US3312447A - Boundary wall structure for exhaust steam chamber - Google Patents

Boundary wall structure for exhaust steam chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
US3312447A
US3312447A US394683A US39468364A US3312447A US 3312447 A US3312447 A US 3312447A US 394683 A US394683 A US 394683A US 39468364 A US39468364 A US 39468364A US 3312447 A US3312447 A US 3312447A
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United States
Prior art keywords
foundation
steam
chamber
exhaust
exhaust steam
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US394683A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bellati Hans
Rutti Willi
Meylan Pierre
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
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Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines

Definitions

  • Low-pressure exhaust chambers are made, if at all possible, of grey iron. With increasing powers for the turbine group, these chambers have assumed increasingly greater dimensions, so that it is no longer economically possible to make them from grey iron. They are therefore fabricated from sheet metal plates which are welded together.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of past constructions for these exhaust chambers and resides in the novel concept of utilizing the supporting foundation of the turbine itself to provide the exhaust chamber, the chamber being constituted by a break-through i.e. an opening through the foundation which connects with the exhaust steam passage from the turbine and which is lined in a suitable manner to serve as the boundary walls of the chamber.
  • FIG. 1a is a half radial section through the exhaust chamber of a low-pressure unit of a steam turbine wherein the boundary wall of the chamber is constituted by a coating applied to the wall of the break-through in a concrete foundation;
  • FIG. 1b is also a half radial section similar to FIG. 1a but showing a somewhat different construction wherein the chamber walls are established by means of an arrangement of sheet steel plates secured in the proper positions by means of bolts set into the foundation;
  • FIG. 2 is a view drawn to an enlarged scale showing the details of construction of an embodiment utilizing sheet steel plates for the boundary walls of the exhaust chamber;
  • FIG. 3a is a half radial section through the exhaust chamber of the low-pressure unit of a steam turbine using sheet steel plates as the boundary walls and which further includes a condenser of the water tube type;
  • FIG. 3b is also a half radial section similar to FIG. 3a
  • the lowpressure unit of the steam turbine is indicated at 1, and this is covered by a housing part 2.
  • Steam enters the turbine at 3, is expanded and delivers power to shaft 4 which is journ-alled in the main frame 5 of the machine.
  • Frame 5 is supported on a concrete foundation 6.
  • the exhaust steam flows through a break-through 8 provided in the foundation and thence through pipe 9 to the condenser unit below the same.
  • the condenser has been omitted.
  • the break-through 8 in the foundation serves as the exhaust chamber for the steam and the boundary walls of such chamber are established by a coating 10 applied to the concrete, the coating being, for example, a plastic material which is sprayed on or glued on, or applied in any other known manner so as to establish a steam-tight lining.
  • the coating material 10 should preferably be elastic, abrasion-resistant and of low thermal conductivity The elasticity characteristic is necessary so that the steam-tightness is preserved even though the foundation becomes deformed or develops cracks at the break-through.
  • the coating should also be abrasion-resistant so as to be able to withstand erosion which might otherwise take place by virtue of the passing water droplets.
  • the low thermal conductivity serves to prevent unnecessary heating of the underlying machine foundation.
  • the coating 10 can-be used both with concrete and also with steel foundations.
  • the steam-tight lining for the break-through 8 of the foundation is established by a lining sheet 11 of metal.
  • the foundation 7 is seen to be of steel construction, and the liner sheets 11 are secured in place and anchored to the foundation by means of set bolts 12 secured to box girders 13 of the steel foundation.
  • the liner sheets 11 are preferably not applied directly against the steel foundation, whether the latter be concrete or steel, but rather a certain distance is observed so that a gap 14 is established therebetween which is usually filled with air. This gap prevents direct heat transmission by conduction from the hot sheet to the underlying foundation. If an air gap cannot be provided-because of manufacturing reasons, gap 14 is preferably filled with a material having a low thermal conductivity coefficient. Such material should also be elastic in order to be able to yield to thermal expansions of the liner sheets 11, or to deformations of the foundation. However, the filler material in the gap must also be porous for reasons to be explained later.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates at a somewhat enlarged scale one suitable manner in which the sheet steel liner serving as walls of the exhaust chamber may be secured in place at the breakthrough in a foundation made of concrete.
  • the set bolts 12 are so anchored in the concrete foundation 6 that a considerable portion of the shanks of these boltsin the direction towards the sheet steel 11is not embedded in the concrete.
  • These non-embedded portions of the set bolts 12 have a length considerably longer than the Width of the gap 14, and the spaces between the concrete and the non-embedded shank portions of bolts 12 are then filled with a packing material 15 which permits elastic deformations of the bolts 12 over those portions of their total lengths which are represented by the nonembedded length portions.
  • the head 16 of one such bolt 12 is secured to the liner sheet 11, for example, by weldmg.
  • Gap 14 is normally operated at ambient pressure, which thus also acts on one side of the liner sheet 11;
  • the other side of sheet 11 is subjected to action of the steam pressure, which is below ambient pressure with the condenser connected in series. If the exhaust steam is used further, it is occasionally also above ambient pressure.
  • the forces resulting from the pressure differences which obtain at opposite sides of the liner sheeting 11 are transmitted by the set bolts 12 to the machine foundation .6.
  • the lower pressure prevails in the interior I7, and the bolts are stressed for tension in this case.
  • Thermal expansions in the liner sheeting 11 can produce forces which stress the bolts 12 for bending.
  • the non-embedded shank portions of the bolts which can also be provided in a steel foundation, has an advantageous effect.
  • Anchoring of set bolts in a steel foundation presents no particular problems.
  • the set bolts are arranged in their proper positions, surrounded with the packing 15, then the foundation is poured and the liner sheeting 11 applied.
  • the liner sheeting 11 has additional advantages; it can serve in the production of the foundation by functioning as a form for the concrete.
  • the entire metal sheeting 11 construction is set up on the site, set bolts are brought into proper positions and the sheeting covered on the outside with an elastic insulating material whose thickness corresponds to the desired width of gap 14. This latter material is compressed slightly during pouring of the concrete foundation, but it retains approximately its original state during drying when the concrete shrinks.
  • the set bolts can be provided with heads, as illustrated in the upper part of FIG. 2.
  • the lining sheet is joined tightly with the adjoining steam carrying parts, i.e. it is welded or screwed into place.
  • This sealing is very important, particularly in condensation plants, in order to preventany access of air.
  • a check for tightness is therefore indispensable before the plant is put into operation.
  • elastic inserts 22 are arranged at suitable locations, which seal the gap 14 against the surrounding atmosphere. Air, a halogen gas, or water are fed under pressure through at least one connecting pipe 23 which passes through sheeting 11 into gap 14 to check the tightness of the plant. This can also be done if the gap is filled with insulating material, but the latter must be porous, as mentioned above, to permit the impressed fluid medium to flow through.
  • any machine foundation which surrounds a steam carrying chamber that is operated at an under-pressure or at a slight over-pressure can be constructed to provide an exhaust chamber with boundary walls in the above described manner.
  • the foundation breakthrough or opening for the discharge of the exhaust steam is used for the exhaust chamber, but the condenser which is directly associated with the foundation break-through in accordance with the constructions shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b can also be used.
  • Both of the latter figures show a lining, or boundary wall in the form of metallic sheeting 11 but this could just as well be a steam-tight coating similar to the coating 1% seen in FIG. la.
  • the water chamber 24 bears with the cooling tubes 25 of a surface condenser 26 on foundation 27, which at the same time forms the widened shell and adjoins immediately the foundation break-through 8.
  • the boundary wall is constructed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3b employs a mixer type condenser 28 characterized by the water spray tubes 29.
  • the construction of the foundation for the turbine in such a manner that a lined opening through the foundation serves as an exhaust steam chamber results in considerable savings in both weight and costs.
  • the metallic sheet type liner can be substantially thinner than was possible in the conventional self-supporting construction for the lower part of the turbine casing.
  • the sheet type liner need not be ribbed since stresses caused by difference in pressure are taken over by the set bolts and transmitted to the machine foundation. No transport of over-sized machine parts is necessary since everything can be assembled at the job site. If the condenser is also included in the above described construction of the boundary walls for the exhaust steam chamber established within the foundation, there is an additional gain in the necessary basement height and heavy housing becomes unnecessary.
  • a steam turbine machine is installed on a foundation and includes a low-pressure steam turbine unit
  • said foundation includes an opening extending downwardly therethrough connected to receive the exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine, said opening being provided with a steam tight lining and which serves as the boundary walls of an exhaust steam chamber, said lining being constituted by an elastic plastic material applied to the wall surface which defines said opening and which is vapour-proof, abrasion-resistant and has a low thermal conductivity characteristic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US394683A 1964-05-08 1964-09-08 Boundary wall structure for exhaust steam chamber Expired - Lifetime US3312447A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH605764A CH414680A (de) 1964-05-08 1964-05-08 Begrenzungswand für Abdampfräume von Dampfturbinen

Publications (1)

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US3312447A true US3312447A (en) 1967-04-04

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US394683A Expired - Lifetime US3312447A (en) 1964-05-08 1964-09-08 Boundary wall structure for exhaust steam chamber

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US (1) US3312447A (de)
AT (1) AT252961B (de)
BE (1) BE663517A (de)
CH (1) CH414680A (de)
DK (1) DK124834B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640639A (en) * 1968-10-11 1972-02-08 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Unit construction for turbine housing bottoms
US4189926A (en) * 1978-06-15 1980-02-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine-condenser support system
FR2697052A1 (fr) * 1992-10-21 1994-04-22 Alsthom Gec Enveloppe en béton d'un condenseur pour module basse pression à structure indépendante.
US5941073A (en) * 1997-04-22 1999-08-24 Schedler; Johannes Method for adsorptive waste gas cleaning

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB584099A (en) * 1943-12-11 1947-01-07 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to foundations for elastic fluid turbines

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB584099A (en) * 1943-12-11 1947-01-07 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements relating to foundations for elastic fluid turbines

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640639A (en) * 1968-10-11 1972-02-08 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Unit construction for turbine housing bottoms
US4189926A (en) * 1978-06-15 1980-02-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine-condenser support system
FR2697052A1 (fr) * 1992-10-21 1994-04-22 Alsthom Gec Enveloppe en béton d'un condenseur pour module basse pression à structure indépendante.
EP0594498A1 (de) * 1992-10-21 1994-04-27 Gec Alsthom Electromecanique Sa Hülle aus Beton für Kondensator eines Niederdruckmoduls mit unabhängiger Tragstruktur
US5495714A (en) * 1992-10-21 1996-03-05 Gec Alsthom Electromecanique Sa Condenser envelope made of concrete for a structurally independent low pressure module
US5941073A (en) * 1997-04-22 1999-08-24 Schedler; Johannes Method for adsorptive waste gas cleaning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT252961B (de) 1967-03-10
BE663517A (de) 1965-09-01
DK124834B (da) 1972-11-27
CH414680A (de) 1966-06-15

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