US3314069A - Wide band direction finder antenna - Google Patents

Wide band direction finder antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3314069A
US3314069A US365434A US36543464A US3314069A US 3314069 A US3314069 A US 3314069A US 365434 A US365434 A US 365434A US 36543464 A US36543464 A US 36543464A US 3314069 A US3314069 A US 3314069A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
phase
array
antennas
direction finder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US365434A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dubost Gerard
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR933896A external-priority patent/FR1366040A/fr
Application filed by CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA filed Critical CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to broad-band direction finder systems, comprising two identical directional antennas or arrays of generally regularly spaced antennas.
  • the two radiation patterns have to be symmetrically inclined with respect to the bisector plane normal to the line joining the respective radiation centers.
  • the radiation patterns are inclined by an angle, which is constant whatever the operating frequency.
  • the invention provides a circuit for dividing the energy fed to each array between the antenna elements building up this array with such relative phase shifts between the antenna elements that the ratio of the gain, in the direction defined by the system to the maximum gain of one array, remains constant within a wide band of frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 shows, very diagrammatically, a direction finder system according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the gain variations of a conventional direction finder antenna system for two different frequencies
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the phase shift between two antennas of an antenna system according to the invention as a function of the operating frequency for a uniform distribution of the applied energy between the elements of the array.
  • FIG. 5 shows one array of the antennas of. a system according to the invention
  • I FIG. 6 shows an array according to the invention comprising n antenna elements.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 comprises two directive identical antenna arrangements A and A of identical antenna elements a a and a' a' Line p is the trace on FIG. 1 of the plane with respect to which the two arrangements are symmetrical.
  • the antenna elements a and a or a' and a are paced by d.
  • the antenna elements of arrangement A are connected to -a coupling circuit 5 and the antenna elements of arrangement A are connected to a coupling circuit 5.
  • the arrangements A and A are directive and their radiation patterns form an angle a.
  • the coupling circuits 5 and 5 are respectively connected to the two inputs of a goniometric re DC.
  • the gain G of the two antenna arrangements has been plotted along the ordinates vs. the angle of the direction of the incoming signal, for a given inclination angle at of the radiation patterns and for a given frequency.
  • the gain in that direction is g
  • FIG. 3 the same plots were made for another frequency f, all other things being equal.
  • the gain of the antenna system in a given direction and accordingly the precision, vary to a substantial degree.
  • the amount of energy P received in the direction defined by the intersection of the two diagrams as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and accordingly the gain, other things being equal varies substantially as the product (p, f, g0 being the relative phase shift between the antenna elements of an array and f the frequency and it being assumed that each antenna receives the same energy amount. If (p is made proportional to 1, gain G varies as f i.e. highly variable with frequency.
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement according to the invention in the same case, the array comprising two antenna elements.
  • Antenna a feeds the input and antenna a feeds the 0 input of a 90 directional coupler 1 through a phase shifting network 2.
  • Coupler 1 The output of coupler 1 is connected to receiver 3.
  • a suitable load impedance 4 is connected to coupler 1.
  • Network 2 can be of the low pass or high pass type depending on the purpose the aerial system serve-s.
  • Coupler 1 may be of any type, provided it insures between the inputs and the outputs a 90. phase-shift of one of the signals relatively to the other.
  • antennas A and A may each comprise two elementary antennas covering about one octave between 2.3 to 4.3 gc./s., with a cos 0 radiation pattern, the antennas being spaced by 59 mm., the phase shift between the elementary antennas passing from 93 to 53? in absolute value as the frequency varies fro-m 2.3 to 4.3 gc./s. and the maximum gain variation in the defined direction being :0.5 db, with a gain of about 2 db below the maximum.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention which makes it possible to vary the phase-shift between any two adjacent antenna elements of the array according to the power amounts respectively radiated by the same.
  • the arrangement is assumed to be a receiver arrangement.
  • the diagram would be the same with an emitter arrangement except that the direction of the arrows has to be reversed and transmitters have to be substituted for the receivers.
  • FIG. 6 shows an array of n antennas A1 to An.
  • the array feeds the input of a goniometric receiver R.
  • the circuit comprises n1 arrangements, each of them comprising in series a phase-shifting network Pi, with i equal to 1 to 11-1, coupled to the first input of a directional coupler Ci.
  • the n-l arrangements are connected in series in such a manner that a first output of each coupler is coupled to the input of the adjacent network Pi.
  • the output of network Pi is coupled to the first input of coupler Ci, and the first output of coupler Ci except for coupler C1, is connected to the input of network Pi1.
  • the first input of coupler C1 is connected to receiver R.
  • Antenna elements A1 to A 1 are respectively connected to the second input of couplers Ci through a suitable transmission line Li while antenna An is directly coupled to network Pn-l.
  • the second outputs of couplers Ci are grounded through respective matched loads ri.
  • the transmission lines Li connect the elementary antennas Ai to couplers Pi.
  • the following characteristic values were used in an arrangement according to the invention including two arrays of three antennas.
  • Phase-shifting network P1 introduces a phase-shift varying from $+31 at h, to -31 at f phase-shift network P2 introduces a phase-shifting varying from +7 at f to 7 at f C1: 4.8 db coupler C2: 3 db coupler L1 and L2: conventional connection transmission lines.
  • antennas A1 or A3 radiate the same energy amount, equal to half the power radiated by antenna A2 and the relative phase shifts between the antennas are maintained constant and equal to 60 between antennas A3 and A2 and -60 between antennas A1 and A2.
  • the variations of the phase-shifts introduced by networks P1 and P2 thus compensate the variations due to the transmission lines and the couplers.
  • the gain in the defined direction was maintained 3 db below the maximum gain.
  • a wide-frequency band direction finder system comprising a first and a second directive array of elementary antennas, said arrays having identical radiation patterns with the same maximum gains and defining a given direction, and means for maintaining constant, within a given band of operating frequencies, the ratio of the respective gains of said arrays in said direction to said maximum ain.
  • a wide-frequency band direction finder system comprising a first and a second directive array of elementary antennas and phase shifting means providing a phase shift between adjacent elementary antennas, whose absolute value decreases as the operating frequency increases.
  • a wide-frequency band direction finder system comprising a first and a second directive array of elementary antennas and means for coupling adjacent antennas to each other, said means comprising in series a directional coupler having at least a first, a second and a third terminal, the energy amount at said third terminal being equal to the sum of the energy at said first and second terminals with a relative phase-shift of therehetween, and a phase-shifter whose phase-shift is frequency responsive, said adjacent antennas being coupled to said phase-shifter and to one of said first and second terminals respectively.
  • a wide frequency band direction finder system comprising: a first and a second directive array each of them comprising a first and a second antenna, a goniometric receiver, and a first and a second circuit for respectively coupling said receiver to said first and second arrays, each of said circuits comprising: a junction having a first in- .put, a second input coupled to the first antenna and an output coupled to said receiver, means for coupling said second antenna to said first input, said means comprising a phase shifting network, whose phase shift characteristic is, in absolute value, a decreasing function of the operating frequency.
  • a wide frequency band direction finder system comprising: a first and a second directive array, each of them comprising a first and a second antenna, a transmitter, and a first and a second circuit for coupling said transmitter respectively to said first and second arrays, each of said circuits comprising: a junction, having an input coupled to said transmitter, a load, a first output corresponding to said input, a second output coupled to said first antenna, and means for coupling said first output to said second antenna, said means comprising a phase shifting network, Whose phase shift characteristic is in absolute value a decreasing function of the operating frequency.
  • a wide frequency band direction finder system comprising a first and a second directive identical array of n adjacent elementary antennas, where n is an integer greater than one, and a first and a second circuit for respectively feeding said first and second arrays, each of said circuits comprising: n1 90 couplers having respective first inputs, respective second inputs, respective first outputs and respective second outputs; n1 respective transmission lines for respectively coupling the n-l first antennas of the array to said second inputs of said couplers, n 1 matched loads for respectively grounding said second outputs of said couplers, n1 phase-shifting network having respective inputs and respective outputs respectively coupled to said first inputs of said couplers, means for cascade coupling said phase shifting networks and said couplers by their respective inputs and outputs having the same number and means for coupling the nth antenna to said input of said n-lst network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US365434A 1963-05-07 1964-05-06 Wide band direction finder antenna Expired - Lifetime US3314069A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR933896A FR1366040A (fr) 1963-05-07 1963-05-07 Aérien de goniométrie à large bande
FR972593A FR85806E (fr) 1963-05-07 1964-04-28 Aérien de goniométrie à large bande

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3314069A true US3314069A (en) 1967-04-11

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Family Applications (1)

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US365434A Expired - Lifetime US3314069A (en) 1963-05-07 1964-05-06 Wide band direction finder antenna

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3314069A (fr)
DE (1) DE1266364B (fr)
FR (1) FR85806E (fr)
GB (1) GB1022998A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375524A (en) * 1963-10-10 1968-03-26 Siemens Ag Antenna distributor circuit for four dipoles with adjacent dipoles in phase quadrature
EP0647358A4 (fr) * 1992-06-26 1995-08-02 Avco Corp Systeme de distribution d'energie electromagnetique.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2191895A (en) * 1986-06-21 1987-12-23 Gen Electric Co Plc Antenna

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3134977A (en) * 1960-10-06 1964-05-26 Nippon Electric Co Wave source position detecting system
US3238527A (en) * 1962-11-28 1966-03-01 Gottfried F Vogt Steerable antenna array

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3134977A (en) * 1960-10-06 1964-05-26 Nippon Electric Co Wave source position detecting system
US3238527A (en) * 1962-11-28 1966-03-01 Gottfried F Vogt Steerable antenna array

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375524A (en) * 1963-10-10 1968-03-26 Siemens Ag Antenna distributor circuit for four dipoles with adjacent dipoles in phase quadrature
EP0647358A4 (fr) * 1992-06-26 1995-08-02 Avco Corp Systeme de distribution d'energie electromagnetique.
JP3467038B2 (ja) 1992-06-26 2003-11-17 テクストロン システムズ コーポレーション 電磁力分配システム

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1266364B (de) 1968-04-18
GB1022998A (en) 1966-03-16
FR85806E (fr) 1965-10-22

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