US3293006A - Powdered copper metal part and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Powdered copper metal part and method of manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3293006A
US3293006A US94487A US9448761A US3293006A US 3293006 A US3293006 A US 3293006A US 94487 A US94487 A US 94487A US 9448761 A US9448761 A US 9448761A US 3293006 A US3293006 A US 3293006A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
particles
copper
sieve
powdered copper
size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US94487A
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English (en)
Inventor
Theodore J Bartz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EW Bliss Co Inc
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EW Bliss Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EW Bliss Co Inc filed Critical EW Bliss Co Inc
Priority to US94487A priority Critical patent/US3293006A/en
Priority to GB4338/65A priority patent/GB1005180A/en
Priority to GB8850/62A priority patent/GB1005179A/en
Priority to DK108462AA priority patent/DK106834C/da
Priority to DEC26444A priority patent/DE1288253B/de
Priority to US571351A priority patent/US3401033A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3293006A publication Critical patent/US3293006A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to E.W. BLISS COMPANY, INC. A DE CORP. reassignment E.W. BLISS COMPANY, INC. A DE CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: E.W. BLISS COMPANY
Assigned to BARCLAYS AMERICAN/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC. reassignment BARCLAYS AMERICAN/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: E.W. BLISS COMPANY
Assigned to SHAWMUT CAPITAL CORPORATION reassignment SHAWMUT CAPITAL CORPORATION SALE/TRANSFER OF SECURITY INTEREST TO A NEW SECURED PARTY Assignors: BARCLAYS BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F2003/023—Lubricant mixed with the metal powder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles

Definitions

  • powdered copper may be compacted in order to form structural parts such as bearings, gears or bushings, etc. It is also known that powdered copper of the kind under consideration may be compacted and rolled into copper strip.
  • lubricant or bonding agent Under normal circumstances the lubricant or bonding agent is purged from the compact or resulting unitary metallic structure or shape during a sintering operation conducted prior to a metal forming operation. In the past it has been diflicult to mix the lubricant or bonding agent with the particles :forming the powdered copper so that adequate adherence of the particles may be achieved. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved method of mixing a bonding agent with a charge of metallic powder to provide a more efficient compaction of the metallic particles when it is desired to form the particles into a compact suitable for extrusion into tubing.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a structural member such as tubing wherein the wall of the tubing is formed by extruding a unitary compact formed of discrete metallic particles having particular physical "ice characteristics, such as size, that lend themselves to the efficient formation of tubing by the extrusion method.
  • discrete particles of copper may be formed by chemical recovery processes or by electrolysis. Copper formed in the manner described consists of a multitude of individual particles of copper which may be subjected to grinding or similar operations in order to provide a quantity of powdered copper having particular physical characteristics. In order that the powdered copper be suitable for formation into structural shapes such as sleeve bearings,
  • the metallic particles have certain physical sizes determined by the American Society of Testing Materials, known as A.S.T.M. standards and more commonly referred to as sieve sizes. Another organization that has established standards for the measurement of metal particles is the Metal Powder Industries Federation. It is also generally known that the A.S.T.M. sieve sizes bear a direct relationship to the size of the individual particles. For example, a sieve or screen classified as an A.S.T.M. #325 consists of openings through which metallic particles having a dimension of 44 microns or less, will pass. In the art, metallic particles that pass through a #325 sieve are classified as fines. Other conventional sieve sizes used to classify particle sizes bear the following numerical designations, 100, 150, 200, etc.
  • the physical characteristics of the quantity are defined in terms of percentages of particles that are retained or passed through a given sieve size.
  • coarses may be suitable :for formation into a structural shape such as a sleeve bearing, the size of the tines that may be included in any given quantity of powdered copper for formation into a compact to be sintered and subsequently extruded into tubing, is limited.
  • fines of powdered copper of an average particle size less than ten microns are unsuitable for formation into a compact to be subsequently extruded into a tube.
  • the separation of fines of an undesirable dimension may be accomplished by a manufacturer or supplier of powdered copper of the kind under consideration.
  • the specification .for powdered copper of the kind used in the formation of copper tubing normally includes as an upper limit, particles that will pass a (A.S.T.M.) mesh screen or sieve. However, it has been found the presence of one-half of one percent in any given quantity of powdered copper that will not pass the #100 mesh screen, does not have any appreciable effect on the compacting and extrusion operations. The majority of the particles of powdered copper fall in the size category determined by a #325 mesh screen. This value usually runs between fifty-five to seventy percent.
  • Percent Percentage of particles retained on a #100 sieve 0.5 Percentage of particles passing through a #100 sieve but retained on a #140 sieve 5.6 Percentage of particles passing through a #140 sieve but retained on a #200 sieve 6.6 Percentage of particles passing through a #200 sieve but retained on a #230 sieve 12.4 Percentage of particles passing through a #230 sieve but retained on a #325 sieve 15.5
  • An important feature of the invention is the discovery that the average particle size of the metal passing through the #325 screen should not be less than ten microns.
  • the manner in which the average particle size of the fines referred to above is controlled is known in the art and described in a bulletin entitled, Method for Determination of Average Particle Size of Metal Powders by the Fisher Subsieve Sizer, M.D.I.F. Standard 32-60, issued July, 1960, by the Metal Powder Industries Federation, Metal Powder Producers Association.
  • more eflicient compacts are formed and more complete deoxidation is accomplished in the sintering operations.
  • the more minute particles present more surfaces per batch to be lubricated as well as furnishing more surfaces for the formation of oxide.
  • the powder is mixed with a lubricant in the manner broadly described above.
  • Another feature of this invention pertains to the method of mixing the-lubricant with the powdered copper so that an efficient bond is subsequently obtained during the com pression operation employed to form the compact. It has been determined that Lithium Sterate in powder form may be employed as a lubricant and successfully mixed with powdered copper in the manner to be described:
  • the novel method of mixing the lubricant with the powdered copper involves separating from a given quantity of powdered copper an amount that, for convenience, may be ten to twenty per cent of the entire charge or quantity of powdered copper to be subject tocompression in a compacting machine.
  • the separated portion of powdered copper is then fed through a series of sieves preferably larger than the #100 mesh size. I have found that if two sieves of the #50 mesh size and two sieves of the #75 mesh size are employed in the manner to be described successfully blending of the powdered copper and lubricant may be achieved.
  • the sieve assembly As the powdered copper and lubricant are fed through the sieves the sieve assembly is subject to a mild vibrating action for the purpose of feeding by gravity the mixture through the sieves. neath the lowest sieve in the sieve assembly is positioned a container for the purpose of receiving the charge after it passes through the sieves.
  • the mix of powdered copper and lubricant deposited in the container is agitated by shaking the container to determine the extent of separation of the two constituents in the container. If, at the conclusion of the agitating action the lubricant tends to separate from the powdered copper the two materials are 4 fed once again through the sieves and the agitation action of the container repeated. It will be observed that after each pass through the sieves the tendency for the two constituents to separate becomes less. I have successfully blended two materials forming a charge of ten pounds after four passes through the sieve assembly.
  • the mixture is then added to the initial or original batch and blended with conventional blending equipment for a period of time sufiicient to assure complete mixture of the powdered copper and lubricant.
  • sufiicient to assure complete mixture of the powdered copper and lubricant.
  • the batch is fed to a compacting machine for the purpose of forming individual compacts of the dimensions described above.
  • the compacts After the compacts have been formed they are subjected to a sintering action consisting of two steps.
  • the first passage is accomplished through a furnace having an atmosphere of d-isassociated ammonia at a temperature of 1200 F.
  • the second step consists of passing the compacts through the furnace at an elevated temperature.
  • the lubricant is burned off in the form of a volatile gas.
  • the second step at the elevated temperature is for the purpose of purging the individual particles of oxide which forms on the surface.
  • the compact-s after passing through the sintering furnaces are coated with a lubricant, for the purpose of facilitating extrusion of the compacts, and fed to an extrusion press.
  • the compact In the extrusion press the compact is received in a container arranged in a die block and is subjected to pressures sufficient to extrude it by a punch member having an axially extending mandrel for insertion in the axial opening of the compact. The metal is then extruded in a path about the mandrel in the die member to form the tube.
  • the tubing formed in the manner described possesses a relatively fine grain structure which after annealing appears relatively undisturbed.
  • a structural member having a tubular configuration wherein the wall is com posed of discrete particles of copper, a majority of which pass through a #325 sieve and have an average size of at least ten microns.
  • a copper powder material for compaction into a unitary structural shape comprising discrete metallic particles, the majority being of a size sufiicient to pass an A.S.T.M. standard 325 screen, said majority further being of a size such that the average particle size is at least ten microns.
  • the method of making a copper tubular member of predetermined dimensions which consists in the steps of mixing a quantity of discrete copper particles, the largest percentage of which are of a size suflicient to pass an A.S.T.M. standard #325 sieve and have an average particle size of at least ten microns with a lubricating agent to promote bonding of the particles, compacting the mixture to a predetermined shape suitable for extrusion, presintering the compacted unit to purge the unit of the lubricant, sintering the unit to remove oxides therefrom, and extruding the compacted unit to the desired tubular shape.
  • a briquette consisting primarily of discrete copper particles compacted to form a predetermined shape which consists in the steps of blending a mixture of powdered metal particles, the majority of which are of a size sufficient to pass an A.S.T.M. standard #325 sieve, said majority having an average particle size of at least ten microns, with an agent for lubricating the particles for the purpose of promoting particle adherence, and compressing the blended mixture to the predetermined shape.
  • a briquette consisting primarily of discrete copper particles compacted to form a predetermined shape which consists in the steps of preblending a selected portion of a quantity of copper particles, the majority of which are of a size sufiicient to 1 pass an A.S.T.M. standard #325 sieve, said majority having an average particle'size of at least ten microns with a lubricating material for promoting bonding of the particles, admixing the pre-blended mix with the remainder of the original quantity and compressing the resulting mixture to the predetermined shape.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
US94487A 1961-03-09 1961-03-09 Powdered copper metal part and method of manufacture thereof Expired - Lifetime US3293006A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94487A US3293006A (en) 1961-03-09 1961-03-09 Powdered copper metal part and method of manufacture thereof
GB4338/65A GB1005180A (en) 1961-03-09 1962-03-07 Method of producing a mixture of metallic particles and a lubricant
GB8850/62A GB1005179A (en) 1961-03-09 1962-03-07 Metallic powder material and parts made therefrom and a method of producing them
DK108462AA DK106834C (da) 1961-03-09 1962-03-08 Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et kobberrør.
DEC26444A DE1288253B (de) 1961-03-09 1962-03-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kupferrohres
US571351A US3401033A (en) 1961-03-09 1966-06-07 Method of blending powdered metal and lubricant prior to sintering

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94487A US3293006A (en) 1961-03-09 1961-03-09 Powdered copper metal part and method of manufacture thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3293006A true US3293006A (en) 1966-12-20

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US94487A Expired - Lifetime US3293006A (en) 1961-03-09 1961-03-09 Powdered copper metal part and method of manufacture thereof

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3293006A (da)
DE (1) DE1288253B (da)
DK (1) DK106834C (da)
GB (2) GB1005180A (da)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3368881A (en) * 1965-04-12 1968-02-13 Nuclear Metals Division Of Tex Titanium bi-alloy composites and manufacture thereof
US3404000A (en) * 1966-07-19 1968-10-01 British Insulated Callenders Process for the production of copper bodies of high mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity
US3436802A (en) * 1967-11-14 1969-04-08 Magnetics Inc Powder metallurgy
US3445625A (en) * 1964-09-03 1969-05-20 Varian Associates Method for making porous low density metal member from powdered metal
US3757410A (en) * 1971-01-27 1973-09-11 Treadwell Corp Method and apparatus for extruding metal powder to produce a continuous rod
US3765866A (en) * 1968-09-09 1973-10-16 Contemporary Res Inc Production of copper and copper oxide powder for powder metallurgy
US3996047A (en) * 1974-03-07 1976-12-07 Airco, Inc. Method and mold for producing round rods by powder metallurgy
US6454991B1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-09-24 Unisa Jecs Corporation Method of forging raw material for sintering and forging
US20100008609A1 (en) * 2006-07-04 2010-01-14 Yun-Ju Chen Self-lubricating bearing and its manufacturing process
CN105382262A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-09 深圳艾利门特科技有限公司 一种带内沟槽的导热铜管的制造方法
CN105880609A (zh) * 2016-04-11 2016-08-24 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 一种发动机喷管的成型工艺方法及成型模具

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1660280A (en) * 1926-08-10 1928-02-21 Pennsylvania Gypsum Company Process for the production of porous building material
US1703864A (en) * 1926-07-22 1929-03-05 Craig R Arnold Method of producing compositions containing mineral aggregates
US2358667A (en) * 1941-12-03 1944-09-19 Stern Max Method for the production of shaped articles such as tubes, rods, and profiles from magnesium and magnesium alloy scrap
US2391752A (en) * 1942-05-30 1945-12-25 Stern Max Method for treating aluminum or aluminum alloy scrap
US2839819A (en) * 1957-07-12 1958-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Weldable sintered molybdenum
US2842836A (en) * 1954-12-23 1958-07-15 Johannes N Hiensch Moldable body, shaped metal article and method of making the same
US3009809A (en) * 1959-02-27 1961-11-21 Jr Joseph Neri Sintering of iron-aluminum base powders

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE593621C (de) * 1934-02-28 Robert Bosch Akt Ges Verfahren zum Formen von Huelsen
CH169762A (de) * 1932-01-13 1934-06-15 Esser Heinrich Verfahren zur Herstellung von eisernen Gegenständen unter Benutzung von Eisenschwamm.
CH197352A (de) * 1937-03-22 1938-04-30 Aurel Korek Verfahren zur Herstellung von gesinterten Hartmetallegierungen.
DE923469C (de) * 1941-09-14 1955-02-14 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Strangpressverfahren fuer Metallpulver
DE803972C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-04-12 Fried Krupp Widiafabrik Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkoerpern aus Metallpulvern

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1703864A (en) * 1926-07-22 1929-03-05 Craig R Arnold Method of producing compositions containing mineral aggregates
US1660280A (en) * 1926-08-10 1928-02-21 Pennsylvania Gypsum Company Process for the production of porous building material
US2358667A (en) * 1941-12-03 1944-09-19 Stern Max Method for the production of shaped articles such as tubes, rods, and profiles from magnesium and magnesium alloy scrap
US2391752A (en) * 1942-05-30 1945-12-25 Stern Max Method for treating aluminum or aluminum alloy scrap
US2842836A (en) * 1954-12-23 1958-07-15 Johannes N Hiensch Moldable body, shaped metal article and method of making the same
US2839819A (en) * 1957-07-12 1958-06-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Weldable sintered molybdenum
US3009809A (en) * 1959-02-27 1961-11-21 Jr Joseph Neri Sintering of iron-aluminum base powders

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3445625A (en) * 1964-09-03 1969-05-20 Varian Associates Method for making porous low density metal member from powdered metal
US3368881A (en) * 1965-04-12 1968-02-13 Nuclear Metals Division Of Tex Titanium bi-alloy composites and manufacture thereof
US3404000A (en) * 1966-07-19 1968-10-01 British Insulated Callenders Process for the production of copper bodies of high mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity
US3436802A (en) * 1967-11-14 1969-04-08 Magnetics Inc Powder metallurgy
US3765866A (en) * 1968-09-09 1973-10-16 Contemporary Res Inc Production of copper and copper oxide powder for powder metallurgy
US3757410A (en) * 1971-01-27 1973-09-11 Treadwell Corp Method and apparatus for extruding metal powder to produce a continuous rod
US3996047A (en) * 1974-03-07 1976-12-07 Airco, Inc. Method and mold for producing round rods by powder metallurgy
US6454991B1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2002-09-24 Unisa Jecs Corporation Method of forging raw material for sintering and forging
US20100008609A1 (en) * 2006-07-04 2010-01-14 Yun-Ju Chen Self-lubricating bearing and its manufacturing process
US7954241B2 (en) * 2006-07-04 2011-06-07 Yun-Ju Chen Self-lubricating bearing and its manufacturing process
CN105382262A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-03-09 深圳艾利门特科技有限公司 一种带内沟槽的导热铜管的制造方法
CN105880609A (zh) * 2016-04-11 2016-08-24 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 一种发动机喷管的成型工艺方法及成型模具
CN105880609B (zh) * 2016-04-11 2018-06-26 哈尔滨建成集团有限公司 一种发动机喷管的成型工艺方法及成型模具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK106834C (da) 1967-03-20
GB1005180A (en) 1965-09-22
DE1288253B (de) 1969-01-30
GB1005179A (en) 1965-09-22

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: E.W. BLISS COMPANY, INC. A DE CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:E.W. BLISS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004221/0378

Effective date: 19831110

AS Assignment

Owner name: BARCLAYS AMERICAN/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., CONNECTIC

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:E.W. BLISS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:005880/0330

Effective date: 19880915

AS Assignment

Owner name: SHAWMUT CAPITAL CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT

Free format text: SALE/TRANSFER OF SECURITY INTEREST TO A NEW SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BARCLAYS BUSINESS CREDIT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007644/0215

Effective date: 19950130