US3311549A - Electrolytic shaping apparatus - Google Patents

Electrolytic shaping apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3311549A
US3311549A US249639A US24963963A US3311549A US 3311549 A US3311549 A US 3311549A US 249639 A US249639 A US 249639A US 24963963 A US24963963 A US 24963963A US 3311549 A US3311549 A US 3311549A
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
electrode
clamping
handle
conductor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US249639A
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English (en)
Inventor
Norbert A Bruns
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Anocut Engineering Co
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Anocut Engineering Co
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Publication date
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Priority to US249639A priority Critical patent/US3311549A/en
Priority to CH1577363A priority patent/CH400407A/fr
Priority to FR958249A priority patent/FR1384234A/fr
Priority to GB51069/63A priority patent/GB1062050A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3311549A publication Critical patent/US3311549A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
    • B23H11/003—Mounting of workpieces, e.g. working-tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
    • B23H9/10—Working turbine blades or nozzles

Definitions

  • contours and cavities on and in electrically conductive and electrochemically erodible workpieces can be formed by an electrode wherein electrolyte under appreciable pressure is pumped through a narrow work gap between the electrode and workpiece, and a low potential, high density direct current is passed simultaneously therewith between the electrode and workpiece.
  • This method and the apparatus for practicing it are described in Lynn A. Williams Patent No. 3,058,895, dated Oct. 16, 1962, and in the copending applications of Lynn A. Williams, Ser. No. 73,154, filed Sept. 2, 1960, and Lynn A. Williams and Leonard Malkowski, Ser. No. 201,679, filed June 11, 1962, and with respect to certain details, in other copending applications of Lynn A. Williams.
  • the present invention provides a fixture for holding workpieces during electrolytic shaping wherein the workpiece may be easily inserted into and removed from the fixture to facilitate electrolytic shaping of a plurality of workpieces. Furthermore, the fixture of the present invention is adapted to prevent stray electrolytic erosion of the electrolytic shaping apparatus, and more particularly, of the work table upon which the fixture is placed.
  • Another object is to provide a fixture for holding a workpiece during an electrolytic shaping operation, which is adapted firmly to hold the workpiece in proper position during the electrolytic shaping operation.
  • Another object is to provide a fixture for holding a workpiece in an electrolytic shaping apparatus which includes an electrode guide and means for conducting the electrolyte to and from the work gap between the electrode and the workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electrolytic shaping apparatus employing a fixture embodying the features of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the fixture illustratedin FIG. 1, taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. '1, and looking at the fixture and workpiece from the electrode entry end;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the fixture illustrated in FIG. 1, taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2, with a portion of the fixture cut away;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of the fixture illustrated in FIG. 1, taken along the line 44 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the workpiece held by the fixture illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • an electrolytic shaping apparatus associated with a work holder fixture embodying the features of the present invention, and indicated generally by reference numeral 12.
  • the work holder fixture 1 2 is adapted to hold a workpiece W in proper position during electrolytic shaping.
  • the workpiece W shown is a turbine blade having a convex center section 16 and end flanges 18 and 20. The latter each have outwardly extending ribs 22 and 24 which are substantially parallel to one another. It is to be understood that this workpiece is by way of example only, and other workpieces are intended to be secured in the fixture 12.
  • the work holder fixture .12 is adapted to hold the turbine blade W in proper position during the electrolytic shaping operation wherein the apparatus 10 electrolytically cuts the notch 26 in the rib 24 of the end flange 18.
  • the electrolytic shaping apparatus 10 is, in this instance, of the type disclosed and claimed in the aforementioned copending application of Lynn A. Williams and Leonard Malkowski, Ser. No. 201,679.
  • the electrolytic shaping apparatus 10 includes a drivehead assembly 30 which controls the axial movement of an electrode 32 as it performs the electrolytic shaping operation on the workpiece W, that is, electrolytically cuts the notch 26 in the rib 24 of the turbine blade W.
  • the electrolytic shaping operation is effected in a Work area enclosed by any suitable housing of stainless steel or the like, as more fully described in the copending application of Lynn A. Williams, Ser. No. 73,154, previously mentioned.
  • the drivehead assembly 30 is.rnounted on a suitable base (not shown) and includes an axially movable ram assembly 33 which projects into the work area.
  • the ram assembly 33 has an electrolyte supply 34 through a pipe 36, the supply 34 and pipe 36 being indicated schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the electrolyte supply 34 includes a pump and conduits such that the electrolyte is pumped to the entry to the work gap between the workpiece W and the electrode 32 at a pressure in the range of 40 to 350 p.s.i.
  • the electrode 32 shown is of the solid type and is mounted on a mounting plate 38 of the ram assembly 33.
  • the electrode 32 is connected to the negative terminal of a power supply 40 by an electrical conductor 42 fixedly secured to the mounting plate 38.
  • the power supply may be of the type supplying a low voltage, 4 to 25 volts, high density direct current disclosed in the copending application of Lynn A. Williams and James E. Davis, Ser. No. 863,246, filed Dec. 31, 1959, now abandoned.
  • the electrode 32 projects outwardly from the mounting plate 38 into the work area and is guided by the work holder fixa positive potential relative to the electrode 32. To these ends, as seen in FIGS.
  • the work holder fixture 12 includes a clamping means 50, an electrical contact means 52, supporting blocks 54, 56, and 58, and an electrolyte supply feeder and electrode guide means 60.
  • the blade portion 16 of the workpiece W rests upon the supporting blocks 54 and 56 while abutting against the supporting block 58, the electrical contact means 52, and the feeder and guide means 60.
  • the clamping means 50 holds the blade W in position on the supporting blocks 54 and 56 and prevents it from moving during the electrolytic shaping operation.
  • the electrical contact means 52 connects the blade W into the electric circuit to be positive with respect to the electrode 32, which is properly guided by the electorlyte supply feeder and electrode guide means 60.
  • the electrolyte supply feeder and electrode guide means 60 conducts the electrolyte, in a manner more apparent hereinafter, to the work gap between the electrode '32 and the workpiece W in order that the desired electrolytic shaping may be effected.
  • the clamping means 50 includes a base 62 which is fixedly secured to a fixture base 66.
  • the fixture base 66 has upwardly extending threaded studs 63 secured thereto which extend through slots 65 in the base 62.
  • Nuts 64 engage the studs 63 to secure the base 62 and the clamping means 50 in place.
  • the slots 65 allow the base 62 and therefore the clamping means 50 to be moved and adjusted to proper position before being fixedly secured in place.
  • a vertical standard 68 Extending upwardly from and rigidly secured to the base 62 by welding or the like is a vertical standard 68 to which is attached an upwardly extending member 70 by bolts 72 which extend through a slot 71 (FIG. 2) in the member 7 and threadedly engage holes 73 in the standard 68.
  • the slot 71 permits the height of the clamping means 50 to be adjusted to correspond with the size of the workpiece to be electrolytically shaped.
  • Attached to the upper end of the support member 70 by nuts and bolts 74 or the like are plates 76 and 78 which are substantially parallel to one another and maintained in proper spaced relationship :by a U-shaped bracket member 79. As seen in FIGS.
  • the plates 76 and 78 havearcuabe slots 77 whereby the plates 76 and 78 may be pivoted further to adjust the position of the clamping means 50 to hold workpieces of different sizes and shapes.
  • the plates 76 and 78 support a horizontally extending pin 80 or the like about which a handle 82 is pivoted.
  • the handle 82 is adapted to pivot onthe pin 80 and has an arcuate linkage member 84 pivotally attached thereto between the pin 80 and its outer end.
  • One end of the linkage member 84 has a slot 87 therethrough which cooperates with suitable pin means 86 attached to the handle 82 so that this end of the linkage member 84 may pivot with respect to the handle 82.
  • the pin means 86 may slide within the slot 87 and therefore that this end of the linkage member 84 may move with respect to the handle 82 and the pin means 86.
  • the other end of the linkage member is pivotally attached to an end of a clamping arm 88 by pivotal pin means 90 or the like fixedly secured to the clamping arm 88.
  • Suitable guide means 92 are fixedly secured between the plates 76 and 78 to guide the clamping arm 88 as it moves downwardly to clamp the workpiece W, or moves upwardly to allow the workpiece W to be removed from the clamping means 50, depending upon the movement of the handle 32.
  • the clamping arm 88 has fixedly secured to its other end a pad 96 of resilient gripping material, such as neoprene or the like, to prevent damage to the workpiece W, while simultaneously providing enhanced gripping of the workpiece by the clamping arm 88.
  • the handle 82 has a curved camming surface 94 with a V-shaped tip 94a on its inner end adapted to cooperate with the upper end of the clamping arm 88.
  • the clamping arm 88 is illustrated in its locked or clamping position. This is effected by clockwise rotation of the handle 82 (FIG. 2) which caused the camming surface 94 to force the clamping arm 88 downwardly so that the pad 96 engages the workpiece W.
  • the locked position is achieved when the tip 94a engages the end of the clamping arm 88 as shown in FIG. 2, and any upward movement of the clamping arm 88- is prevented because it cannot rotate the handle 82 in the counterclockwise or unlocking direction.
  • the linkage member 84 upon pivoting the clamping arm 82 in the counterclockwise direction about the pin 80, the linkage member 84 will also pivot in a counterclockwise direction, the V-shaped tip 94a will move off the end of the clamping arm 88, thereby releasing it, and the linkage member 84 will pull the clamping arm 88 upwardly to release the workpiece W.
  • the clamping means 50 is adapted to hold the workpiece W in proper position on the supporting blocks 54 and 56 and prevent it from moving during the electrolytic shaping operation.
  • the workpiece W is released and may be removed from the fixture 12 to allow another workpiece to be placed in the fixture 12 for electrolytic shaping.
  • the supporting blocks 54 and 56 are made of stainless.
  • nonconductive plates 100 and 102 may be made of a suitable glass laminate, epoxy resin, or the like, and are secured to the supporting blocks 54 and 56 by screws or the like (not shown). If the screws are made of conductive material they are countersunk in the plates 100 and 102 and covered with a nonconductive material to prevent any electric conduction between the blocks 54 and 56 and the workpiece W.
  • the supporting block 58 is made of stainless steel or the like, but has a vertically extending nonconductive plate 104 attached thereto in the same manner the plates 100 and 102 are attached to the blocks 54 and 56.
  • the workpiece W when it is secured in position by the clamping means 50, abuts the plate 104.
  • the supporting blocks 54, 56, and 58 do not become anodic during the electrolytic shaping operation.
  • the electrical contact means 52 comprises a block 106 made of nonconducting material, such as glass laminate, epoxy resin, or the like.
  • the block 106 is mounted upon a stainless steel block 108 and secured to the fixture frame 66 by means of screws or the like (not shown).
  • a handle 110 is pivotally mounted on the block 106 by a bolt 112.
  • the handle 110 has an angularly extending arm 114 to which one end of an exposed copper braid conductor 116 is attached by a screw 1 17 or the like.
  • the other end of the conductor -116 is attached to a positive line 118 from the power supply 40 by a bolt threaded into the block 106.
  • the handle 110 When the workpiece W has been clamped into position on the supporting blocks 54 and 56, the handle 110 is pivoted in the counterclockwise direction (FIG. 3) to to bring the copper braid connector 116 into forced engagement with the flange 18 of the workpiece W.
  • the arm 114 of the handle 110 presses the conductor 116 against the flange 18, a portion of the conductor 116 being positioned between the flange 18 and the arm 114 as seen in FIG. -3. In this manner the workpiece W is connected to the positive side of the power supply 40 and made anodic with respect to the electrode 32.
  • the handle 110 has an integral arcuate finger 120 with an arcuate slot 122 therein. Extending through the slot 12-2 is a bolt 124 threaded into the block 106. When the handle 110 has been rotated in a counterclockwise direction (FIG. 3) to the point that the copper braid conductor 116' is in firm electrical contact with the workpiece W, the bolt 124 is turned to lock the handle 110 in this position.
  • the electrolyte supply feeder and the electrode guide means 60 comprises a base section 132 and a top section 134. Both the base section 132 and the top section 134 are made of nonconducting material, such as glass laminate, epoxy resin, or the like.
  • the top section 134 of the electrolyte supply feeder and electrode guide means 60 is secured to the bottom section 132 by screws or the like 152.
  • the base section 132 has an electrolyte reservoir 136 therein through which electrolyte is pumped from the hose 44 connected to the electrolyte manifold.
  • the top section 134 and the bottom section 132 have grooves therein which form a passageway 138 receiving the electrode 32.
  • the passageway 138 has the same cross sectional configuration as the electrode 32, which fits snugly, but slidably, therein.
  • the clearance between the surface of the electrode 32 and the wall of the passageway 138 is in the order of a few thousandths of an inch to prevent electrolyte leakage between the electrode 32 and the wall of the passageway 138.
  • the passageway 138 extends through the electrolyte supply feeder and electrode guide means 60, and it exits at the faces 135, 137, and 139.
  • the faces 135 and 137 are disposed at right angles to each other and form a pocket into which the rib 24 of the blade W fits.
  • the flange 18 is a-butted against the face 139.
  • the electrode 32 With the exception of the working tip 140 (FIG. 5) of the electrode 32, its forward end is covered with a layer 142 of insulating nonconductive material, such as epoxy resin or the like.
  • the layer 142 of nonconductive material prevents excessive side cutting of the workpiece W.
  • the electrode 32 has a groove 144 therein which allows electrolyte to be pumped into the passageway 138 from the reservoir chamber 136 via a passageway 146 communicating with the top of the chamber 136. In this manner electrolyte will be pumped around the working tip 140 of the electrode 32, which effects electrolytic cutting of the workpiece W.
  • the electrolyte exits from the electrolyte supply feeder and the electrode guide means 60 through a passage 150 into the work area where it is recovered in a pan (not shown) for reuse.
  • the electrode 32 is shown in FIG. 4 in full lines at the end of the notch cutting operation. Its starting position is indicated by the dot-dash lines.
  • electrolyte is pumped through the reservoir or chamber 136, the passageway 146, the groove 144 in the electrode, and around the tip 140 to fill the work gap.
  • the electrolyte Will fill the space under the sloped surface of the electrode and between the rib 24 and flange 18 of the workpiece W to exit through the passage 150.
  • the electrolyzing current and the power unit to advance the electrode are turned on.
  • the electrode 38 is advanced into the rib 140 at a constant cont-rolled rate, and the work material is electrolytically eroded away ahead of the advancing working tip 140.
  • the apparatus is shut off, the electrode 32 retracted, the workpiece removed and replaced by another for a subsequent operation.
  • the exit passageway may be restricted by a restricting orifice, a valve or the like, as shown in the copending application of Lynn A. Williams, Ser. No. 212,- 916, filed July 27, 196-2, now Patent 3,254,013 and entitled Electrolytic Cavity Sinking ,Apparatus and Method.
  • the entire fixture assembly 12 is placed upon an insulating pad supported on a table 162 and fixedly held in place by clamping means indicated generally by reference numeral 164.
  • the table 162 has a pattern of transversely extending inverted T-slots 166 and longitudinally extending inverted T-slots 168 as seen in FIG.
  • the clamping means 164 cooperate with the slots 166 and 168 to secure the fixture 12 in the desired position.
  • the clamping means 164 comprises an arm 170, a bolt 172, and a not 174.
  • the head of the bolt 172 slidably engages the slot 166 and extends through a hole in the arm 1'70 and is bolted thereto by the nut 174.
  • Blocks 178 of nonconductive insulating material are provided between the arm and the base 66 of the fixture 12 to preclude electrical conduction from the base 66 to the arm 170 and therefore to the table 162. As the table 66 rests upon a plate 160 of nonconducting material, it will be understood that the table 162 may not become anodic with respect to the electrode 32. In this manner electrolytic erosion of the table 162 is precluded.
  • clamping means may be employed to secure the fixture 12 to the work table 162, it being kept in mind that it is necessary to insulate the fixture 12 from the work table 162 to prevent random electrolytic erosion of the work table 162.
  • the table 162 is conventionally adjustable in the vertical and transverse directions to bring the workpiece W into proper position relative to the electrode 32.
  • an electrolytic shaping apparatus for electrolytically shaping an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodible workpiece by a movable electrode
  • the combination comprising, supporting blocks on which the workpiece is positioned, the workpiece being held in position on said supporting blocks by a clamping means, said clamping means including a clamping arm having a resilient pad on one end thereof adapted to engage the workpiece, said clamping arm being controlled by a handle associated therewith to lock said clamping arm in position and thereby hold the workpiece on said supporting blocks, means for holding a positive lead from an electric power supply against the workpiece, said holding means including a pivotal handle means having a copper braid conductor attached thereto and adapted to be pivoted to contact said conductor with the workpiece, said conductor being connected to a positive terminal of said power supply, and means to lock said handle means in place, whereby the conductor is firmly held in contact with the workpiece, whereby the workpiece is anodic with respect to the electrode during electrolytic shaping
  • electrode guide means for the electrode including a passageway
  • an electrolytic shaping apparatus for eleotrolyticah ly shaping an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodible workpiece by a movable electrode
  • the combination comprising, means to support a workpiece, said support means having nonconducting means upon which the workpiece rests during electrolytic shaping, whereby electrical contact between said support means and the workpiece is precluded, clamping means for holding the workpiece in position during electrolytic shaping, said clamping means including first and second vertically extending support members adjustably attached to one another, a clamping arm having a resilient pad on one end thereof movably supported by the uppermost of said support members, said resilient pad being adapted to engage the workpiece, a handle pivotally supported by said last mentioned support member, an arcuate linkage member pivotally attached to said handle and to said clamping arm, whereby upon pivoting said handle said clamping arm moves toward the workpiece to hold it in position or moves away from the workpiece to allow the workpiece to be removed from said support means, means adjacent the workpiece having a second pivotal handle attached thereto
  • said guide means includes a first passageway into which the electrode slidably extends toward the workpiece, a second passageway communicating with said reservoir and said first passageway, and the electrode having a recess therein adapted to allow electrolyte to pass into said first passageway and to the work gap from said second passageway.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US249639A 1963-01-07 1963-01-07 Electrolytic shaping apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3311549A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US249639A US3311549A (en) 1963-01-07 1963-01-07 Electrolytic shaping apparatus
CH1577363A CH400407A (fr) 1963-01-07 1963-12-20 Appareil d'usinage par électro-érosion
FR958249A FR1384234A (fr) 1963-01-07 1963-12-23 Dispositif de fixation de la pièce à usiner dans un appareil d'usinage par électroérosion
GB51069/63A GB1062050A (en) 1963-01-07 1963-12-27 Improvements in or relating to electrolytic shaping

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US249639A US3311549A (en) 1963-01-07 1963-01-07 Electrolytic shaping apparatus

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US3311549A true US3311549A (en) 1967-03-28

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US249639A Expired - Lifetime US3311549A (en) 1963-01-07 1963-01-07 Electrolytic shaping apparatus

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CH (1) CH400407A (fr)
GB (1) GB1062050A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0227224A3 (fr) * 1985-11-27 1988-10-12 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Etrier conducteur pour machine d'usinage électrochimique
US5900134A (en) * 1995-12-06 1999-05-04 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Monteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Method and apparatus for the serial production of parts by electrochemical machining
CN111992825A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-27 西安工业大学 钛合金复杂内螺旋线高效精密电解加工设备及其加工方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118081010B (zh) * 2024-04-10 2024-10-18 杭州丰凡五金机械有限公司 一种模具线切割设备用夹持机构

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375367A (en) * 1942-12-09 1945-05-08 Harold R Johnson Chip breaker
US2751344A (en) * 1949-06-21 1956-06-19 Charles A Kienberger Electropolisher
US2950239A (en) * 1956-03-02 1960-08-23 Anocut Eng Co Control system for electrolytic grinding
US3060114A (en) * 1958-02-06 1962-10-23 William J Barry Apparatus for cutting and machining metals electrochemically
US3095364A (en) * 1959-11-27 1963-06-25 Steel Improvement & Forge Comp Material removal
US3120482A (en) * 1959-11-16 1964-02-04 Anocut Eng Co Apparatus for electrolytic hole sinking
US3196093A (en) * 1960-06-13 1965-07-20 Anocut Eng Co Electrolytic cavity sinking apparatus and method for non-parallel workpiece surfaces

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375367A (en) * 1942-12-09 1945-05-08 Harold R Johnson Chip breaker
US2751344A (en) * 1949-06-21 1956-06-19 Charles A Kienberger Electropolisher
US2950239A (en) * 1956-03-02 1960-08-23 Anocut Eng Co Control system for electrolytic grinding
US3060114A (en) * 1958-02-06 1962-10-23 William J Barry Apparatus for cutting and machining metals electrochemically
US3120482A (en) * 1959-11-16 1964-02-04 Anocut Eng Co Apparatus for electrolytic hole sinking
US3095364A (en) * 1959-11-27 1963-06-25 Steel Improvement & Forge Comp Material removal
US3196093A (en) * 1960-06-13 1965-07-20 Anocut Eng Co Electrolytic cavity sinking apparatus and method for non-parallel workpiece surfaces

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0227224A3 (fr) * 1985-11-27 1988-10-12 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Etrier conducteur pour machine d'usinage électrochimique
US5900134A (en) * 1995-12-06 1999-05-04 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Monteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Method and apparatus for the serial production of parts by electrochemical machining
CN111992825A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-27 西安工业大学 钛合金复杂内螺旋线高效精密电解加工设备及其加工方法
CN111992825B (zh) * 2020-08-31 2024-04-02 西安工业大学 钛合金复杂内螺旋线高效精密电解加工设备及其加工方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB1062050A (en) 1967-03-15
CH400407A (fr) 1965-10-15

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