US3241212A - Apparatus for crimping thermoplastic yarn - Google Patents

Apparatus for crimping thermoplastic yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3241212A
US3241212A US91852A US9185261A US3241212A US 3241212 A US3241212 A US 3241212A US 91852 A US91852 A US 91852A US 9185261 A US9185261 A US 9185261A US 3241212 A US3241212 A US 3241212A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
tube
advancing means
heat
gas
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US91852A
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Cyril G Evans
George A Mobley
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Deering Milliken Research Corp
Milliken Research Corp
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Milliken Research Corp
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Priority to US91852A priority Critical patent/US3241212A/en
Priority to BE614474A priority patent/BE614474A/fr
Priority to GB7613/62A priority patent/GB991771A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/10—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using knife edges, e.g. heated knife edges, for edge crimping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods and apparatus for the treatment of thermoplastic yarn. More particularly, it relates to the heat treatment of thermoplastic yarn which contracts substantially in length by crimp development when heated.
  • thermoplastic yarn It is often desirable to subject thermoplastic yarn to a heat treatment under relatively low controlled tension prior to use, e.g., in the manufacture of woven and knitted fabrics.
  • a heat treatment tends to stabilize the yarn to selected dimensions and fabrics constructed from such stabilized yarn have less tendency to shrink or stretch in use. That such a stabilization step is necessary is probably due to the fact that latent stresses are produced in the yarn during the various processing steps to which it is subjected prior to final use, e.g., drawing, crimping or bulking operations. In use, these stresses manifest themselves by changes in the configuration of the yarn or products prepared therefrom.
  • the purpose of the heat treatment is to release these stresses under preselected and controlled conditions.
  • the usual procedure for stabilizing yarn is to overfeed the yarn into a heat processing zone so as to heat it to a temperature between its glass point, i.e., its second order transition point, and its sticking temperature.
  • the degree of overfeed is determined by the properties desired in the finished product.
  • One of the most common types of thermoplastic yarn which is subjected to a stabilization step or post treatment is bulked or crimped yarn, i.e., yarn which has been subjected to some deformation, e.g., false twisting, stufiing box or edge crimping, to produce actual or latent crimp in the yarn when in its relaxed state.
  • the thus treated yarn is seldom bulked or crimped exactly to the desired degree or is adequately stable as a result of the crimping or bulking step alone'
  • merely heating at an elevated temperature while the yarn is unrestrained may produce too great a contraction, i.e., bulking or crimping.
  • the yarn is therefore overfed a selected amount into a heat processing zone, which amount of overfeed is less than the amount the yarn would contract if it were completely unrestrained, e.g., in hank form.
  • Still another object is the provision of methods and apparatus for drawing, edge crimping and. post treating a running length of yarn in a continuous operation.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus according to this invention showing principal parts and their relative location;
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic view of an alternate apparatus according to this invention incorporating drawing and crimping stages;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged, broken longitudinal crosssectional view showing the terminal portions of the heater tube and the gas tube employed in the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1.
  • a supply package 1 for supplying a running length of yarn 2.
  • Guide means 3 and 4 carry the yarn through a gate-type tension regulator 5 to a capstan yarn advancing means 10 consisting of a larger driven roll 11 and a smaller driven roll 12.
  • Another idler roll 13 is provided in conjunction with driven roll 11 to keep the yarn positioned properly on yarn advancing means 10.
  • Adjacent to yarn advancing means Ill is an elongated hollow tube 30, having an open end entrance 31 and an open end exit 32. Tube 30 is bent at 33 for compactness.
  • a source of E.M.F. 36 is connected to tube 30 at points 37 and 38 by wires 34 and 35.
  • a smaller tube 40 connected to a gas supply 41 is shown inserted in the open end 31 of tube 30.
  • Tube 40 can be heated by a resistance wire 42, connected to a source of electrical current, not shown, and wrapped several turns around tube 40.
  • tube 30 can be provided with flared edges and 81 at open ends 31 and 32 to facilitate the passage of yarn 2 through tube 30.
  • Guide means 50 is provided to guide yarn 2 from yarn advancing means 20 to a take-up package 51, driven by suitable means, such as a surface driving roll 52.
  • the apparatus shown within Section A of FIGURE 1 can be incorporated into a unitary drawing, crimping and heat processing apparatus as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • a drawing operation is provided by a pair of capstan yarn advancing means 60 and 63, positioned adjacent guide means 4, the former consisting of a pair of driven rolls 61 and 62 and the latter by a driven roll 64 and an idler roll 65.
  • Adjacent yarn advancing means 63 is a suitable crimping or bulking apparatus,
  • FIGURE 2 shown schematically in FIGURE 2 as a blade 70, adjacent yarn advancing means 10, having an edge 71 of small radius of curvature, e.g., 2 to 20 ten thousandths of an inch, i.e. an arcuate edge.
  • edge 71 of small radius of curvature e.g., 2 to 20 ten thousandths of an inch, i.e. an arcuate edge.
  • Smaller rolls 62, 65, 12 and 22 are preferably canted slightly with respect to the radial axis of larger rolls 61, 64, 11 and 21, respectively, so as to ensure that the yarn passing through yarn advancing means 60, 63, and does not become entangled.
  • Smaller driven rolls 62, 12 and 22 are conveniently driven by a belt connection, not shown, to larger driven rolls 61, 11 and 21, respectively.
  • Tube or the gas supplied by tube 40, or both, can be heated by any suitable means so as to heat yarn 2 as it passes through tube 30.
  • Tube 30 can be of any length sufficient to heat the yarn to the desired temperature for a minimum of about /2 second, preferably to 2 seconds or more.
  • the diameter of tube 30 is preferably less than about inch, more desirably, about to inch, but greater than the overall diameter of the yarn being passed therethrough, e.g., so that the inside cross sectional area of the tube is about 2 to 3 or more times that of the diameter of the yarn as it enters.
  • Tube 30 need not be of uniform inside diameter. For example, it is sometimes desirable, when processing multi-filament yarn, to have open end 31 somewhat narrower than initial portion 82 so as to increase the change in pressure due to the Bernoulli effect or to facilitate the billowing of the yarn at initial portion 82.
  • tube 30 it is sometimes desirable to constrict somewhat terminal portion 83 of tube 30 so as to control the final diameter of yarn fixed by the heat processing, i.e., control bulking.
  • the tube 30 is heated by applying a voltage thereto, it is desirable to employ high resistance material in the construction thereof, e.g., stainless steel.
  • high resistance material e.g., stainless steel.
  • other direct means of heating tube 30 is employed or if it is heated indirectly, e.g., by hot air passing therethrough, it can be constructed of other materials such as glass, ceramics or chrome plated copper or brass.
  • tube 30 is shown with a bend at 33, it can be a straight tube or formed into a series of coils, depending on the length of the tube and space considerations. Usually sharp bends are undesirable and should be avoided.
  • Tube is preferably a capillary tube, e.g., of an inside diameter of 0.01 to 0.05 inch, preferably about 0.02 to 0.03 inch, so that the gas is emitted from open end 43 thereof at relatively high velocity, thereby producing maximum turbulence at the initial portion 80 of tube 30.
  • Its capillary length will depend on the volume of gas to be passed through it. A length of about 2 to 10 inches is usually satisfactory and does not restrict unduly the volume of gas passing therethrough.
  • Open end 43 of tube 40 is preferably positioned near the inside surface of tube 30 so as not to interfere with the yarn as it enters open end 31 of tube 30.
  • the longitudinal axis of open end 43 of tube 40 can be positioned parallel or obliquely of the longitudinal axis of the initial portion 82 of tube 30.
  • the gas supplied to tube 40 by supply means 41 is preferably compressed air, although other gases substantially inert to the yarn being processed can also be employed, e.g., superheated steam or nitrogen. If tube 30 is heated, tube 40 can be mounted along the surface thereof thereby pre-heating the gas as it passes through tube 40 or tube 40 can be heated by separate means.
  • tube 40 is shown in the drawings as positioned near the open end 31 of tube 30, it will be apparent that it can be mounted at any suitable point along tube 30, gaining entrance thereto by providing a hole in the wall of tube 30.
  • the drawing apparatus shown in FIGURE 2 is represented by the yarn advancing means 60 and 63. Such elements can, however, be replaced by any of the single or multi-stage elements of a drawing apparatus known in the art. Drawing ratios of from about 2:1 to 10:1 can be employed, depending on the yarn being drawn. Ratios of from about 3:1 to 5:1 are common for such a single stage drawing operation.
  • roll 64 can be heated, although the heat generated by the drawing may suffice. It is desirable to have driven roll 64 constructed of a material such that it provides a heat sink, thereby ensuring uniformity of conditions. This modification is particularly desirable when employing an edge crimping apparatus subsequent thereto.
  • Sharp edge 71 of blade 70 is then placed in close proximity to the hot surface of driven roll 64 so that the yarn is in a heated state as it passes over the sharp edge 71 of blade 70.
  • the tubular heat processing apparatus shown in the drawings is well suited for processing yarn going into the tube at velocities from as low as 20 yards per minute, and is especially valuable at velocities from about 40 to 200 yards per minute to as high as 300 to 400 yards or more per minute.
  • the apparatus of FIGURE 2 can suitably be mounted on a frame such as those commonly employed in nylon drawing apparatus, e.g., a draw twister or draw winder.
  • thermoplastic yarn is taken from supply package 1 through tension regulator 5 and then wrapped a sufiicient number of turns around rolls 11 and 12 of yarn advancing means 10 to ensure non-slippage and then into tube 30.
  • the gas provided by tube 40 can be used to facilitate threading the yarn through tube 30.
  • the yarn is then wrapped several turns around rolls 21 and 22 of yarn advancing means 20 to ensure non-slippage and thence to the take up package 51.
  • the apparatus is set up, e.g., by a series of interchangeable gears, so that yarn advancing means 10 overfeeds the yarn to yarn advancing means 20 at a selected rate such that the desired degree of contraction is obtained in the yarn.
  • the term contraction includes both actual reduction in length of the treated yarn and apparent reduction in length, caused by increased bulking of the yarn in a relaxed state.
  • the selected undrawn or partially drawn yarn after leaving tension regulator 5 is wrapped several turns around rolls 61 and 62 of yarn advancing means 60 and then wrapped several turns around rolls 64 and 65 of yarn advancing means 63.
  • the relative speeds of driven rolls 61 and 64 is adjusted, e.g., by a set of interchangeable gears, so that the yarn is underfed to yarn advancing means 63, e.g., in the usual range of a drawing operation.
  • the yarn is then passed over edge 71 of blade and then wrapped several turns around rolls 11 and 12 of yarn advancing means 10.
  • the driving means, not shown, for yarn advancing means 60, 63, 10 and 20 and for take-up package 51 is preferably of a variable drive type such that different yarn processing speed can be achieved without altering the speeds of these advancing means relative to each other. This can be accomplished by procedures well known in art.
  • the selected final yarn velocity is determined by the speeds of yarn advancing means 20 and take-up means 51, the latter merely being adjusted for proper pick-up of the yarn advanced by advancing means 20.
  • the speed of yarn advancing means 10 is adjusted in relationship to the speed of yarn advancing means 20 so as to provide the desired degree of overfeed and permit the yarn to contract the desired amount, within a range such that very low tension is applied to the yarn as it passes between them.
  • overfeeds of from about 1% to 25%, ordinarily 5% to 20%, can be employed.
  • the overfeed should be such that the yarn is pushed or stuffed into the entrance of tube 30 rather than being pulled therein by the contraction of the yarn, thereby ensuring that the yarn is satisfactorily removed from the overfeeding yarn advancing means 10 rather than becoming entangled therein.
  • the speed of yarn advancing means 63 is adjusted relative to the speed of yarn advancing means 10 so that a suitable tension is available for the crimping step, e.g., from 0.1 to 1.0 gram per denier.
  • the speed of yarn advancing means 60 is then set relative to the speed of yarn advancing means 63 so as to provide the desired draw ratio.
  • the heat means used to heat the yarn as it passes through tube 30 is preferably activated before the yarn is passed at operating velocities through the apparatus. However, additional heat may have to be provided at high operating velocities if the yarn is to be heated to relatively high temperatures. Ordinarily it is desired to heat the yarn to about 100 to 225 C., e.g., 150 to 200 C., although longer heating times at, e.g., 80 C., or very brief heating times at, e.g., 250 C., may sometimes be preferred, depending on the glass and sticking temperatures of the yarn being processed.
  • the velocities and volumes of gas provided by tube 40 can be varied over a wide range, so long as there is thus provided a volume of gas passing concomitantly with the yarn through tube 30 substantially in excess of the volume produced by windage alone, e.g., from a 10% increase, preferably at least a 50% increase, to a 2 or 3 fold or more increase.
  • Air velocities in the tube varying from about 20 to 800 feet per minute and volumes varying from about 0.1 to 1.5 cubic feet per minute or more can be employed with satisfactory results.
  • any volume of gas passed through tube 30 in excess of that caused by windage alone will assist the yarn therethrough, it is ordinarily preferred to provide gas of a volume and velocity such that the stream of gas passing concomitantly through tube 30 with the yarn has a linear velocity in excess of that of the yarn in the tube. Very high volumes and relative velocities which would tend to loop or snarl the yarn are unnecessary and not desired.
  • the optimum gas volume will depend on the relative cross sectional areas of the tube 30 and the yarn passing therethrough and the optimum gas volocity will depend on the yarn velocity, among other things.
  • thermoplastic yarn can be employed in the heat processing apparatus of this invention, but is preferably multi-filament, e.g., nylon 6 and nylon 66, polyesters, e.g., Dacron, cellulose triacetate, polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • multi-filament 6 yarn e.g., 300 to 15,000, preferably 500 to 8,000 and more preferably 3,000 to 5,000 total denier, having a denier per filament of about 7 to 25, preferably 18 to 20, such as carpet or upholstery yarn, especially those which bulk or crimp when heated, either by development of latent crimp or by increasing the actual or apparent crimp therein.
  • EXAMPLE Using the apparatus shown in FIGURE 2, undrawn multi-filament nylon 6 containing 68 filaments and a total denier of approximately 4,000 was drawn, edge crimped and heat processed.
  • the draw ratio, between yarn advancing means 60 and yarn advancing means 63 was 3.58:1.
  • Roll 64 was heated to about C.
  • the edge 71 of blade 70 had a radius of curvature of 0.0005 inch.
  • the speed of yarn advancing means 10 was adjusted in relationship to yarn advancing means 63 so as to permit a 1.2% shrinkage of the yarn after passing over the blade, i.e., their relative speeds were 0.988z1.
  • the speed of yarn advancing means 10 was adjusted to advance the yarn at about 93 yards per minute.
  • Tube 30 was a 6 foot stainless steel tube, bent as shown in FIGURE 1, with an inside diameter of inch. It had a resistance between points 37 and 38 of 0.13 ohm. 4.4 volts were applied between points 37 and 38 so as to heat the tube to about C.
  • Tube 40 was a capillary tube of 0.023 inch inside diameter and supplied 0.265 cubic feet per minute of unheated air from a compressed air source maintained at 105 pounds pressure. The speed of yarn advancing means 20 was adjusted so that the yarn was overfed thereto at a rate of 14% by yarn advancing means 10.
  • the resulting yarn was tufted into a looped pile carpet containing 22 ounces of yarn per square yard which was then dyed a light green. Coverage was excellent, the backing was not visible, resiliency was outstanding, pile height was high, and there was no evidence of banding.
  • the carpet was commercially acceptable in all its characteristlcs.
  • Apparatus for processing a running length of thermoplastic yarn which contracts substantially in length by crimp development when heated comprising a yarn supply means, yarn edge crimping means and a yarn take-up means, an elongate-d narrow tube with substantially unrestricted openings at its ends so as to permit yarn and a gas to pass freely and concomitantly therethrough, means to heat said tube to a selected temperature sufficient to heat said yarn while in said tube to a temperature between 100 and 225 C., compressed gas means positioned so as to provide a stream of gas through said tube in the direction of yarn flow of a volume substantially in excess of the volume caused by windage alone, yarn advancing means to positively overfeed said yarn into said tube at very low tension at a rate greater than the rate at which said yarn is withdrawn from said tube, and yarn advancing means to withdraw said yarn from said tube.
  • Apparatus for processing a running length of undrawn, multifilament thermoplastic yarn comprising a yarn supply means, a first yarn advancing means driven so as to underfeed said yarn from said yarn supply means to a second driven yarn advancing means at a rate to provide a selected draw ratio, said second yarn advancing means comprising a heated roll; edge crimping means comprising an arcuate edge immediately adjacent the heated surface of said heated roll, guide means to guide said yarn from said second yarn advancing over said tarcuate edge to a third yIarn advancing means, driven so as to overfeed said yarn into an elongated, narrow tube from 1 to 20 feet in length having an inside diameter between about and -"/s inch along substantially its entire length and substantially unrestricted openings at its ends so as to permit yarn and gas to pass freely and concomitantly therethrough, means to heat said tube to a selected temperature sufficient to heat said yarn while in said tube to a temperature between 100 and 225 C.; a source of compressed air positioned proxi
  • said source of compressed air comprises a capillary tube inserted into the yarn entrance to said tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US91852A 1961-02-27 1961-02-27 Apparatus for crimping thermoplastic yarn Expired - Lifetime US3241212A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91852A US3241212A (en) 1961-02-27 1961-02-27 Apparatus for crimping thermoplastic yarn
BE614474A BE614474A (fr) 1961-02-27 1962-02-27 Procédé et appareil pour le traitement de fils thermoplastiques
GB7613/62A GB991771A (en) 1961-02-27 1962-02-27 Methods and apparatus for processing thermoplastic yarns

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296681A (en) * 1964-07-16 1967-01-10 Shell Oil Co Method of crimping polyolefin fibers
US3408716A (en) * 1967-03-24 1968-11-05 Heltra Inc Yarn processing apparatus
US3439391A (en) * 1965-09-20 1969-04-22 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus and method for edgecrimping and/or heat treating yarn
US3443009A (en) * 1964-08-17 1969-05-06 American Cyanamid Co Process for relaxing filamentary material
US3457602A (en) * 1967-11-14 1969-07-29 Monsanto Co Tensionless bulking apparatus and method
US3594879A (en) * 1964-10-26 1971-07-27 Bancroft & Sons Co J Control mechanism for stuffer crimper
US3601872A (en) * 1967-12-12 1971-08-31 American Enka Corp Manufacture of crimped yarns
US3696478A (en) * 1969-09-23 1972-10-10 Ici Ltd Treatment of yarns

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520202A (en) * 1946-01-21 1950-08-29 Celanese Corp Treatment of filaments, foils, and similar articles
US2584043A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-01-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for processing filamentary materials
FR1124622A (fr) * 1955-04-08 1956-10-15 Thibord Ets Henri Fil ondulé en matière naturelle, synthétique ou artificielle et sa fabrication
CA561067A (fr) * 1958-07-29 Monsanto Chemical Company Traitement de fibre
US2874446A (en) * 1955-11-04 1959-02-24 American Cyanamid Co Method of producing a tow of filamentary material
CH345969A (fr) * 1955-07-14 1960-04-30 Deering Milliken Res Corp Appareil pour traiter un fil continu
US2944319A (en) * 1958-04-08 1960-07-12 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Heating device for filaments
US2977741A (en) * 1959-11-10 1961-04-04 Lawrence E Stroman Mechanical cotton defoliator and topper
US3003222A (en) * 1958-11-17 1961-10-10 Du Pont Controlled relaxation of freshly drawn nylon
US3055080A (en) * 1960-07-19 1962-09-25 Du Pont Apparatus for fluid treatment of tow and yarn bundles
US3077724A (en) * 1957-09-09 1963-02-19 Leesona Corp Apparatus for processing yarns
US3106442A (en) * 1956-07-17 1963-10-08 Montecantini Societa Generale Method of producing dimensionally stable polypropylene fibers
US3117361A (en) * 1960-02-11 1964-01-14 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Yarn heat treatment apparatus
US3142147A (en) * 1959-03-09 1964-07-28 Monsanto Co Voluminous yarn from synthetic continuous thermoplastic filaments

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA561067A (fr) * 1958-07-29 Monsanto Chemical Company Traitement de fibre
US2584043A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-01-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for processing filamentary materials
US2520202A (en) * 1946-01-21 1950-08-29 Celanese Corp Treatment of filaments, foils, and similar articles
FR1124622A (fr) * 1955-04-08 1956-10-15 Thibord Ets Henri Fil ondulé en matière naturelle, synthétique ou artificielle et sa fabrication
CH345969A (fr) * 1955-07-14 1960-04-30 Deering Milliken Res Corp Appareil pour traiter un fil continu
US2874446A (en) * 1955-11-04 1959-02-24 American Cyanamid Co Method of producing a tow of filamentary material
US3106442A (en) * 1956-07-17 1963-10-08 Montecantini Societa Generale Method of producing dimensionally stable polypropylene fibers
US3077724A (en) * 1957-09-09 1963-02-19 Leesona Corp Apparatus for processing yarns
US2944319A (en) * 1958-04-08 1960-07-12 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Heating device for filaments
US3003222A (en) * 1958-11-17 1961-10-10 Du Pont Controlled relaxation of freshly drawn nylon
US3142147A (en) * 1959-03-09 1964-07-28 Monsanto Co Voluminous yarn from synthetic continuous thermoplastic filaments
US2977741A (en) * 1959-11-10 1961-04-04 Lawrence E Stroman Mechanical cotton defoliator and topper
US3117361A (en) * 1960-02-11 1964-01-14 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Yarn heat treatment apparatus
US3055080A (en) * 1960-07-19 1962-09-25 Du Pont Apparatus for fluid treatment of tow and yarn bundles

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296681A (en) * 1964-07-16 1967-01-10 Shell Oil Co Method of crimping polyolefin fibers
US3443009A (en) * 1964-08-17 1969-05-06 American Cyanamid Co Process for relaxing filamentary material
US3594879A (en) * 1964-10-26 1971-07-27 Bancroft & Sons Co J Control mechanism for stuffer crimper
US3439391A (en) * 1965-09-20 1969-04-22 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus and method for edgecrimping and/or heat treating yarn
US3408716A (en) * 1967-03-24 1968-11-05 Heltra Inc Yarn processing apparatus
US3457602A (en) * 1967-11-14 1969-07-29 Monsanto Co Tensionless bulking apparatus and method
US3601872A (en) * 1967-12-12 1971-08-31 American Enka Corp Manufacture of crimped yarns
US3696478A (en) * 1969-09-23 1972-10-10 Ici Ltd Treatment of yarns

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GB991771A (en) 1965-05-12
BE614474A (fr) 1962-06-18

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