US3253816A - De-aeration of sealing fluid in aerated rotary fluid machines - Google Patents

De-aeration of sealing fluid in aerated rotary fluid machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3253816A
US3253816A US439274A US43927465A US3253816A US 3253816 A US3253816 A US 3253816A US 439274 A US439274 A US 439274A US 43927465 A US43927465 A US 43927465A US 3253816 A US3253816 A US 3253816A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
impeller
fluid
shroud
spaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US439274A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert S Sproule
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dominion Engineering Works Ltd
Original Assignee
Dominion Engineering Works Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dominion Engineering Works Ltd filed Critical Dominion Engineering Works Ltd
Priority to US439274A priority Critical patent/US3253816A/en
Priority to GB8452/66A priority patent/GB1137203A/en
Priority to CH333866A priority patent/CH448749A/de
Priority to FR53243A priority patent/FR1515853A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3253816A publication Critical patent/US3253816A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/002—Injecting air or other fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/006—Sealing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
    • F04D29/165—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/167—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for liquid pumps of a centrifugal flow wheel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rotary fluid-machines, such as pumps and pump turbines of the type which have shrouded impellers, means to aerate the spaces surrounding the shrouds and means to prevent air from escaping into the impeller intake.
  • Air passing into the main stream of working fluid is of little consequence where the machine is operating as a turbine. However, if the machine is operating as apump, the escaping air will enter the impeller and, if in excess, will seriously affect the operating etficiency of the machine.
  • German Patent 714,290 designed to cope with the problem of limiting the quantity of escaping air which reaches the impeller inlet.
  • This patent discloses a leakoff chamber which is separated from the low pressure area adjacent to the impeller inlet by a space seal; this seal is supplied with working fluid under pressure.
  • This method is not fully effective for the following reasons: Firstly, the air-water mixture in both the leak-off chamber and the space-seal is rotated due to the fluid friction drag from the rotating impeller shroud. This results in centrifugal separation of the air and water whereby the.
  • lighter component i.e. air
  • air is urged toward the axis of rotation of the machine.
  • the air leakage path along the clearance of the space seal to the area of the impeller intake is such, that the air moves freely into the impeller intake, because at no point does the leakage path increase in radius to utilize the force of centrifugal separation to impede the escaping air rather than assist it to escape.
  • a secondary defect is that separation of air and water occurs on the high pressure side of the runner seal so that the solubility of air in the water it contacts is high, hence the effectiveness of separation is considerably reduced by the large amount of air that the water retains in solution.
  • the subsequent leakage of air-saturated water past the seal results in the release of alarge quantity of air in the low pressure space at the impeller intake.
  • a rotary fluid machine which incorporates an aerated shrouded impeller, space seals supplied with working fluid under pressure together with radial extensions on the impeller shrouds, and air collection chambers for the removal of air.
  • the air collection chambers are disposed between the low pressure side of the impeller seals and the impeller extensions.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an economical means whereby air leakage from the shroud spaces of an aerated rotary fluid machine is prevented from entering the impeller intake in such quantity as to significantly affect the performance of the machine.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide on both the band shroud and crown shroud of a rotary impeller at locations adjacent to the low pressure sides of the band and crown seals respectively, radial extensions which project outwards from the axis of rotation of the impeller into annular spaces provided in the stationary structure, such that the maximum diameter of these extensions is greater than the diameter at the exits of the fluid seals.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of an impeller and stationary casing embodying the present invention and
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the rotary machine shown in FIG. 1.
  • the rotating assembly comprises crown shroud 1 and band shroud 2 which are connected to each other by a plurality of blades 3.
  • water is pumped from a low pressure at the inlet shown generally at 5 and is dis charged at a higher pressure into a volute casing 6.
  • Conventional close clearance space seals are shown at 8 on crown shroud 1 and at 7 on band shroud 2.
  • Extending from the axial peripheries on the crown and band shrouds 1 and 2 are radial extensions 9 and 10 respectively. These radial extensions are attached to and rotate with the impeller assembly in annular recessed portions 11- element of band seal 7, by radial surface 18, by radial wall 22 and axial wall 23 of stationary structure 26.
  • Parallel surfaces 20 and 21 of shroud 2 of stationary structure 26 respectively, delineate a horizontal annular space 24 which is open to inlet 5.
  • shroud compartment 27 When the machine is operated as a pump, shroud compartment 27 will be aerated by air supply pipe 31 according to the disclosure set forth in co-pending application Serial No. 357,448. There will be a continuous flow of water through peripheral gap 29 and through the passageways 34, 35, 36 and 37, to supply sealing water to seal 7. Excess of air, above that which is required for aeration of compartment 27, is discharged by way of-annular pasageways 38 and 39 into chamber 36, where it is then conveyed by the sealing water by way of passageway 37 through seal 7, to chamber 11.
  • the air-water mixture in manifold 15 can be directed to a separator (not shown) from which the air is discharged to atmosphere and the water is recycled to the machine intake.
  • a separator not shown
  • the air and water of the air-water mixture can be separated at such pressures that they are suitable for aeration and sealing operation respectively, for the lower pressure stages.
  • a'rotary fluid machine having aerated impeller shrouds, with means for preventing the air from passing into the main stream of the working fluid.
  • the means for achieving this result comprises radial extensions on both the band shroud and the crown shroud of the impeller which are so disposed that the air separated by centrifugal action tends to follow the path of least resistance to the leak-off chambers, rather than around the increased radius of the radial extensions and into the impeller intake.
  • a rotary fluid machine comprising a stationary housing, a rotating member, said rotating member comprising axially spaced upper and lower shrouds having a plurality of blades secured therebetween and defining a fluid flow channel, said stationary housing forming shroud spaces between the said upper and lower shrouds and said housing, means for introducing air to the shroud spaces, radial extensions on the impeller shrouds for providing a path of flow from the shroud spaces to the impeller intake on an increasing radius, and means for withdrawing air and water mixture disposed adjacent the radial extensions, the radial extensions acting as a barrier to the flow of air into the impeller intake from the shroud spaces.
  • fluid seal means comprising restricted passageways formed at each end of the shroud spaces to limit the inflow of fluid from the impeller passageway into the shroud spaces.
  • a rotary fluid machine according to claim 1 wherein the inlets for the air withdrawing means are disposed adjacent the area of least radius of the radial extensions whereby air escaping from the shroud spaces are mixing with the fluid tends to be separated from the fluid by centrifugal force and passes through the inlets of the air withdrawing means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US439274A 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 De-aeration of sealing fluid in aerated rotary fluid machines Expired - Lifetime US3253816A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US439274A US3253816A (en) 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 De-aeration of sealing fluid in aerated rotary fluid machines
GB8452/66A GB1137203A (en) 1965-03-12 1966-02-25 Rotary hydraulic machines, such as pumps and pump-turbines
CH333866A CH448749A (de) 1965-03-12 1966-03-09 Rotationsmaschine, insbesondere Pumpe oder Pumpenturbine
FR53243A FR1515853A (fr) 1965-03-12 1966-03-12 élimination de l'air du fluide d'étanchéité, utlisé dans les machines hydrauliques à coussin d'air

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US439274A US3253816A (en) 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 De-aeration of sealing fluid in aerated rotary fluid machines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3253816A true US3253816A (en) 1966-05-31

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ID=23744043

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US439274A Expired - Lifetime US3253816A (en) 1965-03-12 1965-03-12 De-aeration of sealing fluid in aerated rotary fluid machines

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3253816A (de)
CH (1) CH448749A (de)
FR (1) FR1515853A (de)
GB (1) GB1137203A (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3350059A (en) * 1966-10-20 1967-10-31 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Anti-circulation seal
US3398696A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-08-27 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Rotary hydraulic machines
US3447782A (en) * 1966-10-27 1969-06-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Supply of sealing fluid for rotary fluid machines
US3589827A (en) * 1969-08-12 1971-06-29 Sergei Stepanovich Gerasimenko Centrifugal leakproof fluid pump
US3635582A (en) * 1969-03-19 1972-01-18 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Seals for hydraulic machines
US3724966A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-04-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Hydraulic machine crown aeration
US3985464A (en) * 1973-09-26 1976-10-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Spinning reserve device for a water-wheel
US4286919A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-09-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Apparatus for pumping operation of a hydraulic machine having Francis type runner
US4547123A (en) * 1979-10-29 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-stage hydraulic machine and method of operating same
US5823740A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-10-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers
US5941682A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-08-24 Voith Hydro, Inc. Draft tube peripheral plenum
CN104265678A (zh) * 2014-09-26 2015-01-07 浙江理工大学 用于叶轮和蜗壳间隙的密封机构
US20150147154A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-28 Krishna Kumar Bindingnavale Ranga System and method for implementing intrinsic safety in rotating machine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3113273A1 (de) * 1981-04-02 1982-10-21 Klein, Schanzlin & Becker Ag, 6710 Frankenthal Kreiselmaschine
DE3512641A1 (de) * 1984-04-12 1985-10-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Mehrstufige, hydraulische maschine
DE59408214D1 (de) * 1994-12-02 1999-06-10 Sulzer Hydro Gmbh Belüftung einer Francisturbine durch Luftansaugung

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3174719A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-03-23 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Francis turbines and centrifugal pumps

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3174719A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-03-23 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Francis turbines and centrifugal pumps

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398696A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-08-27 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Rotary hydraulic machines
US3350059A (en) * 1966-10-20 1967-10-31 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Anti-circulation seal
US3447782A (en) * 1966-10-27 1969-06-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Supply of sealing fluid for rotary fluid machines
US3635582A (en) * 1969-03-19 1972-01-18 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Seals for hydraulic machines
US3589827A (en) * 1969-08-12 1971-06-29 Sergei Stepanovich Gerasimenko Centrifugal leakproof fluid pump
US3724966A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-04-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Hydraulic machine crown aeration
US3985464A (en) * 1973-09-26 1976-10-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Spinning reserve device for a water-wheel
US4547123A (en) * 1979-10-29 1985-10-15 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Multi-stage hydraulic machine and method of operating same
US4286919A (en) * 1979-12-13 1981-09-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Apparatus for pumping operation of a hydraulic machine having Francis type runner
US5823740A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-10-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers
US5924844A (en) * 1997-02-25 1999-07-20 Voith Hydro, Inc. Dissolved gas augmentation with mixing chambers
US5941682A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-08-24 Voith Hydro, Inc. Draft tube peripheral plenum
US20150147154A1 (en) * 2013-11-26 2015-05-28 Krishna Kumar Bindingnavale Ranga System and method for implementing intrinsic safety in rotating machine
CN104265678A (zh) * 2014-09-26 2015-01-07 浙江理工大学 用于叶轮和蜗壳间隙的密封机构
CN104265678B (zh) * 2014-09-26 2017-02-15 浙江理工大学 用于叶轮和蜗壳间隙的密封机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1137203A (en) 1968-12-18
CH448749A (de) 1967-12-15
FR1515853A (fr) 1968-03-08

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