrics
US3706615A (en) Composite tube and a method of producing the same using the filament winding process
US3428507A (en) Method of making a hose pipe of helically wound strips of thermoplastic material
US3884269A (en) Fiber-reinforced flexible plastic pipe
US2862524A (en) Reinforced plastic article
US4081303A (en) Pipe liner laminate and method of making a pipe with said liner
SE407104B (sv) Rorformig veggkonstruktion
RU2096678C1 (ru) Защитная оболочка из композиционных материалов
JP7311956B2 (ja) 複合管
US3223565A (en) Method of making heat resistant flexible hose
US3757829A (en) Composite pipe wrap material and method
RU2156397C1 (ru) Способ ремонта трубопровода (варианты)
US5352309A (en) Method for manufacturing pipe bells
GB1455881A (en) Liquid-conveying hose
RU2201550C2 (ru) Отвод из композиционного материала и способ его изготовления