US3288069A - Electromagnetic pumps for pumping molten metal - Google Patents

Electromagnetic pumps for pumping molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3288069A
US3288069A US304388A US30438863A US3288069A US 3288069 A US3288069 A US 3288069A US 304388 A US304388 A US 304388A US 30438863 A US30438863 A US 30438863A US 3288069 A US3288069 A US 3288069A
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bar
molten metal
bars
stream
metal
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US304388A
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English (en)
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Michaux Raymond
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/02—Electrodynamic pumps
    • H02K44/06—Induction pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the transportation of molten metal.
  • the present invention relates to the pumping of molten metal.
  • these devices use the same general principle of operation, which is to say the action of magnetic field on an electric current, in this case a current traversing a stream of liquid metal, this principle being according to the well known law of Laplace.
  • the force which acts on the liquid is in a direction normal to the direction of the lines of force of the field and the current which passes through the liquid element.
  • the devices of the first type involve the circulation of a strong intense current transversely through the stream of liquid metal, at a region where the stream of metal is in an intense magnetic field, the lines of force of this field are normal to the lines of current and to the longitudinal axis of the stream of metal, so that in this way a force acts on the stream of metal parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof.
  • the magnetic field is continuous, either as the result of a magnet or of a winding through which current flows continuously, the current which traverses the metal will also be continuous.
  • Both the current and the field can be equally alternating and of the same frequency, and in this case the phases are adjusted in such a way that the mean force acting on the metal is a maximum in the desired direction.
  • Devices of this general type are satisfactory for metals of low melting points, provided that there is available a material which is a good electrical conductor, sufficiently refractory, and incapable of being attacked by the molten metal so that it can constitute contacts for the passage of electric current through the molten metal. The problems encountered in such situations are often very difficult to solve.
  • the windings are traversed by an alternating current providing suitable magnetic fields which give rise to induced currents in the stream of metal, and the reaction of these currents on the magnetic fields creates the pumping forces provided that the induced currents are suitably oriented.
  • the problem of making electrical contact between such bars and the molten metal is common to devices of the above groups.
  • the problem is a 'ditficult one to solve inasmuch as the molten metal has a high melting point.
  • the invention includes, in an electromagnetic pump for pumping a molten metal, an elongated outer electrically-conductive bar of low resistance extending in the same general direction as and spaced from but located adjacent a stream of molten metal, and an inner bar of substantially the same properties as the molten metal in contact with the latter as well as with the outer bar to provide an electrical connection between the molten metal and the outer bar, the structure of the invention also including a cooling means which provides for the portion of the inner bar which engages the outer bar a temperature sufiiciently low to maintain the inner bar at least partially in a solid state.
  • the process of the invention includes the steps of maintaining, in an electromagnetic pump for pumping molten steel, a copper bar in electrical connection with the molten steel by way of a ferrous metal bar located between and engaging both the copper bar and the molten steel while maintaining the portion of the ferrous bar which engages the copper bar at a temperature on the order of 25 C.
  • FIG. 1 is a partly schematic transverse sectional view of one possible embodiment of an electromagnetic pump according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary schematic longitudinal partly sectional elevation of the electromagnetic pump of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the windings and electrical connections of the pump of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale of part of the structure of FIG. 1.
  • the figures illustrate an electromagnetic pump designed to pump liquid steel at a rate of flow which can attain 50 tons per hour under a pressure of approximately atmospheres.
  • the stream of molten steel flows along a passage 1 which has a rectangular cross section and which has an extremely small depth while being of a width which is very great in relation to its depth.
  • the passage 1 for the stream of molten metal is formed in part by a pair of plates 1a and 1b which are made of materials which have extremely high melting points, much higher than the melting point of steel, and which have an extremely great electrical and mechanical resistance.
  • the plates 1a and 1b which are spaced from each other as shown particularly in FIGS. 1 and 4 may be made of a ceramic material, and zirconia has proved to be particularly suitable for the plates 1a and 1b. It will be noted that the plates 1a and 1b have outer side edges which are bevelled.
  • These ceramic plates 1a and 1b are clamped between two groups of transformer laminations 2a and 2b, which form the magnetic armatures.
  • Above and below the passage 1 are located horizontal electrically-conductive bars 3 which extend perpendicularly across the stream of metal, these bars 3 being situated within corresponding insulated notches of the magnetic armatures 2 and being maintained within these notches by means of wedges identical with those utilized for maintaining the windings of electric motors in their notches, and these wedges are not illustrated in the drawings for the sake of clarity.
  • the bars 3 are connected in series by means of exterior connections 4 having a special form as shown particularly in FIG. 2, and they are formed into an undulating, imbricated, three-phase series winding according to the diagram shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 the upper and lower bars are shown in a plan view, although normally the two parts shown in FIG. 3 are placed one above the other.
  • the connections are similar to those of an induction motor, and the entire construction is the same as if the stator of an asynchronous, three-phase induction motor is unrolled so as to have a fiat configuration.
  • the rotating field of such an asynchronous motor is thus replaced in this case by the sliding or shifting field which shifts perpendicularly to the plane of FIG.
  • the shifting field induces in the molten metal currents on which it exercises forces which entrain the metal and cause it to flow in the same direction as the direction of displacement of the field.
  • the windings are supplied at A, B, and C with current from a three phase network.
  • the bars 3 as well the exterior connections 4 therebetween are hollow and are traversed by a cooling liquid.
  • the molten metal which flows through the pump has a high temperature on the order of 1600 C. or more, so that the cooling is particularly important. For this reason the disposition of electrically-conductive bars above and below the passage 1 is of particular advantage. In effect, besides reinforcing the field, which results from this arrangement, this device has the advantage of producing a symmetrical cooling of the two magnetic masses against which the refractory plates 1a and 1b are located.
  • the ceramic plates 1a and 1b are spaced from each other and define part of the passage 1 through which the molten metal flows, and a particular feature of the invention resides in the structure which completes the passage 1 and which provides the electrical connection between the molten metal and electrically-conductive bars of low resistance as referred to above.
  • a pair of inner elongated electrically-conductive bars 6 (FIGS. 1 and 4), and in the case of molten steel, these bars 6 are also made of steel or at least of a ferrous metal so that they will not have any undesired physical or chemical reaction with the molten metal.
  • the inner bars 6 are in engagement at their outer side edges, which project beyond the plates in and 1b, with a pair of outer bars '7 which are preferably made of copper and which serve to orient the current in the manner described above.
  • the copper bars 7 are formed with substantially V-shaped grooves which receive the bevelled side edges of the refractory plates 1a and 1b, and in addition the copper bars 7 are formed with additional groove portions which receive the outer side edge portions of the inner bars 6 which project beyond the plates 1a and 1b, and these bars 6 may be brazed to the outer bars 7, if desired.
  • the inner side edges of the bars 6 which are directed toward each other define with the inner surfaces of the plates 1a and 1b, which are also directed toward each other, the passage 1 through which the molten metal flows in the form of a ribbon or sheet of molten metal of extremely small thickness and of relatively great width, and furthermore it will be noted that with this arrangement the bars 6 which are of the same properties as the molten metal are directly in contact with the molten metal.
  • a cooling means acting on r the bars 6 for maintaining them at least at their portions which engage the outer bars 7 at temperatures low enough to maintain the bars 6 in a solid state at least in part.
  • the cooling means is formed by the outer portions of the outer bars 7.
  • these outer portions of the bars 7 are hollow so as to form the elongated hollow conduits 8 through which a cooling liquid is adapted to circulate.
  • the passages 8 are closed by plates 9 also of copper and brazed, as indicated at 23 in FIG. 4, to the bars 7 so as to close the passages 8 through which the cooling liquid flows.
  • each pusher bar 10 acts on a fiber shim 22 to push the latter against the closure plate 9 which in turn pushes the bar 7, and a spring acts on each bar 10.
  • the bar 10 extends slidably through a suitable sleeve 21 located within a tubular housing 11, and at its end within the tubular housing 11 the bar 10 threadedly carries a ring 10a on which one end of the spring 20 presses, the other end of the spring 20 engaging the closed end of the tubular housing 11 which is fixed to the frame of the apparatus, so that in this way the several springs 20 act on the several pushers 10 on both sides of the apparatus to urge one row of pushers toward the other row of pushers and thus in this way the pair of bars 7 are urged toward each other.
  • the pushing of the bars 7 toward each other by the rows of pushers 10 urges the refractory plates la and 1b toward each other so that they press against the bars 6 which maintain the plates 1a. and 1b spaced from each other, and in addition it is to be noted that the laminations 2a and 2b also press against the plates 1a and 1b.
  • the dimensions and location of the inner ferrous bars 6 are such that the are situated just outside of the magnetic field.
  • the steel or other ferrous metal bars 6 are in contact with the molten metal which is at a relatively high temperature (on the order of 1600 C.) While at their outer edge portions these bars 6 are maintained at a relatively low temperature on the order of C., so that in this way with the cooling action properly regulated a very effective cooling is provided which guarantees that the bars 6 will be maintained in the solid state.
  • a boundary layer separating the molten steel and the solid steel of the bars 6, and with proper cooling it has been found that the bars 6 do not melt.
  • the entire assembly is mounted on a frame 12 composed of members such as angle bars of H section, and the polar masses are maintained in place by means of sheets 13 which are fixed to the frame 12.
  • a pair of transverse bars 14 are connected to the top of the frame so that the entire assembly can be conveniently handled.
  • the thickness of the ribbon of molten metal which flows through the device is maintained at a minimum.
  • the thickness of the passage 1 is in the neighborhood of 1 cut, and the width of the passage 1 is in the neighborhood of 20 cm., the space between the polar masses 2a and 2b being on the order of 5 cm.
  • each of the plates 1a and 1b will have a thickness of approximately 2 cm. and these plates will be spaced from each other by a distance of 1 cm. so that the total distance between the laminations 2a and 2b is 5 cm.
  • the passage 1 At each end of the device the passage 1 (FIG.
  • each fitting 15 being formed with a flared passage 16 communicating at its small end with the passage 1 and at its large end with a suitable conduit which is not illustrated and which may have a circular section, the fittings 15 being situated within metallic casings 17 which are fixed to the frame of the apparatus.
  • each passage 16 has a cross sectional configuration corresponding to the cross sectional configuration of the passage 1 so that the molten metal flows into and out of the passage 1 from the passages 16 of the fittings 15 shown in FIG. 2 in a very smooth manner.
  • the device which is illustrated by way of example in the drawings is designed to provide a flow of molten steel at a rate of 50 ton-s per hour and at a maximum pressure in the neighborhood of 10 atmospheres.
  • the construction which is designed for this purpose is provided with 60 bars 3 above the passage 1 and an equal number below the passage 1, and these bars are traversed by electrical current whose intensity can attain 3000 amperes.
  • the total power required ranges between and 200' kw.
  • an outer elongated electrically-conductive bar extending in the same general direction as and located along a stream of molten metal which is pumped by the electromagnetic pump; an inner elongated electrically-conductive metallic bar of substantially the same composition as the stream of molten metal, said inner bar being located between and engaging both the stream of molten metal and the outer electrically-conductive bar for electrically connecting the latter to the stream of metal, the material of said outer electrically-conductive bar having a lower melting point and a higher electrical conductivity than the material of said inner bar; and cooling means for cooling at least that portion of said inner bar which engages said outer bar for maintaining 7 said portion of said inner bar :at :a temperature sufiiciently low to maintain at least said portion of said inner bar in a solid state.
  • an elongated outer electricallyconductive bar extending in the same general direction as and located along a stream of molten metal which is pumped by the electromagnetic pump; an inner elongated electrically-conductive metallic bar of substantially the same composition as the stream of molten metal and located between and engaging both the stream of molten metal and the outer bar for placing the latter in electrical communication with the stream of molten metal, the material of said outer electrically-conductive bar having a lower melting point and a higher electrical conductivity than the material of said inner bar; and cooling means for cooling that portion of said inner bar which engages said outer bar for maintaining said portion of said inner bar at a temperature sufficiently low to maintain said inner bar at least partially in a solid state.
  • an electromagnetic pump for pumping molten metal said pump providing a magnetic field which participates in the pumping of the molten metal
  • an outer elongated electrically-conductive bar extending in the same general direction as and located along a stream of molten metal which is pumped; an inner electrically-conductive bar located between and engaging both the stream of molten metal and the outer bar for placing the latter in electrical communication with the stream of molten metal, said inner bar being located at least partially beyond the magnetic field of the pump; and cooling means for cooling that portion of said inner bar which engages said outer bar for maintaining said portion of said inner bar at a temperature low enough to maintain said inner bar at least partially in a solid state.
  • an outer elongated electricallyconductive bar extending in the same general direction as the stream of molten metal which is pumped and located adjacent but spaced from the stream; an inner electricallyconductive bar of substantially the same composition as said stream of molten metal, said inner bar being located between and engaging both the stream of molten metal and the outer bar for placing the latter in electrical communication with the stream of molten metal, the material of said outer electricallyconductive bar having a lower melting point and a higher electrical conductivity than the material of said inner bar; and cooling means for cooling that portion of the inner bar which engages said outer bar for maintaining said portion of said inner bar at a temperature sufficiently low to maintain at least said portion of the inner bar in the solid state, said cooling means including part of said outer bar which is hollow and through which a cooling fluid is adapted to flow for maintaining the portion of the inner bar which engages the outer bar at said sufficiently low temperature.
  • an electromagnetic pump for pumping molten metal in combination, a pair of outer elongated hollow electrically-conductive bars; and a pair of inner electrically-conductive metallic bars of the same composition as the molten metal, said pair of inner bars engaging and located between the outer bars and adapted to engage also a stream of molten metal which is pumped by the pump so as to place said outer bars in electrical communication with the stream of molten metal, the electrical conductivity of said hollow outer bars being greater than the electrical conductivity of said inner bars and said hollow outer bars being adapted to have a cooling fluid flowing thereth-rough for maintaining the portions of said inner bars which respectively engage said outer bars at temperatures sufiiciently low to maintain said inner bars in the solid state.
  • outer bars being respectively formed with substantially V-shaped grooves which receive said side edge portions of said plates, said side edge portions of said plates being bevelled and mating with said grooves of said outer bars.
  • spring means urging said outer bars toward each other so that the outer bars urge through said grooves and bevelled edges of said plates, said plates toward each other to press against said inner bars.
  • said inner bars having outer edge portions projecting beyond said plates and said outer bars having groove portions which receive said outer portions of said inner bars.
  • said inner bars being made of a material which has substantially the same properties as the stream of molten metal.
  • a process for electromagnetically pumping a molten metal the steps of maintaining in engagement with the molten metal a bar of a material which is electrically conductive and Whose properties prevent any chemical or physical reaction between the molten metal and the bar; maintaining in engagement with the firstmentioned bar, but out of contact with the molten metal, a second bar of a material exhibiting a greater electrical conductivity but having a lower melting point than the material of said first mentioned bar; and cooling the firstmentioned bar to a temperature sufliciently low to maintain said first-mentioned bar at least partially in a solid state.
  • said bar of UNITED STATES PATENTS high electrical conductivity being made of copper. 2,386,369 10/1945 Thompson 103-1 16.
  • said ferrous bar which engages said copper bar being maintained at a temperature of approximately 25 C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US304388A 1962-09-07 1963-08-26 Electromagnetic pumps for pumping molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3288069A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR908871A FR1340324A (fr) 1962-09-07 1962-09-07 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de pompage électromagnétiques à induction pour métaux liquides

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US3288069A true US3288069A (en) 1966-11-29

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US304388A Expired - Lifetime US3288069A (en) 1962-09-07 1963-08-26 Electromagnetic pumps for pumping molten metal

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US (1) US3288069A (de)
AT (1) AT250535B (de)
CH (1) CH404410A (de)
DE (1) DE1553080C2 (de)
FR (1) FR1340324A (de)
GB (1) GB1047960A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3534886A (en) * 1967-09-07 1970-10-20 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh Method and apparatus for metering liquid metals to be conveyed electromagnetically from melting crucibles or heat-retaining vessels
US3738777A (en) * 1970-09-30 1973-06-12 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh An electromagnetic conveying trough with cooling channels
US3787143A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-01-22 Alsacienne Atom Immersion pump for pumping corrosive liquid metals
US3875991A (en) * 1974-01-07 1975-04-08 Korshunov Evgeny Arrangement for conveying and batching liquid metal supplied from a receptacle into a mould for continuous casting of metal ingots
US4505644A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Linear induction pump
US20100071883A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-25 Jan Vetrovec Heat transfer device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2556149B1 (fr) * 1983-12-01 1986-09-12 Electricite De France Pompe electromagnetique

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2386369A (en) * 1942-06-15 1945-10-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electromagnetic pump for electrically conducting liquids
US3084629A (en) * 1957-08-12 1963-04-09 George J Yevick Fluid impulse mechanism

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2386369A (en) * 1942-06-15 1945-10-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electromagnetic pump for electrically conducting liquids
US3084629A (en) * 1957-08-12 1963-04-09 George J Yevick Fluid impulse mechanism

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3534886A (en) * 1967-09-07 1970-10-20 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh Method and apparatus for metering liquid metals to be conveyed electromagnetically from melting crucibles or heat-retaining vessels
US3738777A (en) * 1970-09-30 1973-06-12 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh An electromagnetic conveying trough with cooling channels
US3787143A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-01-22 Alsacienne Atom Immersion pump for pumping corrosive liquid metals
US3809497A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-05-07 Alsacienne Atom Conduction pump for conveying corrosive metals
US3875991A (en) * 1974-01-07 1975-04-08 Korshunov Evgeny Arrangement for conveying and batching liquid metal supplied from a receptacle into a mould for continuous casting of metal ingots
US4505644A (en) * 1982-12-06 1985-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Linear induction pump
US20100071883A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-25 Jan Vetrovec Heat transfer device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH404410A (fr) 1965-12-15
DE1553080B1 (de) 1969-09-18
GB1047960A (en) 1966-11-09
FR1340324A (fr) 1963-10-18
AT250535B (de) 1966-11-10
DE1553080C2 (de) 1970-06-25

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