US3316705A - Production of artificial yarns - Google Patents

Production of artificial yarns Download PDF

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Publication number
US3316705A
US3316705A US554209A US55420966A US3316705A US 3316705 A US3316705 A US 3316705A US 554209 A US554209 A US 554209A US 55420966 A US55420966 A US 55420966A US 3316705 A US3316705 A US 3316705A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
package
partially
contractability
false twist
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Expired - Lifetime
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US554209A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nava Mario
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Ernest Scragg and Sons Ltd
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Ernest Scragg and Sons Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing bulked thermoplastic ya-rn.
  • One of the Objects of the present invention is to avoid the above drawbacks by providing with the process and apparatus of the invention a yarn which while almost as highly bulked as a fully twist crimped yarn, nevertheless is contractile to an extent substantially less than 50%, and in actual practice the yarn is found to be contractile to an extent of only -20%.
  • Another'object of the present invention is to provide a process and apparatus according to which this yarn can be produced in a rapid inexpensive manner from any thermoplastic yarn, even such thermoplastic yarns as in the past have been ditficult to work with.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which can be very easily regulated so as to be adapted to the treatment of any thermoplastic yarn.
  • the object of the invention also includes an apparatus which includes an extremely simple and eflicient structure for applying heat to the yarn.
  • the invention includes in a process for producing a yarn which is almost as highly bulked as a fully twist crimped yarn and which is contractile to the extent of less than 50%, the steps of false twist crimping a thermoplastic yarn while partially setting the same by applying a relatively low temperature thereto and while allowing the yarn to contract by approximately 3% during the twisting thereof.
  • the yarn which is treated in this manner is delivered at a predetermined delivery speed to a take-up package, and the yarn is collected on the package while still under tension but at a speed substantially less than the delivery speed so that a soft package is provided.
  • This soft package is then introduced into an evacuated atmosphere, and thereafter the soft package is subjected to the influence of a setting fluid.
  • this soft package is steamed for a period of approximately one-half hour at a pressure of 23 atmospheres.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an apparatus in accordance with the invention shown in FIG. 1 treating a yarn according to the process of the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates diagrammatically the manner in which the soft yarn package of the invention is enveloped in a cheese cloth covering prior to introduction into an autocalve.
  • the yarn which is treated with the ethylene glycol, and the yarn is of continuous multifilament type.
  • thermoplastic yarn is drawn upwardly from the supply package 10, which is supported in a conventional as pointed out above, by a feed roll means which includes a lower driven roll 12 and an upper rubbercovered roll 13 which simply rests with its own weight illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the roll 13 is supported for turning movement by a shaft 14 extending between and fixedly carried by a pair of arms 15 which are parallel to each other and one of which is shown in the drawing.
  • These arms 15 are pivotally supported by a bracket 16 carried by the stationary framework 17 diagrammatically illustrated in the drawing.
  • the arms 15 extend beyond the shaft 14 and are interconnected at their ends distant from the brackets 16 by a spacer bar 18 fixed to the arms 15 and formed with a plurality of notches so that the yarn 11 may be wound a desired number of times around the roll 13 with each loop of the yarn passing around the space bar 18 and the several loops respectively located in the notches of this bar so that the several loops cannot become fouled, and the yarn which passes into the nip between the rolls 12 and 13 and then is wound a desired number of times around the roll 13 in the manner described above passes upwardly to the false twist means 20 which is in the form of any conventional false twist spindle driven in a purely conventional manner.
  • the yarn is received above the false twist means 20 by a forwarding roll means 21 whose construction is identical with the feed roll means described below, and in the same way the yarn is wound, after passing to the nip between the rolls of the forwarding roll means 21, a desired number of times around the upper rubber-covered roll 50 as to provide a desired number of loops which are prevented from fouling by a spacer bar in the manner described above.
  • the forwarding rolls forward the yarn onto a take-up package in a manner described below.
  • the tension in the yarn during the false twist crimping thereof is regulated by providing a speed of the yarn at the forwarding roll means 21 which has a predetermined ratio with respect to the speed given to the yarn by the feed roll means. It is preferred to control this tension in such a way that the yarn is allowed to contract by approximately 3% during the twisting thereof, the permitted contraction being determined by the kind of yarn employed.
  • the twist is partially set in the yarn by applying a relatively low temperature thereto, and this is brought about by a heating means 22 which includes a curved heating surface 23.
  • This curved heating surface 23 has been found to be of considerable advantage since it very uniformly heats the yarn as it moves rapidly past the curved heating surface 23.
  • the surface 23 is heated by a heating coil 24, and it has been found in practice that the relatively low temperature applied to the yarn by the heating means 22 need not be maintained precisely. In other words, it has been found that the temperature may vary considerably without producing any detrimental results in the final product. However, it is essential to provide a relatively low temperature on the order of approximately 50 less than the melting temperature of the yarn. For example, the temperature applied to the yarn by the heating means 22 may be 60 less than the melting temperature of the yarn.
  • the temperature can be controlled by connecting the heating coil 24 to the secondary winding of a step transformer 25 having a series of taps any one of which may be selectively used for regulating the temperature of the heating means 22.
  • the secondary winding 25 cooperates with a primary winding 26 supplied with current from the mains.
  • the yarn which is delivered by the delivery or forwarding roll means 21 is received by a package-forming means 30 including a lower driven roll 31.
  • the package 32 rests on the driven roll 31 and the yarn is collected onto the package 32 whose diameter increases during collecting of the yarn.
  • the yarn is distributed along the take-up package 32 by a conventional traverse mechanism 33.
  • the yarn of the take-up package 32 is wound onto a tubular core capable of moving vertically, this core being guided by the vertical guides 35 of the framework diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the speed of the yarn at the take-up package 32 is substantially less than the speed of the yarn at the delivery or forwarding roll means 21 but is not so much less that there is no tension in the yarn reaching the take-up package.
  • the speed of the yarn at the take-up package, controlled by the speed of rotation of the roll 31, is on the order of 30% less than the speed of the yarn at the forwarding or delivery roll means 21 so that the package 32 is quite soft. It is preferred to control the yarn by the degree of overfeed rather than by any tensioning device. In other words, while the yarn is under tension when reaching the take-up package, the tension is not of a very high order which would make it feasible to control the speed of movement of the yarn to the take-up package by a suitable tensioning device.
  • This soft package is removed from the framework 35 and is introduced into an autoclave 36. After evacuation, the autoclave is filled with steam so that the soft yarn package is influenced by this setting fluid, and the steam is applied at a pressure of 23 atmospheres for a period of half an hour. Thereafter, the yarn remains in an atmosphere of at least 50% humidity at room temperature for a period of twenty-four hours.
  • a length of cheesecloth 37 (FIG. 2) which may be made of approximately rectangular configuration is inserted through the hollow center of the soft yarn package, and then the ends of the cheese cloth are drawn around the package into an overlapping relation, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 2, whereupon a string 38 is tied around the thus-enveloped package, and in this way the soft packages are extremely easy to handle and at the same time the cheese cloth does not in any way detract from the accessibility of the yarn to the setting fluid in the autoclave.
  • a string 38 is tied around the thus-enveloped package
  • the yarn which is produced by the above-described process and apparatus of the invention is almost as highly bulked as a fully twist crimped yarn and at the same time it is contractile to an extent of less than 50%, actually on the order of 10-20%.
  • the yarn which is wound onto the take-up package is still under a substantial tension.
  • the filaments of the yarn when wound onto the take-up package have a partially spiral or undulatory formation, and these filaments remain separate from one another without tending to twist on themselves or pigtail, so that the yarn is set in this latter condition and thus the final yarn has such filaments when the tension on the yarn is relaxed and the yarn is in a stabilized or yarn-set condition, and in addition the yarn is substantially free from torque.
  • the yarn of the invention can immediately be used for knitting or weaving and all of the undesirable further processing required by conventional bulked yarn to give it dimensional stability is completely avoided.
  • the yarn of the invention is substantially nontorque, so that it need not be doubled with an oppositely twisted yarn in order to provide counterbalancing of the torques, and thus the yarn of the invention can be a simple single yarn, so that this feature also represents a great advantage.
  • the partial setting provided by the heating means 22 is rendered partial by the fact that the crimp induced by the false twister is not permanently set in the yarn with the heating means 22.
  • the yarn when influenced only by the heating means 22 is straightened and permitted to contract a few times, it will be found that the yarn will simply lose its crimp after a relatively small number of extensions, whereas if the crimp were permanently set then any number of extensions of the yarn could be carried out without eliminating the crimp-
  • a soft lively yarn was produced when feeding the yarn at a speed of 12-18 meters per minute through the false twister so as to produce a crimp of 55-80 turns per inch.
  • the heating means 22 applied a temperature of -140 C. to the yarn, and in the autoclave the yarn was subnd heating with steam jected for -45 minutes to steam at -30 pounds per square inch pressure.
  • the temperature of the heating means 22 applied to the yarn was as low as 70 C. but never more than 120 C.
  • the feed speed for Terylene may be as high as 80 mete-rs per minute, and in this case the temperature applied by the heating means 22 may be as high as 215 C.
  • the temperature applied to the yarn by the heating means 22 is such that for the particular yarn speed which is used the thermoplastic filaments become sufiiciently hot so as to be rendered plastic, which is to say readily deformable by relatively small forces. This is because according to the process of the invention, the crimp need only be temporarily or partially set by the heating means 22. The actual setting with the process of the invention taking place in the autoclave 36.
  • the first temperature given is always a dry heat, applied to the yarn by drawing it over a curved heated plate.
  • the second or steam temperature is applied to the yarn in the form of a take-up package which is removed from the machine and placed in an autoclave.
  • the steam cycle is as follows:
  • Example I A 150 denier nylon yarn made up of 50 filaments was twisted at the rate of 80,000 turns per minute, inserting in the yarn 60 turns per inch in the S direction. The overfeed into the heated zone was 1% and the overfeed to the take-up package was 20%. The first heating temperature (crimping) was 400 F. while the second heating temperature during treatment of the package in the autoclave by steam (relaxing) was 310 F., and this latter treatment was of 30 minutes duration.
  • Example 11 A 150 denier Terylene yarn made up of 72 filaments was twisted at the rate of 80,000 turns per minute, inserting in the yarn 50 turns per inch in the Z direction. There was no overfeed into the heated zone and the overfeed to the take-up package also was 20%. The first heating temperature (crimping) was 320 F. and the sec- (relaxing) was at a temperature of 275 F. and lasted for 30 minutes.
  • Example III A 250 denier Terylene yarn made up of 48 filaments was twisted at the rate of 80,000 turns per minute, inserting in the yarn 37.5 turns per inch in the Z direction.
  • the first 'heating temperature (crimping) was 380 F. and the second heating with steam (relaxing) was at a temperature F. and lasted for 30 minutes.
  • Example IV A 75 denier Terylene yarn made up of 48 filaments was twisted at the rate of 80,000 turns per minute, inserting in the yarn 75 turns per inch in the Z direction.
  • the overfeed into the heated zone was zero while the overfeed to the take-up package was 22%.
  • the first heating temperature (crimping) was 340 F. while the second heating with steam (relaxing) was at a temperature of 275 F. and lasted for 30 minutes.
  • Example V A 200 denier cellulose diacetate yarn having 70 filaments was twisted at a rate of 40,000 turns per minute
  • the first heating temperature was 300 F.
  • the second heating with steam was at a temperature of 180 F. and lasted for 20 minutes.
  • the second heating is in every case at a lower temperature than that of the first, the severity of the sec-ond heating greater than the first, because of the presence of steam (water vapor). It has been found that the addition of water vapor to a heating cycle produces the effect of the application of a dry temperature approximately C. higher. Thus, in all of the above examples, if 70 C. is added to the steam temperature, it will be found that the resulting equivalent dry temperature of the second heating is in each case at least equal to the temperature of the first d-ry heating. It is also to be noted, as has already been indicated above, that the first temperature in all of the above examples is always considerably lower than that which would be necessary in order to set crimp permaently in the yarn.
  • the setting temperature would be of the order of 480 F. for full crimp set
  • a partial set for relaxed yarn would only require about 350 F. for a first temperature.
  • the steaming temperature is not critical and it is generally on the order of 275 F.
  • the speed difference between the yarn forwarding rollers located above the false twist device and the yarn Winding roller is expressed as a percentage of overfeed, i.e. the yarn take-up roller at peripheral speed is 20% less than the peripheral speed of the forwarding rollers for a 20% overfeed.
  • the forwarding speed of the yarn is determined in accordance with its denier since, asis apparent from the above examples, the rate of insertion of twist is kept as high as possible for all yarns so as to get maximum throughput.
  • the yarn forwarding speed can therefore be obtained by dividing the rpm. by the turns per inch inserted in the yarn.
  • the soft yarn package of the invention is in a condition particularly suitable for pressure dyeing, so that this feature is of particular advantage.
  • a yarn produced according to the invention was compared with a known false twist crimped bulked yarn, and after knitting both of these yarns into a fabric these fabric were compared.
  • the bulked yarn was two fold denier.
  • the fabric made from the yarn according to the present invention weighed 6.9 ounces per square yard while that made conventionally weighed 8.6 ounces per square yard, but at the same time the covering power and bulky feel of the yarn of the invention was identical with that of the conventional yarn.
  • a process for producing a yarn as defined in claim 4, wherein said soft package is introduced into a chamher which is subsequently evacuated and in which then said soft package is subjected to said setting fiuid for completion of setting of said yarn.
  • thermoplastic yarn is of about 60 denier.
  • thermoplastic yarn is a nylon yarn.
  • thermoplastic yarn is formed of a synthetic linear polymeric condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
  • thermoplastic yarn is maintained during falge wist crimping thereof at a temperature of 100- 14 '13;
  • thermoplastic yarn is maintained during false twist crimping thereof at a temperature up to 215 C., and said yarn is subjected to said false twist crimping at a speed of up to meters per minute.
  • thermoplastic yarn is of continuous multifilament type.
  • thermoplastic yarn is in the form of a monofilament.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US554209A 1958-05-13 1966-05-31 Production of artificial yarns Expired - Lifetime US3316705A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB15240/58A GB921583A (en) 1958-05-13 1958-05-13 A process for the manufacture of improved false-twist-crimped bulked filament yarn

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US3316705A true US3316705A (en) 1967-05-02

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US554209A Expired - Lifetime US3316705A (en) 1958-05-13 1966-05-31 Production of artificial yarns
US626230A Expired - Lifetime US3462933A (en) 1958-05-13 1967-03-27 False twist crimping apparatus

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US626230A Expired - Lifetime US3462933A (en) 1958-05-13 1967-03-27 False twist crimping apparatus

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US (2) US3316705A (de)
CH (2) CH413682A (de)
CY (1) CY528A (de)
DE (1) DE1410376B1 (de)
GB (1) GB921583A (de)
MY (1) MY7000069A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422617A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-01-21 Leesona Corp Method for processing textured yarn
US3431716A (en) * 1964-10-16 1969-03-11 American Enka Corp Process for producing a crimped multifilament yarn
US3473317A (en) * 1968-04-11 1969-10-21 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Method for manufacturing crimped acrylonitrile filament yarn
US3522700A (en) * 1968-10-23 1970-08-04 Leesona Corp Method and apparatus for processing yarn
US3525205A (en) * 1964-11-05 1970-08-25 Carlo Degli Antoni Yarn twisting,bulking and winding machine
US3698177A (en) * 1970-02-09 1972-10-17 Heberlein Patent Corp Texturizing yarn, process and product
US3879928A (en) * 1973-11-01 1975-04-29 Perfect Thread Company Inc Process for the manufacture of yarn and the resulting product
US4016715A (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-04-12 Burlington Industries, Inc. High stretch yarn texturing, dyeing and package production
US10247897B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2019-04-02 Commscope Technologies Llc Fiber optic enclosure with internal cable spool

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1285232A (en) * 1970-02-07 1972-08-16 English Sewing Ltd Improvements in the methods of manufacturing yarns
SE392299B (sv) * 1971-08-24 1977-03-21 Du Pont Forfarande och medel for framstellning av garn med dragen och snodd textur
JPS5574953A (en) * 1978-11-27 1980-06-05 Toray Ind Inc Cheese rolling method of temporary twist-processed thread

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421334A (en) * 1944-04-26 1947-05-27 Ind Rayon Corp Method of treating twisted filamentary materials
GB755580A (en) * 1953-08-25 1956-08-22 Celanese Corp Improved process for the production of voluminous yarn
US2869318A (en) * 1954-06-08 1959-01-20 Celanese Corp Voluminous yarn

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE613C (de) * 1877-08-24 F. KNIE in Berlin Thürband, auf Kugel laufend, mit Höhenstellung
DE618050C (de) * 1932-03-11 1935-08-31 Heberlein & Co Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung wolleaehnlicher Kunstseide
DE636284C (de) * 1933-05-25 1936-10-06 Heberlein & Co Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung wolleaehnlicher Kunstseide
GB442073A (en) * 1934-06-30 1936-01-30 British Celanese Improvements in the production of crimped filaments, yarns or fibres
FR884860A (fr) * 1941-12-24 1943-08-30 Cuprum Sa Procédé de fabrication de fibres synthétiques laineuses
DE949078C (de) * 1951-04-05 1956-09-13 Heberlein & Co Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften wollartig gekraeuselter, vollsynthetischer organischer Faeden bzw. Fadenbuendel, insbesondere Polyamidfaeden
FR1054338A (fr) * 1952-01-23 1954-02-09 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de fils frisés
FR63983E (fr) * 1952-01-23 1955-10-14 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de fils frisés
FR1130364A (fr) * 1954-09-01 1957-02-05 Cotonificio Di Lombardia S A I Procédé de bouclage permanent de fils en matières synthétiques et plus particulièrement de fils de polyamides
GB787619A (en) * 1955-03-31 1957-12-11 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Improvements in or relating to the production of crinkled yarns
FR67751E (fr) * 1955-03-31 1958-03-19 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de fils frisés

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421334A (en) * 1944-04-26 1947-05-27 Ind Rayon Corp Method of treating twisted filamentary materials
GB755580A (en) * 1953-08-25 1956-08-22 Celanese Corp Improved process for the production of voluminous yarn
US2869318A (en) * 1954-06-08 1959-01-20 Celanese Corp Voluminous yarn

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3431716A (en) * 1964-10-16 1969-03-11 American Enka Corp Process for producing a crimped multifilament yarn
US3525205A (en) * 1964-11-05 1970-08-25 Carlo Degli Antoni Yarn twisting,bulking and winding machine
US3422617A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-01-21 Leesona Corp Method for processing textured yarn
US3473317A (en) * 1968-04-11 1969-10-21 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Method for manufacturing crimped acrylonitrile filament yarn
US3522700A (en) * 1968-10-23 1970-08-04 Leesona Corp Method and apparatus for processing yarn
US3698177A (en) * 1970-02-09 1972-10-17 Heberlein Patent Corp Texturizing yarn, process and product
US3879928A (en) * 1973-11-01 1975-04-29 Perfect Thread Company Inc Process for the manufacture of yarn and the resulting product
USRE29572E (en) * 1973-11-01 1978-03-14 Perfect Thread Company, Inc. Process for the manufacture of yarn and the resulting product
US4016715A (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-04-12 Burlington Industries, Inc. High stretch yarn texturing, dyeing and package production
US10247897B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2019-04-02 Commscope Technologies Llc Fiber optic enclosure with internal cable spool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB921583A (en) 1963-03-20
MY7000069A (en) 1970-12-31
CH413682A (de) 1966-05-15
CH411217A (de) 1966-04-15
CY528A (en) 1970-02-21
US3462933A (en) 1969-08-26
DE1410376B1 (de) 1974-04-25

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