US3257488A - Method for the orientation of a continuous sheet material by means of stretching, and apparatus for use in the method - Google Patents

Method for the orientation of a continuous sheet material by means of stretching, and apparatus for use in the method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3257488A
US3257488A US21574362A US3257488A US 3257488 A US3257488 A US 3257488A US 21574362 A US21574362 A US 21574362A US 3257488 A US3257488 A US 3257488A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
stretching
orientation
sheet material
breadth
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Rasmussen Ole-Bendt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phillips Petroleum Co
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Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phillips Petroleum Co filed Critical Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority to US380599A priority Critical patent/US3400041A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3257488A publication Critical patent/US3257488A/en
Priority to US728607A priority patent/US3517098A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
    • B29C55/08—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique transverse to the direction of feed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
    • B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/08—Fibrillating cellular materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/47—Processes of splitting film, webs or sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/10—Methods
    • Y10T225/14—Longitudinally of direction of feed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for orientation of continuous sheet material by means of stretching with the particular object of obtaining a more uniform orientation of such material by cold stretching than has been possible by the hitherto known stretching methods.
  • Oriented sheets are used among other things for producing laminates and are likewise well suited for producing the so-called splitfibres by means of a splitting process.
  • the method can be applied to any orientable sheet material, but has special advantages when applied to low pressure polyethylene or polypropylene with which it has proved diflicult to obtain a uniform orientation by cold stretching.
  • the method also hasspecial advantages when applied to sheets having varying thickness where the varying thickness tends to become accentuated by the stretching process, to sheets which, for example, by blowing up in combination with extrusion, have beforehand become more or less laterally oriented, and to thick sheets which according to experience are diflicult to cold stretch.
  • the stretching characterisation of an orientable sheet for example of low pressure polyethylene, has a special form, in that by increasing the applied force, an elastic elongation of the sheet will first take place. When the applied force exceeds a certain limit, depending on the material and the sheet dimensions, the elongation will no longer be elastic, but the material undergoes a permanent stretching, and the force necessary for continued stretching is substantially less than the maximum force in the elastic elongation.
  • the phenomenon has a'certain resemblance to that of applying a force to a solid body which is resting on a support and is to be set in motion across the said support.
  • a high initial force is required to start the motion, but once started, the motion can be maintained by means of a far smaller force.
  • the stretching normally occurs in a narrow Zone lateral to the stretching direction and is accompanied by a contraction in the breadth, conditions permitting. This gives rise to the socalled shoulder-efleet, and obviously involves varying force actions over the breadth of the sheet, thus tending to produce uneven stretching. it the contraction is counteracted, this will further accentuate the tendency towards uneven stretching.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that the said deficiencies of the known orientation processes can be remedied by not leaving it to chance where the stretching process is initiated, but to apply the stretching force in such manner as to make the orientation progress in an orderly way.
  • This is effected, according to the invention, by displacing locally applied pressures, which are sufiicient for producing a permanent stretching of the part of sheet acted upon, crosswise over the sheet breadth in a narrow lateral zone as the sheet is being moved forward, and causing the said locally applied pressures to follow closely upon one another.
  • a finishing stretching treatment can then be applied in known manner, if desired.
  • the said pressure actions are localized, according to the invention, by carrying the sheet over two or more rollers or rods set close to one another, between which rollers or rods the pressures are applied.
  • the progress of orientation is limited in the longitudinal direction of the sheet and thus becomes more even.
  • This invention also comprises an apparatus for use in the said method, said apparatus being characterised in that it includes a system of parallel cross beams or rollers spaced a slight distance apart and across which the foil is to be passed, and a system of wheelor ball-formed elements which can be moved forward in the spaces between the said beams or rollers in such manner that a continuous sheet which is passed over the beams or rollers will be depressed therebetween.
  • the fluted roller serves for producing suitable points .of departure for the orientation.
  • a slight pleating is produced, and at the same time the flutes cause a slight stretching to take place as manifested by the formation in the foil of a slipping line pattern consisting of short slipping lines at an angle of 45 to the longitudinal direction.
  • the pleating apparatus serves to compensate for the breadth contraction arising during the orienting process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the essential parts
  • FIG. 2 shows some details seen from above.
  • FIG. 1 denotes a continuous sheet which is tightly passed over a cross-fluted roller 6 and from there further on over two cross-beams 7 and 8 and a pair of pulling rollers 9 and 10.
  • a member for the local application of pressure consisting of a wheel 11, being one of a series of wheels which can 'be brought to roll across the continuous sheet in continuous succession by means of an endless chain arrangement (not shown), thereby locally applying pressure to the sheet.
  • FIG. 2 are shown diagrammatically some details of the progress of orientation.
  • a system of short slipping lines 12 is thus formed at angles of about 45 to the longitudinal direction, and at the same time a slight pleating is imparted to the sheet as indicated by lines 13.
  • the foil goes back to the original level and simultaneously, owing to the distension, a fine longitudinal pleating will be formed continuing across the beam 8.
  • the original slipping line system now forms a dense pattern 15 which disappears together with the fine pleating during a subsequent stretching in known manner.
  • Method of orienting a sheet metal by stretching comprising subjecting the sheet material successively across the breadth of the sheet to local pressure actions, which are suflicient for producing a permanent stretching of the sheet area acted upon, said successive pressure actions being performed successively over narrow lateral zones of the forward moving sheet material, the zones following close upon one another.
  • Method of orienting a sheet material by stretching comprising subjecting the sheet material successively across the breadth of the sheet to local pressure actions, which are sufficient for'producing a permanent stretching of the sheet area acted upon, said successive pressure actions being performed successively over narrow lateral zones of the forward moving sheet material, the zones following close upon one another, and subsequently subjecting the sheet material to a finishing stretching.
  • Method of orienting a continuous sheet material by stretching comprising subjecting said sheet material to longitudinal pleating, passing the sheet over two supporting members placed fairly close to one another, and
  • An apparatus for use in orienting a continuous sheet material by stretching comprising at least two supports, over which the sheet material is to be passed, said supports being mounted close together and parallel to each other, and a system of pressure elements which can be carried forward in the spaces between said supports and press the sheet material passing over said supports out of level with a force sufficient to produce permanent stretching of the sheet area acted upon.
  • a pleating mecha nism for longitudinally pleating of the sheet material, followed by a cross-fluted roller for supporting the pleated continuous sheet material, at least two further supporting rollers, and in the space between the latter a system of pressure members being adapted to apply local pressure actions over the entire breadth of the sheet with suflicient force to effect permanent stretching of the sheet areas acted upon.
  • a method of pre-treating a sheet of orientable plastic material so that said sheet can be uniformly oriented by cold stretching which comprises applying pressures locally at small areas within a lateral zone across the breadth of said sheet with sufficient force to produce permanent stretching of said sheet within the lateral zone acted upon, and repeating such pressure actions along the length of said sheet as it is moved forward whereby slippage lines are produced uniformly across the face of said sheet, said slippage lines serving as loci of departure for further stretching when the sheet is placed under sufilcient tension.
  • a method of uniformly orienting a sheet of orientable plastic material which comprises passing said sheet at a temperature suitable for orientation tightly over a grooved member having closely spaced parallel grooves running parallel to the direction of movement of said sheet so that the crown portions of the ridges between said grooves apply pressure locally at small areas across the breadth of said sheet with sufficient force to produce permanent stretching of said sheet of orientation in the lateral zone contacting said member, and thereafter stretching said sheet longitudinally to produce further orientation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US21574362 1961-08-11 1962-08-08 Method for the orientation of a continuous sheet material by means of stretching, and apparatus for use in the method Expired - Lifetime US3257488A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US380599A US3400041A (en) 1961-08-11 1964-07-06 Pre-stretched plastic films
US728607A US3517098A (en) 1961-08-11 1968-05-13 Process of film stretching over grooved bar

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK325061A DK108294C (da) 1961-08-11 1961-08-11 Fremgangsmåde til orientering af et foliemateriale ved koldstrækning og anlæg til brug ved fremgangsmåden.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3257488A true US3257488A (en) 1966-06-21

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US21574362 Expired - Lifetime US3257488A (en) 1961-08-11 1962-08-08 Method for the orientation of a continuous sheet material by means of stretching, and apparatus for use in the method

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3257488A (da)
DE (1) DE1269331B (da)
DK (1) DK108294C (da)
FR (1) FR1331096A (da)
GB (1) GB987776A (da)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3349431A (en) * 1962-06-08 1967-10-31 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for cold-stretching orientable sheet material
US3491185A (en) * 1965-05-05 1970-01-20 Rasmussen O B Method and apparatus for orienting films made from thermoplastic polymers
US3517098A (en) * 1961-08-11 1970-06-23 Phillips Petroleum Co Process of film stretching over grooved bar
US3539374A (en) * 1966-11-16 1970-11-10 Celanese Corp Porous article
US3718727A (en) * 1970-10-05 1973-02-27 Basf Ag Stretching film of partially crystalline polymers
US3943222A (en) * 1969-06-27 1976-03-09 Ernest Scragg & Sons Limited Manufacturing textile yarns
US4116892A (en) * 1975-03-31 1978-09-26 Biax-Fiberfilm Corporation Process for stretching incremental portions of an orientable thermoplastic substrate and product thereof
US4140827A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-02-20 Compo Industries Inc. Imitation-leather, bias-stretching process
US4251585A (en) * 1978-05-01 1981-02-17 Biax Fiberfilm Corporation Product and process for stretching a tubularly formed sheet of orientable thermoplastic material
US4336638A (en) * 1975-05-23 1982-06-29 Netlon Limited Apparatus for stretching plastic webs
US4352771A (en) * 1981-04-16 1982-10-05 Variform Plastics, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating random shadow patterns in formed vinyl sheet article
US4793885A (en) * 1974-12-11 1988-12-27 Rasmussen O B Method of laminating and stretching film material and apparatus for said method
US20050140057A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-06-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus and method for deforming sheet material
US20060288547A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US20070040000A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US20070040301A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US9765459B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2017-09-19 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US9827755B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2017-11-28 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US9827696B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2017-11-28 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US10369769B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2019-08-06 Fiberweb, Inc. Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1040663A (en) * 1964-03-16 1966-09-01 Plasticisers Ltd Improvements in or relating to yarn, cord, twine and ropes including plied yarns, cords, twine and ropes
JPS4840916B1 (da) * 1970-08-12 1973-12-03

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT181913B (de) * 1950-07-31 1955-05-10 Glanzstoff Ag Verfahren zur Qualitätsverbesserung von Kunstseidefäden, -zwirnen und -korden
US3046599A (en) * 1959-12-30 1962-07-31 Bx Plastics Ltd Stretching apparatus
US3063090A (en) * 1960-01-22 1962-11-13 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for stretching beaded edge film
US3083410A (en) * 1956-11-23 1963-04-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Cold rolling film of high density ethylene polymer
US3088173A (en) * 1961-06-02 1963-05-07 Du Pont Process for preparing oriented polymeric linear terephthalate film with a deglossed writeable surface
US3104937A (en) * 1960-12-08 1963-09-24 American Viscose Corp Method of making a binding strap

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT181913B (de) * 1950-07-31 1955-05-10 Glanzstoff Ag Verfahren zur Qualitätsverbesserung von Kunstseidefäden, -zwirnen und -korden
US3083410A (en) * 1956-11-23 1963-04-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Cold rolling film of high density ethylene polymer
US3046599A (en) * 1959-12-30 1962-07-31 Bx Plastics Ltd Stretching apparatus
US3063090A (en) * 1960-01-22 1962-11-13 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for stretching beaded edge film
US3104937A (en) * 1960-12-08 1963-09-24 American Viscose Corp Method of making a binding strap
US3088173A (en) * 1961-06-02 1963-05-07 Du Pont Process for preparing oriented polymeric linear terephthalate film with a deglossed writeable surface

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3517098A (en) * 1961-08-11 1970-06-23 Phillips Petroleum Co Process of film stretching over grooved bar
US3349431A (en) * 1962-06-08 1967-10-31 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for cold-stretching orientable sheet material
US3491185A (en) * 1965-05-05 1970-01-20 Rasmussen O B Method and apparatus for orienting films made from thermoplastic polymers
US3539374A (en) * 1966-11-16 1970-11-10 Celanese Corp Porous article
US3943222A (en) * 1969-06-27 1976-03-09 Ernest Scragg & Sons Limited Manufacturing textile yarns
US3718727A (en) * 1970-10-05 1973-02-27 Basf Ag Stretching film of partially crystalline polymers
US4793885A (en) * 1974-12-11 1988-12-27 Rasmussen O B Method of laminating and stretching film material and apparatus for said method
US4116892A (en) * 1975-03-31 1978-09-26 Biax-Fiberfilm Corporation Process for stretching incremental portions of an orientable thermoplastic substrate and product thereof
US4336638A (en) * 1975-05-23 1982-06-29 Netlon Limited Apparatus for stretching plastic webs
US4140827A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-02-20 Compo Industries Inc. Imitation-leather, bias-stretching process
US4251585A (en) * 1978-05-01 1981-02-17 Biax Fiberfilm Corporation Product and process for stretching a tubularly formed sheet of orientable thermoplastic material
US4352771A (en) * 1981-04-16 1982-10-05 Variform Plastics, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating random shadow patterns in formed vinyl sheet article
US20050140057A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2005-06-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus and method for deforming sheet material
US7198742B2 (en) 2003-12-30 2007-04-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus and method for deforming sheet material
US20060288547A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US20070040000A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US20070040301A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Zoned stretching of a web
US9827696B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2017-11-28 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US10800073B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2020-10-13 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US9827755B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2017-11-28 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US10369769B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2019-08-06 Fiberweb, Inc. Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US10850491B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2020-12-01 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US11123965B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2021-09-21 Fiberweb Inc. Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US11383504B2 (en) 2011-06-23 2022-07-12 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US9765459B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2017-09-19 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US10253439B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2019-04-09 Fiberweb, Llc Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US10900157B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2021-01-26 Berry Global, Inc. Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article
US11866863B2 (en) 2011-06-24 2024-01-09 Berry Global, Inc. Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1269331B (de) 1968-05-30
DK108294C (da) 1967-11-06
FR1331096A (fr) 1963-06-28
GB987776A (en) 1965-03-31

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