US3237645A - Material exchange columns - Google Patents

Material exchange columns Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3237645A
US3237645A US238253A US23825362A US3237645A US 3237645 A US3237645 A US 3237645A US 238253 A US238253 A US 238253A US 23825362 A US23825362 A US 23825362A US 3237645 A US3237645 A US 3237645A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
channels
diaphragm
tank
product
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US238253A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frolich Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3237645A publication Critical patent/US3237645A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
    • B01J19/2425—Tubular reactors in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/26—Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow past each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction
    • B01D3/28—Fractionating columns with surface contact and vertical guides, e.g. film action
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
    • B01D59/28—Separation by chemical exchange
    • B01D59/32—Separation by chemical exchange by exchange between fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B5/00—Water
    • C01B5/02—Heavy water; Preparation by chemical reaction of hydrogen isotopes or their compounds, e.g. 4ND3 + 7O2 ---> 4NO2 + 6D2O, 2D2 + O2 ---> 2D2O
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/122—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing only carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides or oxides of alkali-metals (including Mg)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K7/00—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
    • F16K7/12—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm
    • F16K7/14—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm arranged to be deformed against a flat seat
    • F16K7/17—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm arranged to be deformed against a flat seat the diaphragm being actuated by fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00085—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86815—Multiple inlet with single outlet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to exchange columns having a plurality of ducts or channels in which a liquid and a gaseous or vapor-like medium are caused to flow in opposite directions, and more particularly to the extraction of a product material from such columns.
  • Exchange columns of this kind are used for distillation, rectification, extraction, absorption and similar processes.
  • all the exchange channels open into a common collecting or removal chamber from which the desired enriched product can be withdrawn through a pipe having a closure member such as a valve.
  • each channel is provided with means for effecting withdrawal of the product from that channel, this means having a throttling element or constriction therein and also a closure element such as a valve whose opening is greater than that of the throttling element.
  • a plate is in operative connection with locking elements of the valves for the individual channels and can be reciprocated through the agency of one or more pressure-medium-operated bellows type devices.
  • This system of operating the valves leads to a relatively high constructional outlay, more particularly in the case of a column having a large number of exchange channels and a correspondingly large diameter.
  • the closure members are of absolutely identical construction, they may not all open and close simultaneously.
  • the withdrawal pipes or lines from the various channels of the column open individually into a common collecting vessel and are provided there with a common closure device which takes the form of a flexible diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is connected on one side to a controllable source of pressure, which may be either pneumatic or hydraulic.
  • a controllable source of pressure which may be either pneumatic or hydraulic.
  • the diaphragm is held in a support which defines for the said one side of the diaphragm a control chamber which is closed off from the remainder of the interior of the collecting vessel.
  • Means may be provided for applying a variable pressure to this control chamber, and hence to the one side of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm support comprises a metal plate within the control chamber.
  • the plate is pierced with a number of apertures and is disposed in a metal ring secured to the baseplate of the removal tank by means of a hollow member, the diaphragm being clamped between the metal ring and a clamping ring.
  • the top cover plate of the removal tank continues on its underside as an annular member formed on its periphery with slots serving as exit apertures for product.
  • a rubber diaphragm when the invention is used in a material exchange column used to separate heavy from light water, a rubber diaphragm is used.
  • a rubber diaphragm when the substances being treated in the column are not such as attack rubber.
  • the diaphragm is made of some other resilient substance which is not attacked by the substance being treated in the column.
  • resilient plastic is suitable in many cases.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of one form of apparatus according to the invention for removal of the product from the lower end of a material exchange column, and
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section at an enlarged scale of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown the lower end only of a material exchange colunm 1 having a plurality of parallel channels 2.
  • the piping which supplies the mixture of material to be separated has therefore been omitted.
  • Only six exchange channels 2 are shown, but in practice a larger number of exchange channels, for instance possibly more than 100, will be necessary for many separating processes.
  • the channels 2 extend through a vapor chamber 3, the upper and lower boundary surfaces of which are formed as members 4 and 5 which function as supports for the channels 2. Hot vapor is supplied to and withdrawn from the chamber 3 through pipes 6 and 7.
  • the channels are usually filled with packing. Throttle capillaries (not shown) are disposed in the bottom part of the channels.
  • a tank 8 for receiving the product, for instance concentrated heavy water in vapor form, is suspended below the column from the member 5 by means of a support 9. Extraction tubes 10 connected to the channels open into the tank 8.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in detail a preferred embodiment of the invention, beginning with the extraction tubes 10.
  • the lower ends of these tubes pass through and are secured to the cover plate 8a of the tank 8.
  • a closure member 11 which takes the form of a diaphragm and which is operable to close and to open all of the tubes 10.
  • the diaphragm may be made of rubber.
  • the diaphragm is held between a ring 13 and an outer clamping ring 18, and an apertured metal plate 12 extends across the ring 13.
  • the ring 13 in turn is supported from the baseplate 14 of the tank 8 by means of a hollow conical member 15.
  • the member 15 defines with the diaphragm 11 a chamber 16 which is sealed in gastight fashion from the remainder of the interior of the tank 8.
  • the underside of the cover plate 811 may include an annular projection 19 hearing against the periphery of the diaphragm, with slots 19a in that projection to give access between the space within the tank above the diaphragm and the remainder of the interior of the tank which is outside the member 15.
  • a pipe 20 connects the interior of the tank 8, exteriorly of chamber 16, with a condenser 21.
  • the liquified product may be either withdrawn directly from the condenser or taken through a pipe 22 to a collecting tank, not shown.
  • control chamber 16 can be selectively connected through a pipe 17 and a threeway valve 23 to a pipe 24 and pressure pump 25 or to a pipe 26 and vacuum pump 27.
  • valve 23 is a solenoid valve and is controlled, for example, by a timer (not shown) in dependence upon a preset removal or extraction program. During the time when no product is being removed and in which the product is being enriched in the bottom part of the channels 2,
  • the control chamber 16 is connected via the pipes 17 and 24 to the pressure pump 27, the pressure in the chamber 16 being higher than the pressure in the channels 2.
  • the chamber 16 is connected by the valve 23 to the vacuum pump 27 so that the pressure in the chamber 16 is reduced below the pressure in the channels, and the product then flows from the channels through the tubes 10 and tank 18 into the condenser 21.
  • control chamber 16 may, to close the closure member 11, simply be connected to atmosphere, while to open the closure member the chamber 16 can be connected to a vacuum pump which produces a correspondingly low pressure below the pressure of the column.
  • the opening time instead of being preset, is controlled automatically in dependence upon the concentration of the product in the condenser 21.
  • Theopening time decreases for decreasing concentration and increases for increasing concentration.
  • the product can therefore be automatically maintained within a desired range of concentrations.
  • the invention is. not limited to the embodiment described;
  • the product can be removed in liquid form.
  • the removal system or device according to the invention can be disposed at the upper end of the exchange channels in material exchange columns of the kind in which the more volatile ingredient of the mixture is removed during particular time intervals.
  • Apparatus for controlling the removal of a product fromv a material exchange column having a plurality of vertically extending exchange channels therein said apparatus comprising a tank beneath said channels, a separate conduit extending from each of said channels to the interior of said tank, said conduits terminating within said tank substantially in a common plane, a flexible diaphragm supported within said tank adjacent said plane and beneath the openings of said conduits within said tank in position to be stressed simultaneously against, and alternatively to be simultaneously retracted from, the openings of all of said conduits in said tank, means defining a chamber communicating with the side of said diaphragm opposite said openings and closed from the remainder of the interior of said tank, and means to apply a variable pressure'to said chamber.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
US238253A 1961-11-17 1962-11-16 Material exchange columns Expired - Lifetime US3237645A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1343761A CH388907A (de) 1961-11-17 1961-11-17 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugnisentnahme aus einer Stoffaustauschkolonne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3237645A true US3237645A (en) 1966-03-01

Family

ID=4392434

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US238253A Expired - Lifetime US3237645A (en) 1961-11-17 1962-11-16 Material exchange columns

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3237645A (de)
CH (1) CH388907A (de)
DE (1) DE1147917B (de)
GB (1) GB965156A (de)
NL (2) NL127284C (de)
SE (1) SE310164B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4113619A (en) * 1973-03-22 1978-09-12 Arrington Co., Inc. Waste fluid treatment system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1644792A (en) * 1925-01-16 1927-10-11 Remy Franz Pressure and suction distributing mechanism
US2612185A (en) * 1951-03-14 1952-09-30 Foxboro Co Pneumatic switch
US2677390A (en) * 1949-03-03 1954-05-04 Permutit Co Diaphragm valve
US2698711A (en) * 1951-02-06 1955-01-04 United Aircraft Corp Compressor air bleed closure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1644792A (en) * 1925-01-16 1927-10-11 Remy Franz Pressure and suction distributing mechanism
US2677390A (en) * 1949-03-03 1954-05-04 Permutit Co Diaphragm valve
US2698711A (en) * 1951-02-06 1955-01-04 United Aircraft Corp Compressor air bleed closure
US2612185A (en) * 1951-03-14 1952-09-30 Foxboro Co Pneumatic switch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4113619A (en) * 1973-03-22 1978-09-12 Arrington Co., Inc. Waste fluid treatment system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1147917B (de) 1963-05-02
GB965156A (en) 1964-07-29
SE310164B (de) 1969-04-21
NL127284C (de) 1900-01-01
NL272650A (de) 1900-01-01
CH388907A (de) 1965-03-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3258899A (en) Apparatus for fractionating gaseous mixtures
US1319376A (en) Planooraph co
US3237645A (en) Material exchange columns
US2968474A (en) Vaporizer
US3035888A (en) Process and apparatus for obtaining a constant head of liquid
ES2208844T3 (es) Dispositivo de equilibrado de presion yde aclarado en un recinto.
US3849089A (en) Process, system and apparatus and components thereof for the separation of gaseous components
US3189531A (en) Distillation column for vacuum and pressure operations
GB893633A (en) Improvements in and relating to process and apparatus for inspissating liquids
GB816331A (en) Improvements in liquid-gas separators
US3185211A (en) Fraction collector
US2955457A (en) Apparatus for continuous instrument sampling
US3709471A (en) Gas washing bottle
US3163685A (en) Packed column with side stream withdrawal
US2671332A (en) Yarn package support
US2941376A (en) Devices for the controlled dispensation of a liquefied gas from a pressure container
US2646347A (en) Two-pass high-pressure reactor
GB871242A (en) Improved adsorption apparatus
US3127257A (en) Desiccant cartridge
US2919524A (en) Liquid filling system for bellows assembly
SU623038A1 (ru) Дыхательный клапан
US3298929A (en) Water distillation apparatus with vapor trap
DE919396C (de) Kesselloser Gegendruckfueller
US726355A (en) Pressure-regulating valve.
GB756049A (en) Improvements in or relating to liquid-liquid extraction columns