US3237563A - Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines - Google Patents

Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3237563A
US3237563A US314353A US31435363A US3237563A US 3237563 A US3237563 A US 3237563A US 314353 A US314353 A US 314353A US 31435363 A US31435363 A US 31435363A US 3237563 A US3237563 A US 3237563A
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United States
Prior art keywords
impeller
suction tube
water
pump
casing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US314353A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hartland Derek
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English Electric Co Ltd
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English Electric Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3237563A publication Critical patent/US3237563A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/10—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
    • F03B3/103—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines the same wheel acting as turbine wheel and as pump wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/005—Starting, also of pump-turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/10—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto characterised by having means for functioning alternatively as pumps or turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • F03B3/183—Adjustable vanes, e.g. wicket gates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
    • Y10S415/91—Reversible between pump and motor use

Definitions

  • a hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine includes means for suppressing at least partially the circulation of water in the suction tube immediately upstream ofthe impeller during priming of the pump, or of the reversible pump turbine in operation as a pump.
  • FIG. 1 shows a general arrangement of hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed view of part of FIG. 1 showing a hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a graph plotting power absorbed against time
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine in accordance with the in vention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of hydraulic pump or reversible pump turbine in accordance with the invention.
  • a large hydraulic. pump i.e. a pump having an input power greater than one megawatt, includes an impeller 11 having a crown 12 and skirt 13 inter-connected by vanes 14.
  • the pump also includes a shaft 15, through which the impeller is driven by a motor 16.
  • the stationary structure of the pump includes a spiral casing 17, which surrounds the impeller and is connected to a delivery pipe 18 incorporating a valve 19.
  • the delivery pipe is connected to a reservoir (not shown) to which water is to be delivered during pump operation.
  • a suction tube 26 Immediately below the eye of the impeller 11 is provided a suction tube 26 vertically below and symmetrical with the impeller. At the lower end of the suction tube there is provided an inlet bend tube 21 which communicates through a passage 22 with a lower reservoir (not shown) from which water is to be pumped.
  • the passage 23 surrounding the impeller may be provided with adjustable guide vanes 24 and a ring of fixed vanes 25 as shown, through which water is delivered by the impeller 11 into the spiral casing 17, or alternatively only a ring of fixed diffuser vanes may be provided.
  • the centre of the crown 12 is formed with a cavity 26 connected by a bore 27 with an annular space 28 between the stationary structure and the rotating parts of the pump, sealing rings 29, 30 between the stationary structure and the rotating parts being provided at the top and bottom of the space 28.
  • the space may either be vented to atmosphere (or, where the suction tube is at sub-atmospheric pressure, to a vacuum chamber) through a bore 31 and a rotary valve 32 in position A, as shown connected to a source of pressurised or compressed air in position P of the valve 32, or closed off in position C of this valve.
  • a labyrinth seal 33 is provided between the crown 12 and the stationary structure, and a further labyrinth seal 34 is provided between the skirt 13 and the stationary structure at the top of the draft tube 20.
  • a drainpipe 35 is provided between the sealing ring 36 and the labyrinth seal 33 through which any leakage is drained off.
  • a number of retractable bafiles are provided at the top of the suction tube 20, each consisting of a sector-shaped plate 41 mounted to pivot about a pin 42 by means of a hydraulic jack 43.
  • the battles project through slots in the suction tube wall 20 approximately across a quarter of the diameter of the suction tube, and in their retracted position the baflles lie in the position shown in chain-dashed lines and are housed in an annular chamber 44 or a series of radiallyextending chambers secured to the outside of the suction tube wall.
  • the pins 42 are tangential to the suction tube, seen in plan view, and there may be four, six, or any convenient number or baflles.
  • the bafiles 41 may be axial of the suction tube, or they may be set at an angle to the axial direction.
  • the impeller 11 In starting operation of a pump or of a reversible pump turbine in the pumping sense, the impeller 11 is first accelerated by any known or convenient means such as an auxiliary motor from rest to synchronous speed in air, the water being depressed down the suction tube by the introduction of compressed air through pipe 31. A small amount of water may be admitted to the impeller seals during this phase, to reduce the risk of the line clearances, with which the impeller runs, being taken up and seizing occurring.
  • the motor 16 is connected to the power supply, e.g. to the grid, and synchronised and the auxiliary motor may be disconnected.
  • the power absorbed in these phases rises from zero to about 3 percent of the normal full load, and they may take, for example, two minutes (see FIG. 3).
  • the full line represents the starting of a pump fitted with adjustable guide vanes 24, which are closed during this period, and the dotted line represents the starting of a pump having only the fixed diffuser vanes 25.
  • the impeller is progressively filled with water; owing to the centrifugal effect the water builds up progressively from the outer periphery of the impeller inwards.
  • This may be achieved either (a) by gradually exhausting the air from the suction tube through pipe 31 allowing the water level to rise slowly into the impeller inlet.
  • the Water picked up by the vanes 14 is centrifuged to the outer periphery and displaces the air in the impeller radially inward; the air is thus compressed and opposes the rise of the water level, and thus the process is stable.
  • water from the delivery pipe 18 into the space between the impeller 11 and the adjustable guide vanes 24 (or fixed diffuser vanes 25) and thence inward into the impeller against the action of centrifugal force.
  • the water may be fed in through a pipe connected to the wall of passage 23, or connected to the stationary casing adjacent the crown 12 (outside seal 33) or adjacent the skirt 13 of the impeller.
  • it may be achieved by (c) directing a jet or jets of water aimed at the im peller inlet from the suction tube, the jets being supplied from the delivery pipe or from an extraneous source.
  • the inner boundary of the water may be brought inward in this way to substantially the radius of the smallest- :diameter part of the skirt 13, and it is found that the power absorbed in this phase rises from 3 percent to about 10 percent of the normal full load in a machine fitted with adjustable guide vanes, which are in the closed position.
  • the baflles 41 should be extended at least by the time that the third phase, just described, is completed. This phase may take a further minute.
  • the four phases described above are reversible, i.e. the sequence can easily be reversed at any time, and controllable, i.e. the rate of increase of power absorption can be controlled.
  • bafiles 41 which destroy the circumferential component of the vortex adjacent the suction tube wall, this rise in power absorbed can be caused to take place over a longer period, at a rate at which the electrical grid can more easily accept the load. For example this rise in power may take place over 20 seconds, as shown in chain-dashed lines in FIG. 3.
  • the adjustable guide vanes 24 (or in pumps with only fixed difiuser vanes 25, the delivery valve 19) are gradually opened so that the power absorbed is increased in a controllable manner from 27 percent or 60 percent respectively to full load.
  • the bafi les 41 are retracted for normal operation.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown a modification of the arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 particularly suitable for pumps and for reversible pump turbines where the utmost efliciency in turbine operation is not essential.
  • fixed bafiles 5 1 are provided extending diametrically across the suction tube.
  • two bafiles are provided at right angles to one another.
  • FIG. 5 yet another arrangement is shown in which fixed vanes 61 are provided which project radially inward from the wall of the suction tube 20.
  • a hydraulic machine having a casing, an impeller mounted for rotation in said casing, a suction tube mounted on said casing upstream of said impeller for connection to a liquid reservoir, and a plurality of baffles mounted on and extending inwardly of said suction tube, the method of starting said machine comprising the steps of,
  • a method of starting a hydraulic machine having a 4 rotatable impeller and a suction tube upstream of said impeller for receiving water from a reservoir comprising the steps of,
  • a hydraulic machine comprising,
  • suction tube mounted on said casing upstream of said impellerfor connection to a liquid reservoir, means for introducing gas into said impeller,
  • bafiles mounted on and extending inwardly of said suction tube adjacent said impeller for suppressing at least partially, the circulatory component of said liquid during entry thereof into said impeller.
  • a hydraulic machine comprising control means selectively operable to retract said bafiies from the liquid flow path along said suction tube.
  • baflles lie in planes containing the axis of said suction tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US314353A 1962-10-15 1963-10-07 Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines Expired - Lifetime US3237563A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB38852/62A GB1006299A (en) 1962-10-15 1962-10-15 Improvements in or relating to hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3237563A true US3237563A (en) 1966-03-01

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ID=10406091

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US314353A Expired - Lifetime US3237563A (en) 1962-10-15 1963-10-07 Hydraulic pumps and reversible pump turbines

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3237563A (de)
AT (1) AT248255B (de)
CH (1) CH403492A (de)
DE (1) DE1528819A1 (de)
ES (1) ES292502A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1006299A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495407A (en) * 1968-04-16 1970-02-17 Aerojet General Co Marine propulsion motors
US3733095A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-05-15 Sss Patents Ltd Electrical power generating plant
US3861823A (en) * 1973-01-15 1975-01-21 Caterpillar Tractor Co Compressor with retractable guide vanes
US3927951A (en) * 1973-09-08 1975-12-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Water turbine
US20110293400A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2011-12-01 Alstom Hydro France Installation for converting hydraulic energy, and a method of controlling such an installation
DE102011008869A1 (de) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-19 Voith Patent Gmbh Wasserturbine oder Pumpturbine oder sonstige hydraulische Maschine
CN103228908A (zh) * 2010-11-02 2013-07-31 沃依特专利有限责任公司 用于水力发电站的混流式泵
US10995727B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2021-05-04 Andritz Hydro Gmbh Power generation plant having a Kaplan, bulb, diagonal flow or propeller turbine
US11566597B2 (en) * 2020-06-19 2023-01-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Startup method of francis turbine and francis turbine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0768935B2 (ja) * 1991-03-13 1995-07-26 株式会社東芝 高落差ポンプ水車
CZ303917B6 (cs) * 2006-10-05 2013-06-26 Jakoube@Jirí Savka vodní turbíny
EP2984331B1 (de) * 2013-04-08 2017-07-05 Voith Patent GmbH Vorrichtung und verfahren zur reduktion von druckschwankungen im saugrohr einer wasser-turbine oder -pumpe oder -pumpturbine

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2262191A (en) * 1940-06-26 1941-11-11 Lewis F Moody Pump
US2306742A (en) * 1940-06-26 1942-12-29 Lewis F Moody Pump
FR951944A (fr) * 1947-08-08 1949-11-07 Rateau Soc Perfectionnement aux compresseurs axiaux
US2687280A (en) * 1954-08-24 Pump-turbine
US3047267A (en) * 1957-02-18 1962-07-31 Neyrpic Ets Method and means for quieting the hydraulic operation of turbines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2687280A (en) * 1954-08-24 Pump-turbine
US2262191A (en) * 1940-06-26 1941-11-11 Lewis F Moody Pump
US2306742A (en) * 1940-06-26 1942-12-29 Lewis F Moody Pump
FR951944A (fr) * 1947-08-08 1949-11-07 Rateau Soc Perfectionnement aux compresseurs axiaux
US3047267A (en) * 1957-02-18 1962-07-31 Neyrpic Ets Method and means for quieting the hydraulic operation of turbines

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495407A (en) * 1968-04-16 1970-02-17 Aerojet General Co Marine propulsion motors
US3733095A (en) * 1970-10-01 1973-05-15 Sss Patents Ltd Electrical power generating plant
US3861823A (en) * 1973-01-15 1975-01-21 Caterpillar Tractor Co Compressor with retractable guide vanes
US3927951A (en) * 1973-09-08 1975-12-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Water turbine
US20110293400A1 (en) * 2009-02-18 2011-12-01 Alstom Hydro France Installation for converting hydraulic energy, and a method of controlling such an installation
US8834102B2 (en) * 2009-02-18 2014-09-16 Alstom Renewable Technologies Installation for converting hydraulic energy, and a method of controlling such an installation
CN103228908A (zh) * 2010-11-02 2013-07-31 沃依特专利有限责任公司 用于水力发电站的混流式泵
JP2013543074A (ja) * 2010-11-02 2013-11-28 フォイト パテント ゲーエムベーハー 水力発電所用のフランシス構造のポンプ
DE102011008869A1 (de) * 2011-01-18 2012-07-19 Voith Patent Gmbh Wasserturbine oder Pumpturbine oder sonstige hydraulische Maschine
US10995727B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2021-05-04 Andritz Hydro Gmbh Power generation plant having a Kaplan, bulb, diagonal flow or propeller turbine
US11566597B2 (en) * 2020-06-19 2023-01-31 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Startup method of francis turbine and francis turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1528819A1 (de) 1969-10-16
ES292502A1 (es) 1964-01-01
AT248255B (de) 1966-07-25
GB1006299A (en) 1965-09-29
CH403492A (de) 1965-11-30

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