US3260228A - Ceiling constructions for furnaces - Google Patents

Ceiling constructions for furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3260228A
US3260228A US456079A US45607965A US3260228A US 3260228 A US3260228 A US 3260228A US 456079 A US456079 A US 456079A US 45607965 A US45607965 A US 45607965A US 3260228 A US3260228 A US 3260228A
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bricks
abutment
furnace
suspended
ceiling
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US456079A
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Lingl Hans
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/02—Crowns; Roofs
    • F27D1/021—Suspended roofs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/06—Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ceiling constructions for tunnel kilns intended more particularly for firing ceramic products, and it relates especially to ceiling constructions of the fiat suspended type which, owing to their particular construction, can be made gas-tight and are also suitable for kilns operated at high temperatures on the order of 1000 to 1500 C.
  • Tunnel kilns with flat suspended ceilings are known in the art.
  • a difiiculty inherent in prior ceilings of this type is that they are not gas-tight when substantial differences in pressure are involved. Failure of the ceiling of the kiln to be gas-tight results in an unsatisfactory firing process due to cold air entering the firing space. As a result, excessive cooling of the products being fired and uneven temperatures at different locations within the kiln adversely affect the quality of the firing process.
  • Another known method of constructing suspended ceilings is to string abutting ceiling bricks onto I-beams which in turn rest on the side walls of the furnace.
  • the disadvantage of this construction is that the kiln must be shut-down whenever a ceiling brick becomes defective, because any repair requires that the entire beam be dismantled.
  • Another disadvantage of this construction is that the supporting beam is connected directly to the brick and therefore becomes easily overheated.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide ceiling constructions for tunnel kilns which avoid the disadvantages inherent -in prior structures of this type.
  • Another object of the invention is to construct tunnel kilns of substantially greater length and width. It is well recognized that the size of a tunnel kiln is limited by the ability of its ceiling structure to Withstand the destructive effects of expansion at elevated temperatures, of the temperature differential between the inside and outside surfaces of the fire brick, of high temperatures on the metal members which support it, as well as of other factors which may be encountered. For example, the length of the furnace has been limited by the amount which its roof can expand at a given elevated temperature without being damaged. Thus, it will be appreciated that if the fire-brick ceiling expands 1% when the furnace is brought up to a temperature of 1000".
  • the total longitudinal expansion of the ceiling in a furnace 20 meters long will be only 20 cm.
  • the ceiling may be able to withstand that amount of expansion without damage.
  • the total expansion lengthwise of the ceiling will be one meter.
  • Prior ceiling structures have not been able to satisfactorily withstand that much total elongation, and even if they did not fail upon initial heating they would be destroyed upon contraction if the furnace is permitted to cool.
  • Prior tunnel kilns have, therefore, been incapable of withstanding alternate heating and cooling with consequent expansion and contraction, even though they may be able to operate for relatively long periods of continuous operation after being initially brought up to working temperature.
  • tunnel kilns incorporating a roof structure in accordance with the present invention may be built several times longer than it has been possible to construct such a furnace heretofore.
  • ceiling structures of the invention will withstand alternate heating and cooling many times without ill effect.
  • the width of the furnace may be increased substantially over that previously possible in tunnel kilns.
  • the ceiling of the furnace comprises a plurality of so-called abutment bricks extending transversely of the furnace and spaced from each other longitudinally of the furnace, each of said abutment bricks being hung by its upper end from a superimposed outer roof structure of the furnace and disposed in sideby-side relation with each other within each row.
  • abutment bricks Between the rows of abutment bricks are carried rows of so-called suspended bricks, which overlap stepped portions of the abutment bricks at both sides, so that their entire Weight is supported by the abutment bricks.
  • the overlapping surfaces of said bricks are horizontally disposed and in sealing engagement with each other in order to prevent leak-age of air or gas through the joints formed thereby.
  • the abutment and suspended bricks are also disposed relative to each other between rows such that they can expand and contract without shoving each other bodily lengthwise of the furnace. This is accomplished by spacing the vertical edges of the bricks from adjacent parts of the bricks on either side of them longitudinally of the furnace.
  • each brick is free to expand longitudinally of the furnace, thereby preventing the destructive additive effect of the expansion of many bricks over a long distance.
  • both the abutment and suspended bricks can be rigidly pressed together transversely of the furnace in order to force the mutually engaging sides facing transversely of the furnace into gastight engagement with each other. Any expansion in this direction is readily absorbed by resilient sealing ma terial installed at each end of the rows of bricks.
  • the abutment bricks are threaded in rows consisting of clusters of several bricks which extend transversely across the firing gallery of the kiln on a suspension mounting, said rows of abutment bricks being spaced from each other longitudinally of the furnace.
  • Each cluster of bricks can be lifted on its suspension memher out of the kiln upwards so that repairs can be carried out easily. Thanks to the ease with which the abutment bricks can be replaced, repairs to the furnace are greatly simplified and can be executed in much shorter time than in prior systems.
  • the temperature differential between the upper and lower sides of the fire ceiling need not be so great when operating at these extremely high temperatures.
  • the suspension members and hanger straps can be designed to hold up under higher temperatures and to dissipate heat much more rapidly than the heavy metal structural beams. Consequently, by reducing the temperature gradient within the bricks making up the fire ceiling, the expansion stresses within each brick are reduced substantially, making it possible to increase the operating temperature of the furnace without danger of damaging the bricks or the metal members by which they are suspended.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the roof portion of a section of a tunnel kiln showing a partially built ceiling construction according to the invention prior to installation of the outer roof of the furnace;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, but showing the roof completed;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the ceiling structure taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a detail view on an enlarged scale of a section of the ceiling looking in the same direction as FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a detail view looking in the same direction as FIG. 3 and showing two adjacent clusters of abutment bricks, one in elevation and the other in section.
  • the main supporting structure of the furnace including the upper part of its outer brickwork and side walls is indicated by the reference character A.
  • abutment bricks 1 Suspended within the furnace are a plurality of transversely extending rows of abutment bricks 1, which are disposed with their upper ends or heads projecting above the suspended fire ceiling, indicated generally at B.
  • Pro- 'vided in each of said upper sections of the abutment bricks 1 is a T-shaped, upwardly opening slot in which is received a similarly shaped suspension member 2 of suitable length.
  • Slots 10 are provided centrally of abutment bricks 1 so that said bricks hang with their centers of gravity vertically below the suspension member 2 on which they are mounted.
  • abutment bricks 1 are threaded in clusters onto each suspension member 2.
  • Said suspension member 2 is made of a single piece of heat-resistant cast metal, such as steel, which permits adequate dissipation of heat and avoids overheating of the suspension member.
  • the heads of the abutment bricks 1 and the suspension members 2 project into a cooling space 3 formed between the fire ceiling B and the outer roof C of the kiln. Cooling air is passed through the air space 3, causing the heat to be dissipated from the abutment bricks and suspension members. Overheating of the ceilings is thus safely avoided.
  • FIG. 5 shows two clusters of abutment bricks. The bricks in the cluster 1a to the left, as viewed in the drawing, are strung on a suspension member 2a, While those in the cluster 1b to the right, which are shown in section, are mounted on an adjacent suspension member 2b.
  • each suspension member 2 is secured by means of suspension straps 4 to a supporting structure 5, consisting of I-beams, each located directly above a row of bricks 1 and disposed transversely across the firing gallery.
  • the rows of abutment bricks 1 are compressed together be tween the sidewalls of the firing gallery so that the joints between the bricks are sealed against leakage of air or gas in and out of the furnace. Because of the comparatively narrow width of the gallery, the heat expansion occurring in this direction is small.
  • each abutment brick 1 is provided adjacent its lower end with outwardly projecting shoulders 11, the upper sides of which form horizontal support surfaces 12.
  • Each suspended brick 7, on the other hand, has outwardly projecting shoulders 13 adjacent its upper end which form downwardly facing horizontal engagement surfaces 14 on their undersides.
  • Surfaces 14 of suspended bricks '7 overlap support surfaces 12 of abutment bricks 1 in a horizontal plane to form surface-to-surface seals which remain absolutely intact during expansion and contraction of the brick.
  • the suspended bricks 7 are laid so that expansion gaps x (FIG. 4) are provided between the opposite edges of their shoulders 13 and the adjacent sides of abutment bricks 1, and gaps y are left between the edges of the shoulders 11 of the abutment bricks and the adjacent sides of suspended bricks 7. Gaps x and y are shown exaggerated in size in FIG. 4 for purposes of clarity. For any particular spacing of the rows of abutment bricks, designated in FIG. 4
  • dimension I the lengths II and III of abutment bricks 1 and suspended bricks 7, respectively, must be chosen so that a gap x of the desired width may be provided on either side of the flanged part of suspended bricks 7.
  • dimensions IV and V of said abutment brick and suspended brick, respectively likewise must be selected so as to leave gap y on either side of the depending portion of each suspended brick 7. Since abutment bricks I hang vertically from I-beams 5, their centers of gravity lie in the vertical planes which pass through suspension mem-bers 2 and I-beams 5 within each row of abutment bricks.
  • Expansion gaps x and y are desirably of such width that when the furnace is fired and brought up to its operating temperature, the bricks expand longitudinally of the furnace closing said gaps x and y.
  • the horizontal engagement surfaces '12 and 14 of bricks 1 and 7, respectively can move horizontally relative to each other during expansion or contraction of the bricks without disturbing the surface-to-surface engagement between them, a good seal at the joints between bricks is maintained at all times. It will be noted, moreover, that while each of the ceiling bricks 1 and 7 is permitted to expand and contract independently, they do not move bodily themselves, and their centers of gravity are therefore not displaced longitudinally of the furnace.
  • each brick tends to move the ones adjacent it.
  • the total amount of expansion lengthwise of the furnace may be 1 to 2 meters, assuming the bricks expand 1% when the furnace reaches working temperature. If a ceiling this long were rigid, as in prior constructions, the furnace would be destroyed by the stresses and shifting of the brick caused by such expansion.
  • the freedom of each individual ceiling brick to expand in place in the longitudinal direction allows the total lengthwise expansion to be taken up by the gaps between the individual bricks, thereby making feasible construction of ceilings of any desired length.
  • abutment bricks 1 are desirably about half as wide transversely of the furnace as suspended bricks 7.
  • Furnace ceilings constructed in accordance with the invention are capable of lasting for long periods of time, even under intermittent operation, because the roof Works continuously lengthwise of the furnace upon heating and cooling without being damaged by the relative movement between the horizontal sealing surfaces of the bricks.
  • a fire ceiling in accordance with the invention makes possible the construction of tunnel kilns having a length L (FIG. 1) of 200' meters and a width W of 5 meters, or more than twice the length and Width of tunnel furnaces feasible heretofore. Consequently tunnel furnaces intended for operation at elevated temperatures of about 1000 C. to 1400 C. can now be constructed approximately four times the size of the largest such furnace possible before. Such larger furnaces are considerably more economical to construct and operate than the smaller tunnel kilns necessitated by prior ceiling constructions.
  • the [beams 5 are spaced approximately 625 mm. apart along the full length of the furnace with abutment bricks 1 suspended from each I- beam on four suspension members 2, each having from five to seven abutment bricks strung thereon.
  • the length II of the upper end of each abutment brick 1 is 195 mm., while the parallel dimension IV across shoulders 11 at its bottom is 282 mm.
  • Brick 1 is 350 mm. deep overall: 270 mm. from its top to support surface 12 and mm. from surface 12 to its underside.
  • each suspended brick '7 in this particular instance is 425 mm.
  • the length V of its depending portion is 340 mm.
  • its depth is 140 mm.
  • the suspended bricks 7 may be placed between adjacent rows of abutment bricks 1 on support shoulders 11 so as to leave an expansion gap x of about 4 mm. on each side, the expansion gaps y between the bottom portions of the bricks being about 3 mm. wide.
  • the expansion gaps x and y are approximately equal to the amount of expansion of the bricks between the center of gravity of each abutment brick 1 and the center of gravity of the suspended brick 7 on either side thereof.
  • Gaps x and y therefore close when the furnace is brought up to heat.
  • a ceiling thus formed is capable of withstanding repeated heating and cooling between the ambient temperature and, for example, 1400 C. at its inner surface without damage to the ceiling itself or to the outer brickwork of the furnace. From the foregoing example it will be noted that the average length of both the abutment bricks 1 and suspended bricks 7 in the longitudinal direction of the furnace is approximately 300 mm. There will therefore be from about to nearly 700 alternating rows of abutment and suspended bricks in tunnel kilns of from 30 to 200 meters in length.
  • the inner surface of the fire ceiling where the greatest amount of heat is localized, is smooth and uninterrupted, thereby reducing variations in temperature along the firing gallery of the furnace.
  • the underside of the suspended bricks 7 are flush with the lower ends of abutment bricks 1 so that the space between the abutment bricks at the inner surface of the ceiling is filled, the heat from the furnace must travel a greater distance to the metal suspension members 2. Consequently, additional protection against excessive heat is provided these members.
  • the present invention makes possible the use of thinner abutment bricks. Additional thermal insulation is obtained by interposing between the abutment bricks an insulating layer 6 of suitable thickness. In this connection, it is advisable to make the upper surfaces of suspended bricks 7 dish-shaped as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • Layer 6 may consist of fossil meal, diatomitic or other insulating material, which is bound with cement or clay. If this insulating layer in the individual longitudinal kiln sections is made to vary in thickness at the desired points, the temperature gradient in the kiln can be influenced by the ceilings themselves.
  • ceilings constructed according to the present invention are sealed transversely of the firing gallery by means of vertical surfaces and mortar joints, whereas longitudinally of the firing gallery, seals are formed between overlapping horizontal surfaces which are capable of sliding with respect to each other in order to permit the bricks to work continuously as they expand and contract during heating and cooling without, however, disturbing the positions of the bricks relative to each other.
  • the sealing faces may be ribbed, and labyrinth packings may be provided, if desired.
  • a gas-tight ceiling construction comprising a plurality of abutment bricks hung from the supporting structure of the furnace by their upper ends and arranged in rows which are disposed transversely of the furnace and spaced from each other longitudinally thereof, a plurality of suspended bricks arranged in rows between said rows of abutment bricks and supported thereby, said abutment and suspended bricks having mutually engaging, substantially vertical and planar side faces facing transversely of said furnace, said side faces constituting the sole surfaces of engagement in the transverse direction, flexible means for maintaining said bricks in said transverse engagement to gas seal with each other, said suspended bricks having along both sides adjacent said abutment bricks downwardly facing, horizontal, engagement surfaces, said abutment bricks having correspondingly upwardly facing, horizontal support surfaces adjacent their lower ends disposed for cooperative engagement by said engagement surfaces of said abutment bricks, said horizontal engagement surfaces of each suspended brick being

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
US456079A 1962-11-23 1965-05-17 Ceiling constructions for furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3260228A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL43514A DE1209038B (de) 1962-11-23 1962-11-23 Ebene Haengedecke fuer Tunneloefen

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US3260228A true US3260228A (en) 1966-07-12

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US (1) US3260228A (de)
CH (1) CH416430A (de)
DE (1) DE1209038B (de)
FR (1) FR1371146A (de)
GB (1) GB1023045A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345962A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-10-10 Levi S Longenecker Link and yoke suspended roof
US3624733A (en) * 1969-03-17 1971-11-30 Laidlaw Drew And Co Ltd Suspended roof for high-temperature industrial furnaces
US3778950A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-12-18 Chicago Fire Brick Co Removable refractory furnace cover
US4073243A (en) * 1976-12-01 1978-02-14 Merkle & Associates, Inc. Industrial furnace roof assembly and components thereof
FR2402175A1 (fr) * 1977-09-01 1979-03-30 Melting Systems Inc Agencement de toit modulaire de prechauffeur de riblons ou ferrailles
US4539919A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-09-10 S.I.T.I. Societa Impianti Termoelettrici Industriali S.P.A. Supporting structures for furnace crowns
DE19747320A1 (de) * 1997-10-27 1999-04-29 Didier Werke Ag Auskleidungsblöcke und daraus aufgebaute Ofenauskleidung
GB2370102A (en) * 2000-10-11 2002-06-19 Merkle Eng Inc Suspended furnace roof
WO2008134078A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Merkle International, Inc. Removable filler module
US20080271655A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Materna William R Apparatus and method for isolating zones of an industrial furnace
US20110058589A1 (en) * 2009-09-09 2011-03-10 Fred Lindeman High temperature industrial furnace roof system
CN105758195A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-13 四川亚东水泥有限公司 预热器旋风筒内筒挂片及其制备工艺

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1758936B1 (de) * 1968-09-05 1971-04-22 Keller Ofenbau Gmbh Tunnelofen mit einer an ort und stelle aus feuerfesten massen gegossenen haengedecke
FR2116721A5 (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-07-21 Hartmann Pere & Fils Combine wall and resistance heating element - self supporting structu for furnaces
DE2818751B2 (de) * 1978-04-28 1981-07-09 Karrena GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Decken- und Wandkonstruktion für Feuerungsräume
FR2607036B1 (fr) * 1986-11-24 1992-07-03 Usinor Aciers Tunnel amovible de maintien en temperature d'un produit lamine a chaud dans un train de laminage continu
DE19509637A1 (de) * 1995-03-17 1996-09-19 Karrena Gmbh Hängedecke mit Tragvorrichtungen
CN105299688B (zh) * 2015-11-25 2017-06-06 杭州新世纪能源环保工程股份有限公司 一种具有高效密封性能的余热锅炉炉顶防泄漏装置

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190722029A (en) * 1907-10-05 1908-10-05 Francis Poulton Improvements relating to Brickwork Arches or Deflectors for Boiler Settings and the like.
US1173862A (en) * 1914-11-09 1916-02-29 William J Reilly Suspended furnace-roof.
US1488468A (en) * 1923-01-15 1924-04-01 Frank B Bigelow Arch construction for furnaces
US1517291A (en) * 1922-02-17 1924-12-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Boiler and setting therefor
FR707196A (fr) * 1930-12-06 1931-07-03 Perfectionnement aux foyers
US1870615A (en) * 1927-02-23 1932-08-09 Detrick M H Co Furnace construction
GB426570A (en) * 1933-10-26 1935-04-05 Charles Edward Hillsdon Improvements in furnace roof construction
US2163435A (en) * 1933-12-01 1939-06-20 Detrick M H Co Furnace roof construction
US2274240A (en) * 1940-12-06 1942-02-24 Lester L Ladd Suspended arch for furnaces
US2524721A (en) * 1946-09-03 1950-10-03 Laclede Christy Company Suspension arch, including ceramic suspension tile
US2664837A (en) * 1950-08-12 1954-01-05 Bigelow Liptak Corp Suspended furnace arch

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE464057C (de) * 1928-08-08 Jacques Piedboeuf G M B H Waagerechte Feuerraumdecke aus Schamotteformsteinen
GB327390A (en) * 1929-01-01 1930-04-01 Carborundum Co Improvements in or relating to furnaces
FR717089A (fr) * 1931-05-15 1931-12-31 Plafond uni, plat, pour fours céramiques

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190722029A (en) * 1907-10-05 1908-10-05 Francis Poulton Improvements relating to Brickwork Arches or Deflectors for Boiler Settings and the like.
US1173862A (en) * 1914-11-09 1916-02-29 William J Reilly Suspended furnace-roof.
US1517291A (en) * 1922-02-17 1924-12-02 Babcock & Wilcox Co Boiler and setting therefor
US1488468A (en) * 1923-01-15 1924-04-01 Frank B Bigelow Arch construction for furnaces
US1870615A (en) * 1927-02-23 1932-08-09 Detrick M H Co Furnace construction
FR707196A (fr) * 1930-12-06 1931-07-03 Perfectionnement aux foyers
GB426570A (en) * 1933-10-26 1935-04-05 Charles Edward Hillsdon Improvements in furnace roof construction
US2163435A (en) * 1933-12-01 1939-06-20 Detrick M H Co Furnace roof construction
US2274240A (en) * 1940-12-06 1942-02-24 Lester L Ladd Suspended arch for furnaces
US2524721A (en) * 1946-09-03 1950-10-03 Laclede Christy Company Suspension arch, including ceramic suspension tile
US2664837A (en) * 1950-08-12 1954-01-05 Bigelow Liptak Corp Suspended furnace arch

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345962A (en) * 1965-12-27 1967-10-10 Levi S Longenecker Link and yoke suspended roof
US3624733A (en) * 1969-03-17 1971-11-30 Laidlaw Drew And Co Ltd Suspended roof for high-temperature industrial furnaces
US3778950A (en) * 1972-06-22 1973-12-18 Chicago Fire Brick Co Removable refractory furnace cover
US4073243A (en) * 1976-12-01 1978-02-14 Merkle & Associates, Inc. Industrial furnace roof assembly and components thereof
FR2402175A1 (fr) * 1977-09-01 1979-03-30 Melting Systems Inc Agencement de toit modulaire de prechauffeur de riblons ou ferrailles
US4539919A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-09-10 S.I.T.I. Societa Impianti Termoelettrici Industriali S.P.A. Supporting structures for furnace crowns
DE19747320A1 (de) * 1997-10-27 1999-04-29 Didier Werke Ag Auskleidungsblöcke und daraus aufgebaute Ofenauskleidung
DE19747320C2 (de) * 1997-10-27 2002-05-16 Didier Werke Ag Auskleidungsblöcke und dessen Verwendung
GB2370102A (en) * 2000-10-11 2002-06-19 Merkle Eng Inc Suspended furnace roof
GB2370102B (en) * 2000-10-11 2004-10-13 Merkle Eng Inc High temperature industrial furnace roof structure
WO2008134078A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Merkle International, Inc. Removable filler module
US20080271655A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Materna William R Apparatus and method for isolating zones of an industrial furnace
US20080271656A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Fred Lindeman Removable filler module
US7726249B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2010-06-01 Merkle International, Inc. Apparatus and method for isolating zones of an industrial furnace
JP2010526273A (ja) * 2007-05-01 2010-07-29 マークル、インターナショナル、インコーポレーテッド 取り外し可能な充填モジュール
US8428096B2 (en) 2007-05-01 2013-04-23 Merkle International, Inc. Removable filler module
US20110058589A1 (en) * 2009-09-09 2011-03-10 Fred Lindeman High temperature industrial furnace roof system
US8693518B2 (en) 2009-09-09 2014-04-08 Merkle International Inc. High temperature industrial furnace roof system
CN105758195A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-13 四川亚东水泥有限公司 预热器旋风筒内筒挂片及其制备工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1023045A (en) 1966-03-16
CH416430A (de) 1966-06-30
FR1371146A (fr) 1964-08-28
DE1209038B (de) 1966-01-13

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