US3283401A - Method of connecting objects made of materials having different thermal coefficients of expansion by means of a thermosetting glue with the use of an auxiliary piece - Google Patents

Method of connecting objects made of materials having different thermal coefficients of expansion by means of a thermosetting glue with the use of an auxiliary piece Download PDF

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US3283401A
US3283401A US323317A US32331763A US3283401A US 3283401 A US3283401 A US 3283401A US 323317 A US323317 A US 323317A US 32331763 A US32331763 A US 32331763A US 3283401 A US3283401 A US 3283401A
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glue
metal
expansion
auxiliary piece
objects
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Hermanus Stephanus J Pijls
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Koninklijke Philips NV
North American Philips Co Inc
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Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63452—Polyepoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/028—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/025—Other inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0311—Compounds
    • H01F1/0313—Oxidic compounds
    • H01F1/0315—Ferrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/124—Metallic interlayers based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/126—Metallic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/52—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/64—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising grooves or cuts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/78—Side-way connecting, e.g. connecting two plates through their sides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/88—Joining of two substrates, where a substantial part of the joining material is present outside of the joint, leading to an outside joining of the joint
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S228/00—Metal fusion bonding
    • Y10S228/903—Metal to nonmetal

Definitions

  • the said intermediate layer must usually be fairly, thick, for example 10 mm. or more, which may in technical respect cause many difiiculties of other character. Tests have revealed that stresses occur in the material of the lower coefiicient of expansion when using a glue which hardens at .elevated temperature. If such material has only a low tensile strength, such as many ceramic materials, the stresses may cause cracks a few millimetres above the glue seam. This phenomenon occurs more particularly if a ceramic object of great thickness is secured to a thin metal plate, for example from 1 to 3 mm. thick.
  • the method according to the invention is thus characterized by the use of an auxiliary piece comprising two or more metal foils or sheets between which and connected thereto a layer of a metal is present which starts to creep by the action of the forces which occur during cooling of the glued connection.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 are perspective views of auxiliary pieces which can be used for securing objects having rectangular basal surfaces;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view, in natural size, of a ceramic object connected to a metal plate in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 4 shows a portion of FIGURE 3 on an enlarged scale.
  • the auxiliary piece shown in FIGURE 1 comprises two metal foils or sheets 1 and 2.
  • a favorable thickness for these metal foils is, for example, 0.3 mm. Satisfactory results can also be obtained with thicker or thinner foils, provided the foil can follow the small deformations of the ceramic object and be handled.
  • the foils may consist of any arbitrary metal, provided a thermosetting glue satisfactorily adheres thereto, such as copper and copper alloys.
  • the adhesion to metals capable of creeping is usually not suflicient. Especially with tin and lead it has been found impossible to obtain an adhesion which is sufliciently resistant to shocks. It is furthermore preferable for the metal to be such as to follow the deformation of the ceramic body.
  • a suitable metal is, for example, copper.
  • alloys such as brass, tombac and the like can be used.
  • a thin layer 3 of a metal or metal alloy which can-creep by the action of the forces which occur in gluing.
  • a thin layer of a soldering metal such as lead-tin solder (for example Pb-Sn 4060, 50-50 and the like) has been found very suitable within the scope of the invention.
  • the layer may be extremely thin, for example 0.1 mm. or thinner.
  • the auxiliary piece shown in FIGURE 2 fundamentally has the same structure as the auxiliary piece shown-in FIGURE 1, only the metal foil has an upright edge 4. Glue provided on the layer 1 is prevented by the upright edge 4 from flowing away in all directions.
  • the auxiliary pieces may have any arbitrary shape which has been matched to the objects to be glued together. They may have surfaces of circular, rectangular or any other shape.
  • the auxiliary pieces may especially be used in connecting together objects which cannot or with difliculty only be soldered or glued together directly or be connected in another way.
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view of a so-called transducer which can be used in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and conversely.
  • the transducer comprises two bodies 5 of Ferroxcube each having a length of 97 mm. between which thin plates 9 of Ferroxdure are present.
  • Thebodies 5 and the plates 9 are connected together by glued connections 10.
  • the assembly is glued to a metal surface 6, for example, the base of a vessel of rustless steel (thickness of metal 2 mm.) with the use of an auxiliary piece as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • a glue layer 7 is present between the auxiliary piece and the transducer.
  • Another glue layer 8 exists between the auxiliary piece and the metal plate 6, which layer 8 consists, for example, of the same glue as that used for the glue layer 7. It is alternatively possible to use different kinds of glue for the two glue layers.
  • transducer An essential part of ultrasonic cleaning equipment is the so-called transducer the function of which is to convert the electrical energy supplied into mechanical oscillations.
  • the element bringing about said conversion is often made of a ceramic material, for example, Ferroxcube.
  • Ferroxcube a ceramic material
  • one or more of such elements are glued to or in a container or vessel of erosion-resistant and chemically-resistant material, usually rustless steel.
  • the glue layer is subject to great varying forces to 50 kg./cm. of high frequencies to kc./s.).
  • the glue layer must be thin and consist of a hard glue. It is also desirable that the glue layer should retain its strength up to about C. because it must often be possible for the cleaning liquid to be heated up to said temperature.
  • Thermosetting glues fulfilling these requirements can be obtained on the basis of ethoxyline resins and are commerically sold.
  • the suitable hardening temperature for these glues usually lies between C. and 250 C.
  • auxiliary piece as shown in FIGURE 1 or 2, comprising two copper foils each 0.3 mm. thick and between them a soldering layer of about 0.1 mm. thick,
  • the glue 8 is provided between the auxiliary piece and the metal plate 6 and the assembly heated to the temperature required for hardening the glue.
  • FIGURE 4 serves only for clarifying purposes.
  • the reference numerals used in FIG- URE 4 have the same meaning as in FIGURE 3.
  • the auxiliary pieces can be matched to such shapes in a simple manner.
  • thermosetting glue in the method of joining together objects of different coeflicients of expansion with a thermosetting glue the. improvement which comprises interposing between each two of said objects an auxiliary member shaped to fit the abutting contours ofv the adjacent objects, said member:
  • thermosetting glue and two thin outer metal sheets, of a metal other than that of the inner sheet
  • auxiliary member comprises, an inner layer of solder joining together two copper sheets.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Description

Nov. 8, 1966 H. s. J. PIJLS 3,283,401
METHOD OF CONNECTING OBJECTS MADE OF MATERIALS HAVING DIFFERENT THERMAL COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION BY MEANS OF A THERMOSETTING GLUE WITH THE USE OF AN AUXILIARY PIECE Filed Nov. 13, 1963 INVENTOR HERMANUS 51'. J. PIJLS BY United States Patent METHOD OF CONNECTING OBJECTS MADE OF MATERIALS HAVING DIFFERENT THERMAL COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION BY IVIEANS OF A THERMOSETTING GLUE WITH THE USE OF AN AUXILIARY PIECE Hermanus Stephanus Josephus Pijls, Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignor to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Nov. 13, 1963, Ser. No. 323,317 Claims priority, application Netherlands, Nov. 22, 1962, 285,841 4 Claims. (Cl. 29-470) This invention relates to a method of connecting objects made of materials having different coeflicients of expansion by means of a thermosetting glue with the use of an auxiliary piece.
It is often necessary in engineering to connect together objects made of materials having different coefficients of expansion. If for making the connection a glue is chosen 7 However, to arrive at a satisfactory result, the said intermediate layer must usually be fairly, thick, for example 10 mm. or more, which may in technical respect cause many difiiculties of other character. Tests have revealed that stresses occur in the material of the lower coefiicient of expansion when using a glue which hardens at .elevated temperature. If such material has only a low tensile strength, such as many ceramic materials, the stresses may cause cracks a few millimetres above the glue seam. This phenomenon occurs more particularly if a ceramic object of great thickness is secured to a thin metal plate, for example from 1 to 3 mm. thick.
It has been found that permanent stresses can be avoided especially in the said cases by using layer-shaped auxiliary pieces of a suitable shape and structure. The invention is based upon recognition of the fact that permanent stresses will not occur after cooling in objects connected together by means of glue at elevated temperature if between the objects a layer exists of a material which can creep by the action of forces which occur during cooling of the glued connection. It has been found that this may be achieved in practice by using a stratified auxiliary piece comprising two or more metal foils or thin sheets between which and connected thereto a layer of a metal exists which starts to creep at normal temperatures already at a load of about 1 kg./cm. or lower, such as may occur in gluing. Such metals are, for example, lead, tin, zinc, bismuth and certain alloys of these metals.
The method according to the invention is thus characterized by the use of an auxiliary piece comprising two or more metal foils or sheets between which and connected thereto a layer of a metal is present which starts to creep by the action of the forces which occur during cooling of the glued connection.
It has been found that excellent results are already obtained by using an auxiliary piece comprising two metal plates and between them a layer of a metal which starts to creep by the action of the forces occurring in gluing.
In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, it will now be described in detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing, in which:
FIGURES 1 and 2 are perspective views of auxiliary pieces which can be used for securing objects having rectangular basal surfaces;
FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view, in natural size, of a ceramic object connected to a metal plate in accordance with the invention;
FIGURE 4 shows a portion of FIGURE 3 on an enlarged scale.
The auxiliary piece shown in FIGURE 1 comprises two metal foils or sheets 1 and 2. A favorable thickness for these metal foils is, for example, 0.3 mm. Satisfactory results can also be obtained with thicker or thinner foils, provided the foil can follow the small deformations of the ceramic object and be handled. The foils may consist of any arbitrary metal, provided a thermosetting glue satisfactorily adheres thereto, such as copper and copper alloys. The adhesion to metals capable of creeping is usually not suflicient. Especially with tin and lead it has been found impossible to obtain an adhesion which is sufliciently resistant to shocks. It is furthermore preferable for the metal to be such as to follow the deformation of the ceramic body. A suitable metal is, for example, copper. Also alloys such as brass, tombac and the like can be used. Between the foils 1 and 2 and connected thereto is a thin layer 3 of a metal or metal alloy which can-creep by the action of the forces which occur in gluing. For example, a thin layer of a soldering metal, such as lead-tin solder (for example Pb-Sn 4060, 50-50 and the like) has been found very suitable within the scope of the invention. The layer may be extremely thin, for example 0.1 mm. or thinner.
The auxiliary piece shown in FIGURE 2 fundamentally has the same structure as the auxiliary piece shown-in FIGURE 1, only the metal foil has an upright edge 4. Glue provided on the layer 1 is prevented by the upright edge 4 from flowing away in all directions. The auxiliary pieces may have any arbitrary shape which has been matched to the objects to be glued together. They may have surfaces of circular, rectangular or any other shape. The auxiliary pieces may especially be used in connecting together objects which cannot or with difliculty only be soldered or glued together directly or be connected in another way.
In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, it will be explained more particularly with reference to the connection of an object of ceramic material to a metal.
FIGURE 3 is a sectional view of a so-called transducer which can be used in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and conversely. In this example, the transducer comprises two bodies 5 of Ferroxcube each having a length of 97 mm. between which thin plates 9 of Ferroxdure are present. Thebodies 5 and the plates 9 are connected together by glued connections 10. The assembly is glued to a metal surface 6, for example, the base of a vessel of rustless steel (thickness of metal 2 mm.) with the use of an auxiliary piece as shown in FIGURE 2. A glue layer 7 is present between the auxiliary piece and the transducer. Another glue layer 8 exists between the auxiliary piece and the metal plate 6, which layer 8 consists, for example, of the same glue as that used for the glue layer 7. It is alternatively possible to use different kinds of glue for the two glue layers.
An essential part of ultrasonic cleaning equipment is the so-called transducer the function of which is to convert the electrical energy supplied into mechanical oscillations. The element bringing about said conversion is often made of a ceramic material, for example, Ferroxcube. In order to obtain satisfactory efficiency and easy handling, one or more of such elements are glued to or in a container or vessel of erosion-resistant and chemically-resistant material, usually rustless steel. In this conr 3' struction the glue layer is subject to great varying forces to 50 kg./cm. of high frequencies to kc./s.).
To achieve a minimum dissipation of energy in the glue layer due to mechanical losses occurring, the glue layer must be thin and consist of a hard glue. It is also desirable that the glue layer should retain its strength up to about C. because it must often be possible for the cleaning liquid to be heated up to said temperature. Thermosetting glues fulfilling these requirements can be obtained on the basis of ethoxyline resins and are commerically sold. The suitable hardening temperature for these glues usually lies between C. and 250 C.
However, upon cooling from the hardening temperature of the glue (usually 150), so great stresses occur in the Ferroxcube due to the dilferent coefficients of expansion of Ferroxcub e (7 X 10- and rustless steel (16.2X10- that breakage often occurs a few millimetres above the glue layer.
By using in accordance with the method according to the invention an auxiliary piece as shown in FIGURE 1 or 2, comprising two copper foils each 0.3 mm. thick and between them a soldering layer of about 0.1 mm. thick,
and a glue on the basis of ethoxyline resin, it was ensured that cracks no longer occur in the Ferroxcube body even if the glue was hardened at to C. and the whole was cooled down to 80 C. In the finished transducer, the parts 13 of the bodies 5 are surrounded by coils (not shown). Due to the action of electric alternating-current produced in said coils, the bodies 5 become alternately longer and shorter. It has been found that a given lengthening or shortening could be double that in a connection glued in another way. Any breakage due to overload .occurs at the centre 12 of the bodies 5, from which it appears-that any appreciable stresses no longer exist in the bodies 5.
hardening the glue. Subsequently, the glue 8 is provided between the auxiliary piece and the metal plate 6 and the assembly heated to the temperature required for hardening the glue.
Similar results are obtained by using auxiliary pieces as shown in FIGURE 1.' FIGURE 4 serves only for clarifying purposes. The reference numerals used in FIG- URE 4 have the same meaning as in FIGURE 3. I
The invention has been explained with reference to the securement of objects having rectangular basal surfaces to be glued together. Similar results are obtained with basal surfaces of other shape, for example circular shape. 7
The auxiliary pieces can be matched to such shapes in a simple manner.
What is claimed is:
1. In the method of joining together objects of different coeflicients of expansion with a thermosetting glue the. improvement which comprises interposing between each two of said objects an auxiliary member shaped to fit the abutting contours ofv the adjacent objects, said member:
comprising a thin inner sheet of a metal capable of starting to creep when subjected to the forces generated by,
the cooling of the thermosetting glue and two thin outer metal sheets, of a metal other than that of the inner sheet,
in contact withrsaid inner sheet, the outer surfaces of said,
outer sheets being in contact with the glue.
2. The improvement as defined by claim 1 wherein the auxiliary member comprises, an inner layer of solder joining together two copper sheets.
3. The improvement of claim 1 wherein the auxiliary member is container shaped.
4. The improvement of claim 1 wherein a metal object is joined to a ceramic object.
No references cited.
JOHN F. CAMPBELL, Primary Examiner.
L. J. WESTFALL, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. IN THE METHOD OF JOINING TOGETHER OBJECTS TO DIFFERENT COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION WITH A THERMOSETTING GLUE THE IMPROVEMENNT WHICH COMPRISES INTERPOSING BETWEEN EACH TWO OF SAID OBJECTS AN AXILIARY MEMBER SHAPED TO FIT THE ABUTTING CONTOURS OF THE ADJACENNT OBJECTS, SAID MEMBER COMPRISING A THIN INNER SHEET OF A METAL CAPABLE OF STARTING TO CREEP WHEN SUBJECTED TO THE FORCES GENERATED BY THE COOLING OF THE THERMOSETTING GLUE AND TWO THIN OUTER METAL SHEETS, OF A METAL OTHER THAN THAT OF THE INNER SHEET, IN CONTACT WITH SAID INNER SHEET, THE OUTER SURFACES OF SAID OUTER SHEETS BEING INN CONTACT WITH THE GLUE.
US323317A 1962-11-22 1963-11-13 Method of connecting objects made of materials having different thermal coefficients of expansion by means of a thermosetting glue with the use of an auxiliary piece Expired - Lifetime US3283401A (en)

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NL285841A NL285841A (en) 1962-11-22 1962-11-22 Method of bonding articles of materials with mutually different thermal expansion coefficients with a thermosetting adhesive using an attachment

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972111A (en) * 1975-03-13 1976-08-03 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Surface preparation method
US4172547A (en) * 1978-11-02 1979-10-30 Delgrande Donald J Method for soldering conventionally unsolderable surfaces
US4252847A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-02-24 Delgrande Donald J Stained glass structure
US4255475A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-03-10 Delgrande Donald Mosaic structures
US4978052A (en) * 1986-11-07 1990-12-18 Olin Corporation Semiconductor die attach system
US5063286A (en) * 1988-09-26 1991-11-05 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Line image sensor with plural elements arranged at a predetermined pitch according to thermal expansion
US8274446B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2012-09-25 Raytheon Company Lightweight antenna attachment structure

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113503297B (en) * 2021-06-01 2023-03-24 合肥英仕博精密装备有限公司 High preparation facilities that combines of area cavity ceramic part for semiconductor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972111A (en) * 1975-03-13 1976-08-03 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Surface preparation method
US4172547A (en) * 1978-11-02 1979-10-30 Delgrande Donald J Method for soldering conventionally unsolderable surfaces
US4252847A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-02-24 Delgrande Donald J Stained glass structure
US4255475A (en) * 1979-03-22 1981-03-10 Delgrande Donald Mosaic structures
US4978052A (en) * 1986-11-07 1990-12-18 Olin Corporation Semiconductor die attach system
US5063286A (en) * 1988-09-26 1991-11-05 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Line image sensor with plural elements arranged at a predetermined pitch according to thermal expansion
US8274446B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2012-09-25 Raytheon Company Lightweight antenna attachment structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1400875B2 (en) 1972-09-28
GB989418A (en) 1965-04-14
DE1400875A1 (en) 1969-05-08
NL285841A (en) 1965-02-10

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