US3268206A - Steam turbines - Google Patents

Steam turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3268206A
US3268206A US315842A US31584263A US3268206A US 3268206 A US3268206 A US 3268206A US 315842 A US315842 A US 315842A US 31584263 A US31584263 A US 31584263A US 3268206 A US3268206 A US 3268206A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
casing
turbine
opening
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US315842A
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English (en)
Inventor
Swinglehurst Frank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Associated Electrical Industries Ltd
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Associated Electrical Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Associated Electrical Industries Ltd filed Critical Associated Electrical Industries Ltd
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Publication of US3268206A publication Critical patent/US3268206A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings

Definitions

  • the horizontal bladed rotor extends through a casing which is made in two halves joined by a horizontal joint lying in or near the horizontal plane containing the axis of the rotor.
  • the bearings by which the rotor is supported and located are similarly split by horizontal joints, and the assembly of the turbine involves lowering the rotor onto the lower halves of the bearings, assembling the upper halves of the bearings, and putting in position the upper half of the casing.
  • An alternative type of turbine casing would be substantially box-shaped with an open top or an opening in the top through which the rotor could be lowered into place.
  • Such a casing arrangement is technically attractive and is particularly advantageous in a condensing steam turbine plant, since in such a case the arrangement enables the two halves of the condenser to be located respectively on opposite sides of the turbine rotor, with their mid-height approximately level with the rotor centre line.
  • the rotor bearings In a steam turbine it is necessary that the rotor bearings shall be isolated from the steam filling the turbine casing, so that in the simple case of a rotor or rotor section carried near its two ends by bearings, the bearings would be located outside the casing and the rotor would be long enough to span the distance between the bearings, so extending through both end walls of the casing.
  • the rotor in a large turbine is upwards of twelve feet between centres of the journal bearings, and weighs upwards of seven tons. It carries blades which, when the rotor is lowered in position, must fit between fixed diaphragms with only a small clearance.
  • a turbine comprises a box-like casing having a removable lid or cover and a rotor arranged to extend with its axis horizontal through the casing and to be supported on bearings disposed at a level intermediate the top and the bottom of the casing, each end wall of the casing being provided with an opening, having a removable cover, extending vertically upwards from the region where the rotor shaft extends through the end wall, the opening stopping short of the top of the casing but being of such height that the rotor can be raised vertically until the parts of the rotor are clear of the fixed lower halves of the diaphragms of the turbine and then moved axially and tilted so that its axis is inclined to the horizontal to permit it to be withdrawn vertically through an opening in the top of the casing normally closed by the lid or cover.
  • a turbine comprises a box-like casing having a removable lid or cover and a rotor, including separable first and second end sections, arranged to extend with its axis horizontal through the casing and to be supported on bearings disposed at a level intermediate the top and the bottom of the casing, each end wall of the casing being provided with an opening, having a removable cover, extending vertically upwards from the region where the rotor shaft extends through the end wall, the opening stopping short of the top of the casing but being of such height that the associated end section of the rotor, when separated from the remainder of the rotor, can be raised vertically until the parts of the rotor section are clear of the fixed lower halves of the diaphragms of the turbine and then moved axially inwardly away from the end wall to permit it to be withdrawn upwardly, with its axis horizontal or suitably inclined to the horizontal, through an opening in the top of the casing normally closed by the lid or cover.
  • box-like casing is used to describe a casing which is substantially in the form of a box having rectangular sides, ends and top.
  • the casing floor shape must depend upon the arrangements for the supply of steam to the rotor and whether it is necessary to exhaust steam downwardly to subjacent condensers.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective drawing of a box-like turbine casing to which the invention has been applied;
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional side elevation of a single cylinder low pressure steam turbine
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional side elevation of the turbine shown in FIGURE 2 but with the turbine rotor in the process of being removed;
  • FIGURE 4 is a sectional side elevation of a steam turbine having a multi-span rotor
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 are sectional side elevations of the turbine shown in FIGURE 4 but showing the turbine rotor in different stages of the process of removal.
  • FIGURE 1 shows the general form of the turbine casing 1, which is in the form of a rectangular-sided box built up from flat plates welded together and having in its top an opening 3 which extends over about two thirds of the width of the box and which extends almost from end to end of the box and is normally closed by a cover or lid 5 (shown in FIGURE 2).
  • Each end wall 7 of the casing is provided with an opening 9 the lower part 9A of which accommodates an inwardly extending frusto-conical detachable part 10 (FIG- URE 2) of the end wall and the upper part 93 of which extends vertically upwards from the region where the rotor shaft 11 extends through the end wall but stops short of the top of the casing, and is normally closed by an extension 10A of the part 10.
  • the bottom of the box is, in the example shown, left open for the downward exhaust of steam to a condenser. If the condenser is provided inside the casing then the bottom of the box can be closed.
  • the turbine rotor 13 includes the shaft 11 and a number of bladed discs 15 mounted on the shaft.
  • a turbine inner casing 17 Surrounding the bladed dics 15 is a turbine inner casing 17 provided with diaphragms 16 which intermesh with the rotor discs 15 and are provided with guide blades in known manner.
  • the casing 17 consists of mating upper and lower diaphragm half sections 17A and 17B respectively. This arrangement of bladed rotor discs, inner casing and diaphragms is orthodox steam turbine practice.
  • the shaft 11 is mounted on bearings 19 which are disposed outside the turbine casing and are supported on pedestals which are separate from the casing and are not shown.
  • FIGURES 4 to 6 the construction is similar to that shown in FIGURE 2 with the exception that the rotor is divided into two sections 13A and 13B joined together by a bolted coupling 31, each section being similar to the rotor shown in FIGURE 2 and having associated with it an inner casing 17 similar to that shown in FIGURE 2.
  • each rotor section 13A and 13B is mounted on a bearing 33 mounted on a suitable pedestal (not shown), the pedestal and the bearings 33 being enclosed by a trunking 37 which extends upwardly through the turbine casing and at its upper end terminates in a horizontal flange by which it is clamped to the lid or cover 5, in which an aperture is formed coterminous with the inner periphery of the trunking.
  • a trunking 37 which extends upwardly through the turbine casing and at its upper end terminates in a horizontal flange by which it is clamped to the lid or cover 5, in which an aperture is formed coterminous with the inner periphery of the trunking.
  • the lid or cover 5, and the two detachable parts A are removed.
  • the upper halves 17A of the two inner casings 17 are removed through the opening 3.
  • the upper part of the trunking 37 is detached and removed upwardly through opening 3.
  • the upper halves of the bearings 19 and 33 are removed.
  • the bolted coupling 31 is disconnected. It is now possible by means of the lifting cables 21 and 23, which are connected to a spreader 41, to lift the first rotor section 13A vertically so that the bladed rotor discs slide out from between the lower halves 17B of the associated diaphragms, to the position shown in FIG- URE 5. Once this has been done, the rotor section 13A can be moved axially to the position shown in FIGURE 6, and from that position it can be withdrawn vertically upwards through the opening 3.
  • the second rotor section 13B can be removed in a similar manner.
  • a further advantage of the improved construction set out above is that the lid need not go right to the end of the casing, so that a rigid corner piece extends across the top end edge at each end of the casing.
  • the turbine casing is supported wholly or mainly along its side walls, for example by suitably braced brackets 51 indicated in FIGURE 1
  • the two transverse corner pieces render the structure much more rigid, greatly reducing distortions and deflections of the casing, making the installation of the turbine easier and reducing the likelihood of operating difliculties due to excessive deflection of the casing.
  • the rotor is shown in FIGURE 4 as being made up of two sections, in some cases three or more sections may lie within the casing 1, and in such an arrangement the two end sections are arranged and are removed as described above, while the intermediate section, or each of the intermediate sections, can be lifted out vertically through the opening in the top of the casing.
  • two separate bearings 33 are provided respectively on opposite sides of the bolted coupling 31. In some cases it may be convenient to omit one of these bearings, so that the composite shaft is supported, near the coupling, on one side only of the shaft.
  • the coupling bolts can then be removed and this shaft section removed first.
  • a turbine comprising:
  • diaphragm half sections provided with sets of guide blades and disposed below the rotor respectively between pairs of sets of rotor blades;
  • a removable lid arranged when in place to close an opening in the top of the turbine casing; whereby with the lid and two removable covers removed, the rotor can be moved axially and tilted so that its axis is inclined to the horizontal and withdrawn upwardly through the opening in the top of the turbine casing.
  • a turbine according to claim 1 in which the removable cover on each end wall of the casing is dished so that it projects into the interior of the casing.
  • a turbine comprising:
  • a rotor including separable first and second end sections, provided with sets of rotor blades and arranged to extend with its axis horizontal through the casing;
  • diaphragm half sections provided with sets of guide blades and disposed below the rotor respectively between pairs of sets of rotor blades;
  • a removable lid arranged when in place to close an opening in the top of the turbine casing; whereby with the lid and the two removable covers removed, one of the rotor end sections can be disconnected from the remainder of the rotor and can be raised vertically until all ports of this rotor section are clear of the diaphragm half sections and then moved axially inwardly away from the end wall to permit it to be withdrawn upwardly, with its axis horizontal or suitably inclined to the horizontal, through the opening in the top of the turbine casing.
  • each end section of the rotor in its operating position is supported, near its inner end, by at least one bearing, a chamber surrounding said bearing and which in use isolates the hearing from the elastic working fluid of the turbine, the upper part of the chamber being removable to allow withdrawal of the rotor.
  • a turbine according to claim 5 in which the removable cover on each end wall of the casing is dished so that it projects into the interior of the casing.
  • a turbine according to claim 5 in which one end of the rotor is supported by an adjacent coaxial shaft to which it is coupled.
  • a turbine as claimed in claim 1 including a bearing near the plane of an end wall of the casing arranged to support one end of the rotor and isolated from the interior of the casing by the removable cover for the opening in that end wall.
  • a turbine as claimed in claim 5 including a bearing near the plane of an end wall of the casing arranged to support one end of the rotor and isolated from the interior of the casing by the removable cover for the opening in that end wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US315842A 1962-10-19 1963-10-14 Steam turbines Expired - Lifetime US3268206A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB39706/62A GB996464A (en) 1962-10-19 1962-10-19 Improvements in steam turbines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3268206A true US3268206A (en) 1966-08-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US315842A Expired - Lifetime US3268206A (en) 1962-10-19 1963-10-14 Steam turbines

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3268206A (de)
CH (1) CH405362A (de)
DE (1) DE1426782A1 (de)
GB (1) GB996464A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399864A (en) * 1966-06-16 1968-09-03 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Pelton turbine of the horizontal shaft type
US3923418A (en) * 1974-12-23 1975-12-02 Allis Chalmers Hydraulic turbine installation and method of assembling the turbine headcover therein
US4044442A (en) * 1974-12-23 1977-08-30 Stal-Laval Turbin Ab Method of installation of large capacity gas-turbine powered electrical generating machinery
US20070130862A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-14 Semmens Blaine K Roofing system and apparatus for applying rolled roofing material
EP2177718A3 (de) * 2008-10-15 2012-06-13 General Electric Company Druckabgedichtete Kammer zwischen mehreren Druckgehäusen einer Maschine
US20170030374A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2017-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Assembly having an end-face cover

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB137880A (en) * 1918-12-11 1920-01-29 William Mark Gurry Improvements in multi-stage pumps
DE329529C (de) * 1920-11-24 Adam Thierauf Luftzufuehrung in das Gehaeuse von Freistrahlturbinen
US1726415A (en) * 1928-10-26 1929-08-27 Nat Transit Pump & Machine Co Pump cylinder and mount therefor
US1767279A (en) * 1929-04-08 1930-06-24 Niagara Blower Co Fan housing
US2038417A (en) * 1929-03-07 1936-04-21 Haldwell S Colby Integral fan and fan housing
US2073404A (en) * 1932-01-06 1937-03-09 B F Sturtevant Co Motor and driven element assembly
US2966297A (en) * 1957-07-05 1960-12-27 Essick Mfg Company Blower housing

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE329529C (de) * 1920-11-24 Adam Thierauf Luftzufuehrung in das Gehaeuse von Freistrahlturbinen
GB137880A (en) * 1918-12-11 1920-01-29 William Mark Gurry Improvements in multi-stage pumps
US1726415A (en) * 1928-10-26 1929-08-27 Nat Transit Pump & Machine Co Pump cylinder and mount therefor
US2038417A (en) * 1929-03-07 1936-04-21 Haldwell S Colby Integral fan and fan housing
US1767279A (en) * 1929-04-08 1930-06-24 Niagara Blower Co Fan housing
US2073404A (en) * 1932-01-06 1937-03-09 B F Sturtevant Co Motor and driven element assembly
US2966297A (en) * 1957-07-05 1960-12-27 Essick Mfg Company Blower housing

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399864A (en) * 1966-06-16 1968-09-03 Charmilles Sa Ateliers Pelton turbine of the horizontal shaft type
US3923418A (en) * 1974-12-23 1975-12-02 Allis Chalmers Hydraulic turbine installation and method of assembling the turbine headcover therein
US4044442A (en) * 1974-12-23 1977-08-30 Stal-Laval Turbin Ab Method of installation of large capacity gas-turbine powered electrical generating machinery
US20070130862A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-14 Semmens Blaine K Roofing system and apparatus for applying rolled roofing material
EP2177718A3 (de) * 2008-10-15 2012-06-13 General Electric Company Druckabgedichtete Kammer zwischen mehreren Druckgehäusen einer Maschine
US20170030374A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2017-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Assembly having an end-face cover

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB996464A (en) 1965-06-30
CH405362A (de) 1966-01-15
DE1426782A1 (de) 1969-03-20

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