US3290129A - Ferrous sheet faced with aluminum - Google Patents

Ferrous sheet faced with aluminum Download PDF

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US3290129A
US3290129A US507220A US50722065A US3290129A US 3290129 A US3290129 A US 3290129A US 507220 A US507220 A US 507220A US 50722065 A US50722065 A US 50722065A US 3290129 A US3290129 A US 3290129A
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aluminum
layer
magnesium
sheet
ferrous
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US507220A
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Jr Joseph A Nock
John E Vruggink
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Alcoa Corp
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Aluminum Company of America
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12757—Fe
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to laminates comprising ferrous material faced with aluminous material, and relates par- Patent 2,171,040 describes particularly effective procedures for the direct bonding of stainless steel sheet to aluminum sheet by hot rolling the two materials at 600- 900 F., and subsequently heating the resultant laminate at 600900 F. to strengthen the bond between the two layers.
  • ferrous sheet with one of the readily workable aluminum base alloys containing at least 85% of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, with or without other alloying elements and incidental impurities.
  • Commercial aluminum base alloys of that type are well known; for example, Numbers 2024, 2218, 3004, 4032, 5005, 5050, 5052, 5056, 5083, 5086, 5154, 5155, 5357, 5454, 5456, 5457, 6053, 6061, 6062, 6066, 7075, 7079, 7178 and 7277.
  • the composition of the latter alloys is described on page 917 of Metals Handbook, 8th Edition, Vol. 1, published by American Society for Metals.
  • US. Patent 2,837,435 discloses a clad sheet body comprising ferrous and aluminous sheets bonded together with a third layer intermediate the two.
  • This intermediate layer contains 0.5 to 2% silicon to minimize the formation of the brittle iron-aluminide layer often encountered in iron-aluminum composites, especially where such are heated over 1000 F. as in annealing.
  • the pres- 3,290,129 Patented Dec. 6, 1966 ent invention is based on the discovery that a roll bonded composite of an aluminum sheet containing 0.4 to 10% magnesium and a ferrous sheet can be provided if there be disposed between the aforesaid ferrous and aluminous sheets an intermediate layer containing less than 0.5% silicon, for instance 0.4% or less, and substantially no magnesium.
  • ferrous metal sheet refers to rolled sheet of iron, carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels; and the expressions aluminum sub-- stantially free of magnesium, and magnesium-free aluminum, refer to aluminum and aluminum base alloys which contain no magnesium, or in which magnesium is only present as an impurity in amounts less than 0.1%, and not as an intentionally added element. Com-position percentages set forth herein are by weight.
  • unitary laminates consisting of ferrous metal sheet faced with a wrought aluminum base alloy containing at least of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, are produced by assembling a composite consisting of a layer of such ferrous sheet and a wrought, laminated sheet or slab consisting of a layer of a workable aluminum base alloy containing at least 85% of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, bonded by an integral metallurgical bond to a layer of readily workable aluminum substantially free of magnesium, and containing less than 0.5% silicon, and preferably having an elongation greater than that of the said magnesium-containing alloy layer.
  • the magnesium-free aluminum layer is positioned intermediate the ferrous sheet and the layer of magnesium-containing aluminum base alloy.
  • the assembled composite may either be in the form of two individual pieces of finite length, or may consist of two layers of continuous strip.
  • the magnesium-free aluminum layer may consist of aluminum of commercial purity or better, or may be a workable aluminum base :alloy, such as Numbers 1100, 2219, 3003, and 7072 of the aforesaid table on page 917 of Metals Handbook. In commercial practice, these alloys normally contain less than 0.5 silicon and, more often, 0.4% or less. Preferably the aluminous laminate is in the fully annealed, or only partially work-hardened, condition.
  • the aforesaid assembled composite is hot-rolled at 600 900 F. under sufficient roll pressure to bond the layer of magnesium-free aluminum firmly to the ferrous sheet.
  • the laminate is preferably heated at 600'-900 F. for a short time, as described in Patent 2,171,040, to strengthen the bond between the ferrous layer and the intermediate layer of the laminate by re-crystallization of the intermediate layer.
  • the aforesaid wrought, laminated aluminous sheet or slab consisting of a layer of a wrought aluminum base alloy containing at least 85% of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, and a layer of aluminum which is substantially free of magnesium, can be produced by wellknown procedures which consist essentially of placing sheets or slabs of the two materials together, and hot rolling the resultant composite under sufficient roll pressure to effect a substantial reduction in thickness of the two layers, and formation of strong, integral, metallurgical bond "between the two layers.
  • the magnesium-free aluminum layer becomes joined to the ferrous sheet more firmly than would be the case in binding ferrous sheet directly to the magnesium-containing aluminum base alloy under the same conditions.
  • the presence of the intermediate layer of magnesium-free aluminum, containing less than 0.5% silicon results in an improved hot-rolled laminate of ferrous sheet faced with an aluminum base alloy containing magnesium.
  • the intermediate layer is joined to both the ferrous sheet and the layer of magnesiumcontaining aluminum base alloy by a strong, ductile, workable bond.
  • the invention has been described above in terms of bonding a magnesium-containing aluminum alloy to one side of ferrous sheet by means of a magnesium-free aluminum interlayer. However, it can also be employed to face both sides of the ferrous sheet with magnesiumcontaining aluminum alloys, by bonding to both sides of ferrous sheet a laminate composed of a layer of a magnesium-containing aluminum base alloy, and a layer of magnesium-free aluminum.
  • the invention can be used to produce a laminate consisting of a layer of a wrought aluminum base alloy containing 0.440% of magnesium, with a facing of ferrous sheet bonded to both sides thereof by an intermediate layer of magnesium-free aluminum.
  • Duplex sheet, 0.110 inch thick was produced by hotrolling sheet of commercial aluminum which contained 99.75% of aluminum and no magnesium, to No. 3004 aluminum alloy sheet.
  • the layer of commercial, magnesium-free aluminum was 0.005 inch thick.
  • the duplex sheet was annealed to the temper.
  • the magnesium-free alloy layer of the duplex sheet, and one side of uncoated No. 3004 aluminum alloy sheet, 0.110 inch thick, were each scratch-brushed, after which on each of the scratch-brushed surfaces was laid No. 302 (American Iron and Steel designation) annealed stainless steel sheet, 0.01 inch thick, which had been etched lightly.
  • Some of the stainless steel-aluminous sheet composites were heated at 800 F. for ten minutes, and others were heated at 800 F. for thirty minutes.
  • One-inch wide strips were cut from the laminates so produced.
  • the strength of the bond between the stainless steel layer and the aluminous layer of those strips was tested by measuring the number of pounds of force required to pull the stainless steel layer from the aluminous layer by indentical procedures.
  • the laminates strips composes of a layer of No. 3004 aluminum alloy bonded directly to stainless steel, the average number of pounds of force required to separate the stainless steel from the aluminous layer in the case of the strips which had been heated at 800 F. for ten minutes was three pounds, and in the case of those which had been heated at 800 F. for thirty minutes was too low to be measured.
  • the laminated strips having a layer of commercial aluminum intermediate the stainless steel and the No. 304 aluminum alloy the average was 21 pounds in the case of the strips which had been heated at 800 F. for ten minutes, and was 15 pounds in the case of the strips which had been heated at 800 F. for thirty minutes.
  • a unitary laminate consisting of a layer of ferrous sheet, a layer of wrought aluminum base alloy containing at least of aluminum and between 0.4 and 10% of magnesium as an essential added element, and a wrought layer of aluminum, containing not more than 0.1% magnesium and less than 0.5 silicon, intermediate the said ferrous sheet layer and the said aluminum base alloy layer, the said intermediate layer being integrally bonded to the said ferrous sheet layer and to the said aluminum base alloy layer.

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  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,290,129 FERROUS SHEET FACED WITH ALUMINUM Joseph A. Nock, Jr., Natrona Heights, and John E. Vruggink, Lower Burrell, Pa., assignors to Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Filed Nov. 10, 1965, Ser. No. 507,220
2 Claims. (Cl. 29196.2)
This is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 323,054, filed November 12, 1963, which was a division of application Serial No. 192,043, filed May 3, 1962.
This invention relates to laminates comprising ferrous material faced with aluminous material, and relates par- Patent 2,171,040 describes particularly effective procedures for the direct bonding of stainless steel sheet to aluminum sheet by hot rolling the two materials at 600- 900 F., and subsequently heating the resultant laminate at 600900 F. to strengthen the bond between the two layers.
For some purposes it is desirable to face ferrous sheet with one of the readily workable aluminum base alloys containing at least 85% of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, with or without other alloying elements and incidental impurities. Commercial aluminum base alloys of that type are well known; for example, Numbers 2024, 2218, 3004, 4032, 5005, 5050, 5052, 5056, 5083, 5086, 5154, 5155, 5357, 5454, 5456, 5457, 6053, 6061, 6062, 6066, 7075, 7079, 7178 and 7277. The composition of the latter alloys is described on page 917 of Metals Handbook, 8th Edition, Vol. 1, published by American Society for Metals.
However, workable aluminum base alloys containing over 0.4% of magnesium do not bond readily to ferrous sheet by hot rolling the two materials together, and particular difliculty is encountered in securing a bond which is strong enough to withstand subsequent working operations on the laminate. Apparently the difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory bond is caused by the fact that aluminum base alloys which contain over 0.4% of magnesium acquire a particularly thick oxide film on their surface, especially when heated in contact with air, which film interferes with establishing a metal-to-metal contact between the aluminum alloy and the ferrous sheet. Securing a good bond is particularly difficult when the amount of roll pressure applied in the hot-rolling operation results in little or no working of the ferrous sheet, as is sometimes desirable in the interest of minimizing the amount of strain imposed on the bond between the two layers in subsequent work-forming operations on the laminate.
It is an object of this invention to provide improved laminates of ferrous sheet faced with a wrought aluminum base alloy containing magnesium.
US. Patent 2,837,435 discloses a clad sheet body comprising ferrous and aluminous sheets bonded together with a third layer intermediate the two. This intermediate layer contains 0.5 to 2% silicon to minimize the formation of the brittle iron-aluminide layer often encountered in iron-aluminum composites, especially where such are heated over 1000 F. as in annealing. The pres- 3,290,129 Patented Dec. 6, 1966 ent invention is based on the discovery that a roll bonded composite of an aluminum sheet containing 0.4 to 10% magnesium and a ferrous sheet can be provided if there be disposed between the aforesaid ferrous and aluminous sheets an intermediate layer containing less than 0.5% silicon, for instance 0.4% or less, and substantially no magnesium.
As used herein, the expression ferrous metal sheet refers to rolled sheet of iron, carbon steels, alloy steels, and stainless steels; and the expressions aluminum sub-- stantially free of magnesium, and magnesium-free aluminum, refer to aluminum and aluminum base alloys which contain no magnesium, or in which magnesium is only present as an impurity in amounts less than 0.1%, and not as an intentionally added element. Com-position percentages set forth herein are by weight.
In accordance with the invention, unitary laminates consisting of ferrous metal sheet faced with a wrought aluminum base alloy containing at least of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, are produced by assembling a composite consisting of a layer of such ferrous sheet and a wrought, laminated sheet or slab consisting of a layer of a workable aluminum base alloy containing at least 85% of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, bonded by an integral metallurgical bond to a layer of readily workable aluminum substantially free of magnesium, and containing less than 0.5% silicon, and preferably having an elongation greater than that of the said magnesium-containing alloy layer. In the aforesaid assembled composite the magnesium-free aluminum layer is positioned intermediate the ferrous sheet and the layer of magnesium-containing aluminum base alloy. The assembled composite may either be in the form of two individual pieces of finite length, or may consist of two layers of continuous strip.
The magnesium-free aluminum layer may consist of aluminum of commercial purity or better, or may be a workable aluminum base :alloy, such as Numbers 1100, 2219, 3003, and 7072 of the aforesaid table on page 917 of Metals Handbook. In commercial practice, these alloys normally contain less than 0.5 silicon and, more often, 0.4% or less. Preferably the aluminous laminate is in the fully annealed, or only partially work-hardened, condition.
The aforesaid assembled composite is hot-rolled at 600 900 F. under sufficient roll pressure to bond the layer of magnesium-free aluminum firmly to the ferrous sheet. Following the aforesaid hot-rolling operation, the laminate is preferably heated at 600'-900 F. for a short time, as described in Patent 2,171,040, to strengthen the bond between the ferrous layer and the intermediate layer of the laminate by re-crystallization of the intermediate layer. Prior to assembling the composite to be hotrolled, it is desirable to roughen one or both of the surfaces to be joined, as by scratch brushing such surfaces.
The aforesaid wrought, laminated aluminous sheet or slab consisting of a layer of a wrought aluminum base alloy containing at least 85% of aluminum, and 04-10% of magnesium, and a layer of aluminum which is substantially free of magnesium, can be produced by wellknown procedures which consist essentially of placing sheets or slabs of the two materials together, and hot rolling the resultant composite under sufficient roll pressure to effect a substantial reduction in thickness of the two layers, and formation of strong, integral, metallurgical bond "between the two layers. When such a duplex material and a separate layer of ferrous metal sheet are placed together and hot-rolled, as described above, the magnesium-free aluminum layer becomes joined to the ferrous sheet more firmly than would be the case in binding ferrous sheet directly to the magnesium-containing aluminum base alloy under the same conditions. Thus, the presence of the intermediate layer of magnesium-free aluminum, containing less than 0.5% silicon, results in an improved hot-rolled laminate of ferrous sheet faced with an aluminum base alloy containing magnesium. Moreover, the intermediate layer is joined to both the ferrous sheet and the layer of magnesiumcontaining aluminum base alloy by a strong, ductile, workable bond.
The invention has been described above in terms of bonding a magnesium-containing aluminum alloy to one side of ferrous sheet by means of a magnesium-free aluminum interlayer. However, it can also be employed to face both sides of the ferrous sheet with magnesiumcontaining aluminum alloys, by bonding to both sides of ferrous sheet a laminate composed of a layer of a magnesium-containing aluminum base alloy, and a layer of magnesium-free aluminum.
Likewise, the invention can be used to produce a laminate consisting of a layer of a wrought aluminum base alloy containing 0.440% of magnesium, with a facing of ferrous sheet bonded to both sides thereof by an intermediate layer of magnesium-free aluminum.
The improved strength of bond which is obtained by use of a magnesium-free aluminum interlayer between ferrous sheet and aluminum alloys containing magnesium is illustrated by the following tests:
Duplex sheet, 0.110 inch thick, was produced by hotrolling sheet of commercial aluminum which contained 99.75% of aluminum and no magnesium, to No. 3004 aluminum alloy sheet. In the resultant duplex sheet the layer of commercial, magnesium-free aluminum was 0.005 inch thick. The duplex sheet was annealed to the temper. The magnesium-free alloy layer of the duplex sheet, and one side of uncoated No. 3004 aluminum alloy sheet, 0.110 inch thick, were each scratch-brushed, after which on each of the scratch-brushed surfaces was laid No. 302 (American Iron and Steel designation) annealed stainless steel sheet, 0.01 inch thick, which had been etched lightly. Some of the stainless steel-aluminous sheet composites were heated at 800 F. for ten minutes, and others were heated at 800 F. for thirty minutes. All of them were hot-rolled at 800 F. to a thickness of 0.102 inch in a single pass through the rolls. In the case of the composites in which the stainless steel sheet was in direct contact with the No. 3004 aluminum alloy sheet, the hot rolling effected an average elongation of the stainless steel sheet of 12%; in the case of the composites having a commercial aluminum interlayer between the stainless steel and the No. 3004 aluminum alloy the average elongation effected in the stainless steel Was 7%.
One-inch wide strips were cut from the laminates so produced. The strength of the bond between the stainless steel layer and the aluminous layer of those strips was tested by measuring the number of pounds of force required to pull the stainless steel layer from the aluminous layer by indentical procedures. For the laminates strips composes of a layer of No. 3004 aluminum alloy bonded directly to stainless steel, the average number of pounds of force required to separate the stainless steel from the aluminous layer in the case of the strips which had been heated at 800 F. for ten minutes was three pounds, and in the case of those which had been heated at 800 F. for thirty minutes was too low to be measured. For the laminated strips having a layer of commercial aluminum intermediate the stainless steel and the No. 304 aluminum alloy, the average was 21 pounds in the case of the strips which had been heated at 800 F. for ten minutes, and was 15 pounds in the case of the strips which had been heated at 800 F. for thirty minutes.
We claim:
1. A unitary laminate consisting of a layer of ferrous sheet, a layer of wrought aluminum base alloy containing at least of aluminum and between 0.4 and 10% of magnesium as an essential added element, and a wrought layer of aluminum, containing not more than 0.1% magnesium and less than 0.5 silicon, intermediate the said ferrous sheet layer and the said aluminum base alloy layer, the said intermediate layer being integrally bonded to the said ferrous sheet layer and to the said aluminum base alloy layer.
2. The unitary laminate according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate layer contains at least 99.75 aluminum.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS HYLAN D BIZOT, Primary Examiner.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No, 3,290,129 December 6, 1966 Joseph A, Nock, Jr et a1 It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2, line 72, for "binding" read bonding columr 4, line 11, for "laminates" read laminated line 22, for
"304" read 3004 --D Signed and sealed this 19th day of September 1967.
(SEAL) Attest: ERNEST W. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. A UNITARY LAMINATE CONSISTING OF LAYER OF FERROUS SHEET, A LAYER OF WROUGHT ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY CONTAINING AT LEAST 85% OF ALUMINUM AND BETWEEN 0.4 AND 10% MAGMAGNESIUM AS AN ESSENTIAL ADDED ELEMENT, AND A WROUGHT LAYER OFF ALUMINUM, CONTAININGG NOT MORE THAN 0.1% MAGNESIUM AND LESS THAN 0.5% SILICON, INTERMEDIATE THE SAID FERROUS SHEET LAYER AND THE SAID ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY LAYER, THE SAID INTERMEDIATE LAYER BEING INTEGRALLY BONDED TO THE SAID FERROUS SHEET LAYER AND TO THE SAID ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY LAYER.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480411A (en) * 1967-01-23 1969-11-25 Olin Mathieson Composite fin stock material
US3621883A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-11-23 Texas Instruments Inc Transitional connector
US3773477A (en) * 1968-12-27 1973-11-20 Aluminum Co Of America Clad aluminum base alloy
US3798011A (en) * 1969-01-31 1974-03-19 Du Pont Multilayered metal composite
US3825993A (en) * 1971-05-27 1974-07-30 Aluminum Co Of America Method of providing article from clad aluminum base alloy
US3881883A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-05-06 Reynolds Metals Co Clad composites and aluminous metal compositions for cladding

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1865089A (en) * 1927-01-22 1932-06-28 Aluminum Co Of America Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy articles and method of making the same
US2396730A (en) * 1941-10-24 1946-03-19 Al Fin Corp Coating metal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1865089A (en) * 1927-01-22 1932-06-28 Aluminum Co Of America Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy articles and method of making the same
US2396730A (en) * 1941-10-24 1946-03-19 Al Fin Corp Coating metal

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480411A (en) * 1967-01-23 1969-11-25 Olin Mathieson Composite fin stock material
US3773477A (en) * 1968-12-27 1973-11-20 Aluminum Co Of America Clad aluminum base alloy
US3798011A (en) * 1969-01-31 1974-03-19 Du Pont Multilayered metal composite
US3621883A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-11-23 Texas Instruments Inc Transitional connector
US3825993A (en) * 1971-05-27 1974-07-30 Aluminum Co Of America Method of providing article from clad aluminum base alloy
US3881883A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-05-06 Reynolds Metals Co Clad composites and aluminous metal compositions for cladding

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