US3279525A - Falling fluid heat exchanger and evaporator - Google Patents

Falling fluid heat exchanger and evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3279525A
US3279525A US439245A US43924565A US3279525A US 3279525 A US3279525 A US 3279525A US 439245 A US439245 A US 439245A US 43924565 A US43924565 A US 43924565A US 3279525 A US3279525 A US 3279525A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
evaporator
heat transferring
pipes
bank
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Expired - Lifetime
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US439245A
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English (en)
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Takahashi Taiichi
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/04—Evaporators with horizontal tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • B01D1/305—Demister (vapour-liquid separation)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/024—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
    • F25B2339/0242—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger having tubular elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to falling fluid heat exchangers and falling fluid evaporators utilizing the same.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger wherein the heat transfer resistance between the heat transfer pipe and the fluid outside the pipe is reduced and wherein the heat transfer area is substantially increased and consequently the over-all heat transfer coeflicient is improved.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a falling fluid evaporator wherein, by utilizing said heat exchanger, the total heat transfer area of the evaporator is increased, wherein the over-all heat transfer coeflicient between the fluid to be evaporated and the heating steam is increased, and wherein the amount of evaporation per evaporator is increased and at the same time the fluid to be concentrated can be taken out within a reduced heating time.
  • the fluid so called in the specification and claims shall mean a solution, a mixture of liquids or apmixture of a liquid and a solid.
  • the conventional evaporators are mostly of a submerged pipe type wherein the inside or outside of the heating pipe is submerged in a fluid.
  • a liquid film flows down within a single vertical pipe of a comparatively large caliber and is heated from the jacket part outside the pipe. It is difficult therein to increase the heat transfer area so as to increase the evaporating capacity per unit.
  • the present invention relatesv more particularly to a heat exchanger comprising a bank of tubular heating pipes arranged substantially hon'zontallyin the space within an evaporator casing and cylindrical heat transferring structure mounted for rotation on the pipes and annularly spaced therefrom, said structures having fins extending therefrom and extending substantially parallel to the axes of the heat transferring structures and provided with perforations allowing the free passage of fluid so that the fluid to be concentrated may be made to fall from above the bank of the pipes and may rotate said cylinder heat transferring structure whereby heat may be exchanged, and to a falling fluid evaporator utilizing such heat exchanger.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional illustrative view of the essential part of an evaporator embodying the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a part of the cylindrical heat transferring structure shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is an end view of a modification of the cylindrical heat transferring structure
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of a part of another modification of the cylindrical heat transferring structure.
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of another modification of the cylindrical heat transferring structure.
  • FIGURES l and 2 1 is an evaporator casing
  • 2 is a bank of tubular heating pipes arranged substantially horizontally within the evaporator casing
  • 3 is a cylindrical heat transferring structure rotatably mounted on each heating pipe 2 and provided with perforations allowing the free passage of fluid therethrough and with pins 5 extending substantially parallel to the axes of the structures 3.
  • the fins of the cylindrical heat transferring structure shown in FIGURE 2 are made by punching.
  • 6 is a sprinkler for fluid to be concentrated and it is arranged above the bank of the heating pipes 2.
  • 7 is a packing to prevent sprays of the fluid from escaping together withthe evaporated steam.
  • 8 is an outlet for the evaporated steam.
  • the evaporated steam is led through said outlet to a normally used condenser (not illustrated) which is generally connected to a vacuum sys- .tem.
  • 9 is a pipe to lead the fluid from a reservoir (not illustrated) to the sprinkler 6.
  • 10 is an outlet pipe for the concentrated liquid.
  • 11 is a pipe to connect the pipes 9 and 10.
  • a pump 12 is provided in the pipe 11.
  • the fluid falling from the sprinker 6 will pass through the perforations 4 allowing its free passage and will fill the space between the heating pipe 2 and the heat transferring structure 3.
  • the cylindrical heat transferring structure having the fins thereon will be rotated like a water-mill by the falling fluid.
  • the fluid filling the space between the heating pipe 2 and the heat transferring structure 3 will have the effect of a lubricant and will help therotation of the cylindrical heat transferring structure around the heating pipe.
  • the cylindrical heat transferring structure is rotatable like a water-mill, vthe fluid staying on the surface of the pipe will be well stirred, the thickness of the so-called laminar liquid film 'of less fluidity on the surface of the heating pipe will be reduced and the heat transfer coeflicient between the heating .pipe and the fluid will be increased.
  • the apparatus is utilized in an evaporator, the fluid will be evaporated through the perforations allowing its free passage and the amount of evaporation will be increased.
  • the rotating speed can be varied. Further, it can be made interchangeable with another cylindrical heat transferring structure of other construction and dimensions and which is rotatable like a water-mill.
  • the cylindrical heat transferring structure illustrated in FIGURE 3 has at least three rollers 13 on the inside surface thereof so that its rotation takes place easily.
  • the stirring of the fluid over the pipe is made by running of these rollers.
  • Rollers may be set on the side surface of each end of the cylindrical heat transferring structure.
  • the clearance between the inner surface of the structure and the outer surface of the pipe is preferably so small that the stirring of the fluid over the pipe may be made.
  • the cylindrical heat transferring structure illustrated in FIGURE 4 has per- 1 forations consisting of many small holes 4' between each' perforation 4 is formed between the adjacent fins 5.
  • the bearing '14 consists of two semicircular members connected with each other with screws or stud bolts 15. By such construction,'the rotation can be made smooth, the fluid can be prevented from flowing out through both ends and the parts can be removed and fitted as required.
  • the bearings may be either roller hearings or ball bearmgs.
  • the rotatablecylindrical heat transferring structure be made of a metal of a heat transfer coefiicient as high as possible and a small weight and easy to work.
  • the construction, material and dimensions of the cylindrical heat transferring structure are selected by taking the corrosion by the fluid and the rotating speed into consideration.
  • material there canbe used not only iron and steel but also stainless steels, light metals, copper alloys, titanium and lead alloys. However, if required, impervious graphite or any other anti-corrosion material can be also used.
  • the unit can be used also to heat and/or concentrate within a short time liquids containing vitamin, fruit juice, milk or any other organic substance and likely to be decomposed by heat.
  • an evaporator of a large capacity can be formed in a given space. Further, as no power is used for stirring, there is no need for a precision finish, any consideration of such problem of leakage from outside as in rotary shafts, any excess material and cost in the operation and maintenance and any diflicult specific care to be taken in the operation.
  • the evaporator of the present invention has the effect of reducing the heat transfer resistance outside the pipe, that is, on the fluid side, and increasing the heat transfer area on the fluid side and elevates the over-all heat transfer coefiicient. Therefore, it can be used not only as an evaporator but also as a general heat exchanger. Such heat exchanger also falls under the scope of the present invention. Illustrated are a few embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to them but is limited as set forth in the following claims.
  • said fluid may be evaporated by a heating me:
  • a falling fluid evaporator comprising a casing, a bank of tubular heating pipes arranged substantially horizontally in the space within said evaporator casing, cylindrical heat transferring structures mounted for rotation on the pipes and annularly spaced therefrom, said structures having fins extending therefrom and extending substantiak ly parallel to the axes of the heat transferring structures and provided with perforations allowing the free passage of a fluid, and a sprinkler set above said bank oflthe pipes so that, while said cylindrical heat transferring structures are being rotated by the fluid falling from said dium in said bank of the heating pipes.
  • a heat exchanger comprising a substantially horiizontaly arranged bank of tubular pipes, cylindrical heat fins extending therefrom and extending substantially par-' allel to the axes of the heat transferring structures and provided with perforations allowing the free passage of, a fluid and a sprinkler set above said bank of the pipes so that, while said cylindrical heat transferring structures are being rotated by the fluid falling from said sprinkler, a heat exchange may take place between said fluid and a heat transfer medium in said bank of the pipes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US439245A 1964-05-06 1965-03-12 Falling fluid heat exchanger and evaporator Expired - Lifetime US3279525A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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JP2531164 1964-05-06

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CH (1) CH451979A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4790911A (en) * 1987-03-10 1988-12-13 Martin Parkinson Solvent evaporator
US4913777A (en) * 1987-12-11 1990-04-03 Martin Parkinson Solvent evaporator
US20050103049A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2005-05-19 Michel Badie Installation for the very long storage of products that emit a high heat flux
WO2009156125A3 (de) * 2008-06-23 2010-06-10 Efficient Energy Gmbh Vorrichtung und verfahren zum effizienten oberflächenverdampfen und zum effizienten kondensieren
US20110100032A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2011-05-05 Holger Sedlak Apparatus and Method for Removing a Gas from a System, System for Vaporizing and Heat Pump
WO2016008488A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2016-01-21 Serenergy A/S An evaporator for a fuel cell system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE176175C (de) *
US415541A (en) * 1889-11-19 Evaporating apparatus
US1200996A (en) * 1912-10-14 1916-10-10 Techno Chemical Lab Ltd Method of evaporation, &c.
US1536894A (en) * 1922-07-24 1925-05-05 Lillie Samuel Mobris Evaporating apparatus
US1902533A (en) * 1929-05-31 1933-03-21 Vykoupil Karel Evaporator
US2876833A (en) * 1955-06-21 1959-03-10 Surface Combustion Corp Evaporating and dehumidifying apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE176175C (de) *
US415541A (en) * 1889-11-19 Evaporating apparatus
US1200996A (en) * 1912-10-14 1916-10-10 Techno Chemical Lab Ltd Method of evaporation, &c.
US1536894A (en) * 1922-07-24 1925-05-05 Lillie Samuel Mobris Evaporating apparatus
US1902533A (en) * 1929-05-31 1933-03-21 Vykoupil Karel Evaporator
US2876833A (en) * 1955-06-21 1959-03-10 Surface Combustion Corp Evaporating and dehumidifying apparatus

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4790911A (en) * 1987-03-10 1988-12-13 Martin Parkinson Solvent evaporator
US4913777A (en) * 1987-12-11 1990-04-03 Martin Parkinson Solvent evaporator
US20050103049A1 (en) * 2002-01-23 2005-05-19 Michel Badie Installation for the very long storage of products that emit a high heat flux
US7185512B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2007-03-06 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Installation for the very long storage of products that emit a high heat flux
US20110100032A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2011-05-05 Holger Sedlak Apparatus and Method for Removing a Gas from a System, System for Vaporizing and Heat Pump
WO2009156125A3 (de) * 2008-06-23 2010-06-10 Efficient Energy Gmbh Vorrichtung und verfahren zum effizienten oberflächenverdampfen und zum effizienten kondensieren
US20110146316A1 (en) * 2008-06-23 2011-06-23 Holger Sedlak Device and Method for an Efficient Surface Evaporation and for an Efficient Condensation
JP2011525607A (ja) * 2008-06-23 2011-09-22 エフィシェント・エナージー・ゲーエムベーハー 蒸発器、凝縮器、ヒートポンプ、作動液体の蒸発方法、および、作動蒸気の凝縮方法
JP2013076566A (ja) * 2008-06-23 2013-04-25 Efficient Energy Gmbh 凝縮器、ヒートポンプおよび作動蒸気の凝縮方法
US9732994B2 (en) 2008-06-23 2017-08-15 Efficient Energy Gmbh Device and method for an efficient surface evaporation and for an efficient condensation
WO2016008488A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2016-01-21 Serenergy A/S An evaporator for a fuel cell system
US11177495B2 (en) 2014-07-16 2021-11-16 Serenergy A/S Evaporator for a fuel cell system

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Publication number Publication date
CH451979A (de) 1968-05-15

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