US3246874A - Overspeed limiting device for hydraulic machines - Google Patents

Overspeed limiting device for hydraulic machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3246874A
US3246874A US432805A US43280565A US3246874A US 3246874 A US3246874 A US 3246874A US 432805 A US432805 A US 432805A US 43280565 A US43280565 A US 43280565A US 3246874 A US3246874 A US 3246874A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stator
band
crown
runner
high pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US432805A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sproule Robert Stanley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dominion Engineering Works Ltd
Original Assignee
Dominion Engineering Works Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dominion Engineering Works Ltd filed Critical Dominion Engineering Works Ltd
Priority to US432805A priority Critical patent/US3246874A/en
Priority to GB5063/66A priority patent/GB1135012A/en
Priority to CH209366A priority patent/CH451852A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3246874A publication Critical patent/US3246874A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • F03B15/18—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically for safety purposes, e.g. preventing overspeed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to rotating hydraulic machines such as turbines, and pump/ turbines, which are characterized by having a shrouded runner and in which provision is made to aerate the spaces between the runner and the stationary members of the machine during normal operations of the machine and has particularly reference to the provision of new and improved means for automatically limiting overspeed of such machines.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide new and improved means for automatically limiting the overspeed of rotating hydraulic machines incorporating aerated shrouded runners, in order that economic advantages can be taken of lower permissible design stress in the turbine and the associated electrical equipment.
  • These improved means incorporate a hydro-dynamic brake without the disadvantages noted above.
  • a hydraulic machine including a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft, and seals between the runner and the stator, an annular chamber between the crown of the runner and the stator, and an annular chamber between the band of the runner and the stator, said annular chambers being located on the high pressure side of their corresponding seal-s, means for aerating at least one of said annular chambers during operation of the machine,
  • braking means in at least one of saidacrated chambers which braking means comprise a plurality of oppositely aligned pockets formed in the stator and the runner within the confines of said chamber, and control means responsive to increased speed of rotation of the escape of air from the pockets whereby working fluid is admitted to the pockets to provide a braking force on the runner.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary radial vertical section of a high head mixed flow turbine incorporating the preferred execution of the invention and;
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows.
  • Members 1, 2 and 3 combine to form a runner 32 which rotates with shaft 4.
  • the crown 1 and the band 2 are each bounded by a high pressure edge and low pressure edge, said high pressure edge being at a larger radius from the :axis of rotation than said low pressure edge.
  • Running clearances 13 and 14 are provided between the stator 33 and the high pressure edges of the crown and band of the runner 32.
  • a seal 8 is provided adjacent to the low pressure edge of the band 2 and a seal 7 is located intermediate the ends of the crown 1 at substantially the same radius from the shaft as seal 8.
  • An annular chamber 10 is provided adjacent to the high pressure end of the runner, between the stator 33 and the crown 1.
  • An annular chamber 11 is likewise provided adjacent the high pressure end of the stator 33 and the band 2.
  • the annular chambers 10 and 11 are in direct communication with the clearances 13 and 14 respectively.
  • the seals 7 and 8 are of a type suitable to retain air in the shroud chambers 10 and 11. Air pipes 36) and 31 feed air into the chambers 10 and 11 respectively. It will be understood however that both of the chambers 10 and 11 need not be aerated in order to employ my invention. My invention may be employed at either or both chambers 10 and 11 depending upon which chambers are aerated.
  • annular chamber 10 is shown adapted to accommodate a hydro-dynamic brake of a type which is well known in the art.
  • the portion of the static member 33 which forms part of the periphery of the annular chamber 10 is provided with a set of transverse ribs spaced around the annular chamber to form a series of pockets 15. These ribs are not illustrated but are the same as the set of ribs 16a provided in the crown 1 (FIG. 2) which form a series of pockets 16. These two series of pockets 15 and 16 cooperate together, and act as the hydro-dynamic brake when water is introduced therein.
  • a sufficient clearance 34 is provided between aligned ribs 16a in the crown and the ribs in the stator to permit the air from supply pipe 30 to circulate freely throughout the pockets 15 and 16 and also to permit the flow of water either into or out of said pockets through clearance 13.
  • a source of air under pressure is introduced by pipe 30 as shown in FIG. 1, and is tapped into a second pipe 25.
  • An air discharge valve 24 such as a solenoid operated valve, is connected in air pipe 25, in parallel with the air supply to chamber 10 and terminates in an exit or escape pipe 26.
  • Pipes 25 and 26 are of greater diameter than the air inlet pipe 30 in order to carry away air introduced through pipe 30 as well as air discharging from chamber 10 when discharge valve 24 is opened.
  • the air discharge valve 24 is connected by electrical conductor leads 23 to a source of electrical energy 27 and an electrical switch 22.
  • Switch 22 may be actuated by a speed sensing device, for example, a runner driven governor 19 by means of a movable slide plate 20 and a bell crank 21.
  • chambers 10 and 11 contain water, which will rotate in the chambers upon rotation of the runner. However, when the machine is started up and the runner rotates, air is introduced into either one or both of the chambers 1:1 and 11. Centrifugal force acts upon the contents of the chambers, and the water which is denser than the air, is thrown outwards from the shaft axis towards clearances 13 and 14, and the chambers 10 and 11 are refilled with air in the manner described in co-pending United States patent application Serial No. 201,881, Sproule and Boyd filed on June 12, 1962 and assigned to the same assignee as the present application. Ideally, all the water in the chambers 10 and 11 is replaced by air.
  • speed sensing device 19 When the machine has again resumed normal operating speed, speed sensing device 19 will linearly move slide 20 downwardly, thereby moving bell crank 21 away from the solenoid operated switch 22. This action closes the air discharge valve 24 so that air is once more admitted to chamber 10.
  • the water in pockets 15 and 16 is driven out through clearance 13, as a result of the centrifugal action thereon and is replaced by air as described in the above mentioned pending US. application.
  • braking pockets may also be provided in the band chamber 11, in which case a separate air discharge valve and air discharge pipe would be connected with the air inlet pipe 31.
  • the blade elements of the runner may be extended through the runner shroud into one or both of the aerated chambers to act as dividing ribs.
  • the spaces between adjacent ribs may therefore be employed as pockets for the purpose described above.
  • these blade extensions must be in alignment with corresponding ribs provided on the static member and extending into the aerated chamber as explained previously and that a clearance 34 must be provided between the aligned blade extensions and ribs.
  • a stator In a rotary hydraulic machine, a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft comprising a crown and a band, and blades spaced between the crown and band, said crown and band each being bounded by a high pressure edge and a low pressure edge, said high pressure edges being at a larger radius from the axis of rotation than said low pressure edges, said high pressure edges and said low pressure edge of the band being positioned in cooperating relationship to said stator and dimensioned so as to provide running clearances between said edges and said stator, a crown seal and a band seal to provide sealing between the runner and the stator at points remote from said high pressure edges where said runner and stator are in close proximity, a first annular chamber extending between the crown seal and the high pressure edge of the crown and defined by the crown and the stator, a second annular chamber extending between the band seal and the high pressure edge of the band and defined by the band and the stator, means for aerating at least one of said annular
  • a stator In a rotary hydraulic machine, a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft comprising a crown and a band, and blades spaced between the crown and band, said crown and band each being bounded by a high pressure edge and a low pressure edge, said pressure edges being at a larger radius from the axis of rotation than said low pressure edges, said high pressure edges and said low pressure edge of the band being positioned in cooperating relationship to said stator and dimensioned so as to provide running clearances between said high pressure edges and said stator, a crown seal and a band seal to provide sealing between the runner and the stator at points remote from said high pressure edges where said runner and stator are in close proximity, a first annular chamber extending between the crown seal and the high pressure edge of the crown and defined by the crown and the stator, a second annular chamber extending between the band seal and the high pressure edge of the band and defined by the band and the stator, means for aerating at least one of said annul
  • a stator In a rotary hydraulic machine, a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft comprising a crown and band, and blades spaced between the crown and band, said crown and band each being bounded by a high pressure edge and a low pressure edge, said'high pressure edges being at a larger radius from the axis of rotation than said low pressure edges, said high pressure edges and said low pressure edge of the band being positioned in cooperating relationship to said stator and dimensioned so as to provide running clearances between said high pressure edges and said stator, a crown seal and a band seal to provide sealing between the runner and the stator at points remote from said high pressure edges where said runner and stator are in close proximity, a first annular chamber extending between the crown seal and the high pressure edge of the crown and defined by the crown and the stator, a second annular chamber extending between the band seal and the high pressure edge of the band and defined by the band and the stator, means for aerating the annular chamber extending
  • a stator In a rotary hydraulic machine, a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft comprising a crown and a band, and blades spaced between the crown and band, said crown and band each being bounded by a high pressure edge and a low pressure edge, said high pressure edges being at a larger radius from the axis of rotation than said low pressure edges, said high pressure edges and said low pressure edge of the band being positioned in cooperating relationship to said stator and dimensioned so as to provide running clearances between said high pressure edges and said stator, a crown seal and a band seal to provide sealing between the runner and the stator at points remote from said high pressure edges where said runner and stator are in close proximity, a first annular chamber extending between the crown seal and the high pressure edge of the crown and defined by the crown and the stator, a second annular chamber extending between the band seal and the high pressure edge of the band and defined by the band and the stator, means for aerating the annular chamber
  • a stator In a rotary hydraulic machine, a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft comprising a crown and a band, and blades spaced between the crown and band, said crown and band each being bounded by a high pressure edge and a low pressure edge, said high pressure edges being at a larger radius from the axis of rotation than said low pressure edges, said high pressure edges and said low pressure edge of the band being positioned in cooperating relationship to said stator and dimensioned so as to provide running clearances between said high pressure edges and said stator, a crown seal and a band seal to provide sealing between the runner and the stator at points remote from said high pressure edges where said runner and stator are in close proximity, a first annular chamber extending between the crown seal and the high pressure edge of the crown and defined by the crown and the stator, a second annular chamber extending between the band seal and the high pressure edge of the band and defined by the band and the stator, means for aerating the annular chamber
  • a stator In a rotary hydraulic machine, a stator, a shaft, a shrouded runner secured to the shaft comprising a crown and a band, and blades spaced between the crown and band, said crown and band each being bounded by a high pressure edge and a low pressure edge, said high pressure edges being at a larger radius from the axis of rotation than said low pressure edges, said high pressure edges and said low pressure edge of the band being positioned in cooperating relationship to said stator and dimensioned so as to provide running clearances between said high pressure edges and said stator, a crown seal and a band seal to provide sealing between the runner and the stator at points remote from said high pressure edges where said runner and stator are in close proximity, a first annular chamber extending between the crown seal and the high pressure edge of the crown and defined by the crown and the stator, a second annular chamber extending between the band seal and the high pressure edge of the band and defined by the band and the stator, means for aerating the annular chamber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)
US432805A 1965-02-15 1965-02-15 Overspeed limiting device for hydraulic machines Expired - Lifetime US3246874A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US432805A US3246874A (en) 1965-02-15 1965-02-15 Overspeed limiting device for hydraulic machines
GB5063/66A GB1135012A (en) 1965-02-15 1966-02-04 Rotary hydraulic machines
CH209366A CH451852A (de) 1965-02-15 1966-02-14 Hydraulische Rotationsmaschine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US432805A US3246874A (en) 1965-02-15 1965-02-15 Overspeed limiting device for hydraulic machines

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US3246874A true US3246874A (en) 1966-04-19

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US (1) US3246874A (de)
CH (1) CH451852A (de)
GB (1) GB1135012A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3329399A (en) * 1966-12-19 1967-07-04 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Fluid brake for rotary hydraulic machines
US4613281A (en) * 1984-03-08 1986-09-23 Goulds Pumps, Incorporated Hydrodynamic seal
US5823740A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-10-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4664592A (en) * 1983-07-14 1987-05-12 Warman International Limited Centrifugal pump impeller configured to limit fluid recirculation
RU2163980C2 (ru) * 1999-04-05 2001-03-10 Акционерное общество открытого типа "Ленинградский Металлический завод" Система противоразгонной защиты гидротурбины

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE691148C (de) * 1937-08-20 1940-05-17 A W Mackensen Maschinenfabrik Fliehkraftkreiselpumpe
DE714290C (de) * 1940-03-18 1941-11-26 Escher Wyss Maschinenfabrik G Mit Fluessigkeit arbeitende ein- oder mehrstufige Kreiselmaschine
FR928588A (fr) * 1946-06-04 1947-12-02 Bretagne Atel Chantiers Perfectionnements aux pompes à draguer
DE867933C (de) * 1941-03-09 1953-03-05 Siemens Ag Pump-Spaltdichtung
GB934106A (de) * 1960-08-17 1963-08-14 J. M. Voith G.M.B.H.
US3174719A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-03-23 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Francis turbines and centrifugal pumps

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE691148C (de) * 1937-08-20 1940-05-17 A W Mackensen Maschinenfabrik Fliehkraftkreiselpumpe
DE714290C (de) * 1940-03-18 1941-11-26 Escher Wyss Maschinenfabrik G Mit Fluessigkeit arbeitende ein- oder mehrstufige Kreiselmaschine
DE867933C (de) * 1941-03-09 1953-03-05 Siemens Ag Pump-Spaltdichtung
FR928588A (fr) * 1946-06-04 1947-12-02 Bretagne Atel Chantiers Perfectionnements aux pompes à draguer
GB934106A (de) * 1960-08-17 1963-08-14 J. M. Voith G.M.B.H.
US3174719A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-03-23 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Francis turbines and centrifugal pumps

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3329399A (en) * 1966-12-19 1967-07-04 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Fluid brake for rotary hydraulic machines
US4613281A (en) * 1984-03-08 1986-09-23 Goulds Pumps, Incorporated Hydrodynamic seal
US5823740A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-10-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers
US5924844A (en) * 1997-02-25 1999-07-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers

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Publication number Publication date
GB1135012A (en) 1968-11-27
CH451852A (de) 1968-05-15

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