US3312085A - Photoflash lamp with primer - Google Patents

Photoflash lamp with primer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3312085A
US3312085A US437638A US43763865A US3312085A US 3312085 A US3312085 A US 3312085A US 437638 A US437638 A US 437638A US 43763865 A US43763865 A US 43763865A US 3312085 A US3312085 A US 3312085A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
primer
ignition
current
leads
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US437638A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schilling Werner
Reiber Hans
Gorl Reinhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3312085A publication Critical patent/US3312085A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K5/00—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices
    • F21K5/02—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B17/00—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor
    • B24B17/08—Special adaptations of machines or devices for grinding controlled by patterns, drawings, magnetic tapes or the like; Accessories therefor involving fluid transmission means only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C29/00—Joining metals with the aid of glass

Definitions

  • the ignition means consists of two current in-leads extending into the bulb or envelope and therein connected by a filament proximate to a primer containing easily i gnitable and an oxidizing agent.
  • a voltage source is connected to the filament by way of said in-leads.
  • the current impulse flowing through the filament causes the latter to flash whereby the primer ignites and initiates the combustion in the lamp.
  • a current is obtained by way of a condenser, for instance of 100 to 200 ,uf., charged from a battery rated at about 15-22 volts.
  • the condenser is discharged across the filament.
  • the filament must be very thin to respond to being heated to incandescence by means of the available electric energy. Filaments having diameters of 16.2 mm. to 16.6 m. have proved favorable.
  • the electric resistance must be very low and acceptably amounts to about 0.5 ohm. Mounting of such a small low resistance filament is, however, very difiicult in manufacture. The filament is only about 2 mm. long, and even small changes in length or any changes in the contact resistance from the filament to the current in-leads, will bring about considerable differences from the nominal resistance.
  • this ignition means inclusive of the low voltage of 15 to 22 volts, a very good contact between the lamp base and the flash gun socket is required. This latter requirement makes additional expenditure necessary by the lamp manufacturer, as well as by the socket manufacturer in provision of highly eflicient lamp contacts or contact arrangements with scraping engagement, for instance, nickel contacts.
  • an ignition means has heretofore been developed operating with high tension utilizing in a photofiash lamp two current in-leads with an ignition material applied thereto so that the ignition spark jumps over to the filling gas whereby the ignition material is brought to reaction.
  • a photofiash lamp having a hermetically sealed bulb or envelope filled with finely shredded combustible material and oxygen.
  • Two current in-leads extend into the bulb and carry the ignition mass, characterized by the fact that both of the current in-leads in the lamp are connected through a primer of ignition mass containing finely divided easily combustible metal and dielectric binder, and wherein the primer is in direct contact with the electrical resistance of the primer functioning within the range below 20 volts, amounting to one megohm or more.
  • the ignition means consequently consists only of the two current in-leads with electrically conductive surfaces bridged No filament is provided bridging the current in-leads.
  • electrically conductive surface shall be understood as meaning that there is not provided between current in-lead and ignition mass any insulating coating to be broken down by an ignition spark.
  • a slightly oxidized surface of the filament as it is generally found on most base metals and which causes no considerable voltage drop when the ignition current impulse passes,
  • the ignition voltage applied to the primer is increased from zero continuously by about 10 volts/sec, then ignition is initiated, as an average, at about 70 volts.
  • the average amount of voltage required for ignition of the primer is about 50 volts.
  • the direct voltage applied to the primer is slowly increased in the aforesaid manner prior to effecting the ignition, then there may be observed at 30 to 60 volts a stepwise decrease of the originally high resistance of more than one megohm by more than one order of magnitude. In repeating the experiment, this new low resistance is substantially maintained in decreasing the voltage, thereby exhibiting irreversible increase of conductivity.
  • the primer has varied electrically very much. For the purpose of igniting this primer, a much higher electric ignition energy is required.
  • the structure of the primer consisting of metallic powder and a dielectric binder, and, preferably, also an oxidizing means, constitutes in electrical respect a pile, interlinked longitudinally and transversely, of very small spark gaps or condensers and resistances of different values lying in electrical parallel thereto and in series.
  • the conductive coatings of the condensers are produced substantially by the metallic particles, and the dielectric is produced by the binder and perhaps by the oxide coating of the metallic powder.
  • the above-mentioned initial resistance of the primer amounting to 100 megohms or more is, therefore, the resistance which is measured before the stepwise decrease of the resistance observed in the range of approximately 30 volts occurs. This resistance may be ascertained with greatest safety if voltages below 20 volts are taken for its measurement.
  • the desired conductivity and the required structure of the primer may be obtained by the choice of the binder, by the precentage of the binder to the entire primer, and/ or by means of grain size and grain size distribution of the finely divided metal of the primer.
  • the finely divided metal consists preferably of zirconium powder with grain sizes between 0.5 ,um. and m. whereby grain sizes below 0.5 m. and above 5 m. up to about 20 m. are of rare occurrence.
  • oxidizing agents lead dioxide and potassium perchlorate have proved good, when added to the primer in fine distribution in amount up to 35% by weight.
  • binder polyvinyl alcohol is quite suitable used in amounts of 0.4 to 4% by weight, preferably to 2% by weight, of the ignition mass. However, many other binders with similar dielectric properties may also be used.
  • the composition of the primer corresponds to usual primers for DC. ignition. 1
  • the oxygen carrier or oxidizing agent may also be omitted completely; but then it is necessary that the primer shall be in an oxygen atmosphere when flashingoff so that gaseous oxygen is enclosed in the primer. Also in the presence of a solid oxidation means in the primer mass, the oxygen atmosphere supports the flashing of the primer.
  • the primer voltage impulses of about 100 volts or more are suitable. With voltages of below about 70 volts an absolutely certain ignition cannot be obtained. The energy required for flashing is very low and amounts to about 0.3 mw. sec. (milliwatt seconds).
  • the required voltage impulses are produced in the secondary winding of a sub-miniature transformer in such a manner that a condenser is discharged across the primary winding of this transformer. A charge on the condenser of, say, 30 [.Lf. is applied through a resistance from a battery supplying, for instance, 4.5 volts.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a longitudinal section through a photoflash lamp according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the electrical circuit in a flash gun for flashing the lamp according to the invention.
  • both of the current inleads 4 and 5 are bridged through a primer 6 in contact with the surfaces of both of said in-leacls.
  • the primer 6 is composed of a mechanical mixture of finely divided zirconium powder, of above-described grain size, lead dioxide up to 35% by weight and about 2% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol. Potassium perchlorate may be substituted for or included with the lead dioxide.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol functions as a binder.
  • the binder is dissolved in a sol-- vent, for example, amyl acetate, and the zirconium pow-- der is suspended together with the oxidation compound, namely, the lead dioxide and/ or potassium perchlorate, in that binder solution.
  • a sol-- vent for example, amyl acetate
  • the zirconium pow-- der is suspended together with the oxidation compound, namely, the lead dioxide and/ or potassium perchlorate, in that binder solution.
  • the mixture attains a viscous condition comparable to that of fresh putty.
  • both of the current in-leads 4 and 5 are sealed in flare 3 and then the upper end of the eccentric in-lead 5 is temporarily pressed laterally against the exhaust tube first in-lead 4. Due to the clasticity of the dumet wire constituting said eccentric inlead, the desired distance of about 0.2 mm. of spacing between the in-leads is obtained upon release of the lateral pressure. Thereafter the ignition mass or primer 6 is applied to the current in-leads and by virtue of the vis cosity of said mass it may be caused to adhere to said in-leads and thereby form a bridge of ignition mass across both of the current in-lead ends within the envelope.
  • the ignition mass or primer 6 is dried by evaporation of the solvent.
  • the flare is inserted into and closes the previously open end of the envelope. It is best, before ap plying the Hare in place, to blow compressed air through the tube 4 to make certain that it is clear and not inadvertently stopped-up with any of the ignition mass or primer material.
  • the envelope is filled with the zirconium foil 2 before the stern flare is applied.
  • oxygen is introduced through the exhaust tube 4 which is then sealed-off by pinching or otherwise, and serves thereafter as the current in-lead. Where theexhaust tube is pinched, the seal may be made doubly secure by applying a solder tip 7 thereat.
  • a usual battery-condenser connection as part of an electrical circuit that also includes an impulse trans former and a control switch is used advantageously ac cording to the present invention for the purpose of ignit ing the lamp.
  • a battery 8 charges a condenser 11 through a current-limiting resistance 9 rated, for instance at 5 kilohms, in series with a charging currentbreaking switch 10.
  • the camera contact is indicated by a switch 12, and since the condenser 11 is connected into the line between the camera (switch 12) and control switch 10, when the camera switch 12 is ciosed, condenser 11 discharges across the primary winding 13 of the impulse transformer.
  • the secondary winding 14 of that transformer has many more turns than the primary winding 13, obtaining a free-damped oscillation.
  • a sub-miniature transformer is used, and said transformer is one having a ferrite head core and having a transformation ratio of 1:200 and dimensions of 9.5 x 6 mm.
  • Preferably three turns are used for the primary winding 13 and six hundred turns for the secondary Winding 14.
  • the primary winding consists of copper wire of 0.2 mm. diameter and the secondary Winding is copper wire of 0.05 mm. diameter. All of the elements may easily be located in a synthetic casing the dimensions of which are 40 mm. x 20 mm. x 20 mm.
  • the electric energy required for ignition is unexpectedly low.
  • the battery 8 consists preferably of three monocells in series together providing 4.5 volts, and the condenser is of chosen size with about 30 ,uf. capacity. Energy required by the present invention is only about 0.3 mw. sec. (milliwatt second) in contrast to prior art requirements of 20 to 30 mw. sec. Due to the relatively high voltage involved, one end of the primary winding 13 of the transformer is preferably connected electrically to the corresponding end of the secondary 14 by grounding both or by directly connecting the same, bridge 17 shown indicating the common grounding or connection.
  • control switch is arranged in the flash gun in such a manner that it closes when a lamp is inserted and opens again when the lamp is removed and may be coupled with the lamp ejector. By the resultant interruption of the charging current when the flash device is not in operation, premature discharge of the battery is prevented. SwitchlZ is closed when the camera shutter is opened, as usual with flash devices. Terminals 15 and 16 are indicative of the two contacts to the flash lamp.
  • a photoflash lamp comprising a hermetically sealed envelope filled with finely shredded combustion material and oxygen, two current in-leads the surfaces of both whereof are fully conductive electrically extending into the envelope, and an ignition mass constituting a primer applied to said electrically conductive surfaces of the current in-leads, said primer comprising finely divided easily ignitable metal particles with a dielectric binder, said primer being in direct contact with the electrically conductive surfaces of both of said current in-leads, and the electrical resistance of the primer amounting to at least one megohm under a potential of up to twenty volts, said metal particles being sufliciently close together so that at a potential of 70 volts sparking occurs therebetween and instigates flashing of the lamp.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
US437638A 1964-03-05 1965-03-03 Photoflash lamp with primer Expired - Lifetime US3312085A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP33765A DE1255487B (de) 1964-03-05 1964-03-05 Blitzlampe mit Zuendpille

Publications (1)

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US3312085A true US3312085A (en) 1967-04-04

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US (1) US3312085A (fr)
DE (2) DE1255487B (fr)
FR (1) FR1436655A (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3501254A (en) * 1966-09-30 1970-03-17 Philips Corp Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection
US3752636A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-08-14 Philips Corp Photoflash lamp
US3873261A (en) * 1973-11-16 1975-03-25 Gen Electric Photoflash lamp
US3897196A (en) * 1974-02-21 1975-07-29 Gte Sylvania Inc Photoflash lamp with sealed bead
US4014638A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-03-29 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp with electrostatic protection and method of making photoflash units
US4025285A (en) * 1975-10-28 1977-05-24 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp
US4059388A (en) * 1975-11-05 1977-11-22 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp
FR2444883A1 (fr) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-18 Gte Sylvania Inc Lampe a eclair a haute tension et son procede de fabrication
US4309166A (en) * 1977-12-23 1982-01-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Combustion flashbulb
US4369028A (en) * 1976-11-24 1983-01-18 Gte Products Corporation Photoflash lamp
US4457700A (en) * 1980-07-21 1984-07-03 Gte Products Corporation Electrically-activated photoflash lamp excluding a press-sealed end portion
USH638H (en) 1984-12-31 1989-06-06 Rapid flash lamp

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059389A (en) * 1976-09-07 1977-11-22 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp and method of making same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771765A (en) * 1954-09-01 1956-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photoflash lamp

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT213238B (de) * 1957-02-13 1961-01-25 Gen Electric Durch Funken zündbare photographische Blitzlichtlampe

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771765A (en) * 1954-09-01 1956-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photoflash lamp

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3501254A (en) * 1966-09-30 1970-03-17 Philips Corp Combustion flash lamp which can be arranged in a holder in parallel connection
US3752636A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-08-14 Philips Corp Photoflash lamp
US3873261A (en) * 1973-11-16 1975-03-25 Gen Electric Photoflash lamp
US3897196A (en) * 1974-02-21 1975-07-29 Gte Sylvania Inc Photoflash lamp with sealed bead
US4025285A (en) * 1975-10-28 1977-05-24 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp
US4059388A (en) * 1975-11-05 1977-11-22 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp
US4014638A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-03-29 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Photoflash lamp with electrostatic protection and method of making photoflash units
US4369028A (en) * 1976-11-24 1983-01-18 Gte Products Corporation Photoflash lamp
US4309166A (en) * 1977-12-23 1982-01-05 U.S. Philips Corporation Combustion flashbulb
FR2444883A1 (fr) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-18 Gte Sylvania Inc Lampe a eclair a haute tension et son procede de fabrication
US4270897A (en) * 1978-12-21 1981-06-02 Gte Products Corporation Photoflash lamp construction and method of making same
US4457700A (en) * 1980-07-21 1984-07-03 Gte Products Corporation Electrically-activated photoflash lamp excluding a press-sealed end portion
USH638H (en) 1984-12-31 1989-06-06 Rapid flash lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1284844B (de) 1968-12-05
FR1436655A (fr) 1966-04-29
DE1255487B (de) 1967-11-30

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