US3322446A - Method of screw connecting carbon or graphite electrodes - Google Patents

Method of screw connecting carbon or graphite electrodes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3322446A
US3322446A US386318A US38631864A US3322446A US 3322446 A US3322446 A US 3322446A US 386318 A US386318 A US 386318A US 38631864 A US38631864 A US 38631864A US 3322446 A US3322446 A US 3322446A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
graphite
weight
connection
nipple
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US386318A
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English (en)
Inventor
Koziol Konrad
Klier Gregor
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C Conradty Nuernberg GmbH and Co KG
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US3322446A publication Critical patent/US3322446A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/14—Arrangements or methods for connecting successive electrode sections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes
    • C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/10—Details of socket shapes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10S403/05—Carbon electrode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/924—Coupled nut and bolt
    • Y10S411/929—Thread lock
    • Y10S411/93—Flowing metal or settable material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to screw connections between carbon or graphite electrodes.
  • the generally cust-omary way of interconnecting carbon or graphite electrodes by means of screw nipples or studs has the drawback that the connecting sections easily become loosened by vibrations occurring in the furnace.
  • Various electrode connections have become known which intend to prevent the said loosening. Some of these suggestions have gained acceptance in industry inasmuch as they have proved useful. However, these known electrode connections cause other difficulties which varyas to their magnitude, depending on the dimensions of the electrodes, the furnace types, fields of employment, methods of operation, and working conditions.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an electrode connection which will be reliably secured against accidentally becoming loosened.
  • a still further object of this invention consists in the provision of an electrode connection which is simple, safe against faulty handling, and can be produced at low cost.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a screw connection according to the present invention directly after the nipple has been screwed into the electrode, and prior to the employment of heat.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the conditions after the connection has been subjected to heat.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates another embodyment of the invention.
  • the method of making screw connections between carbon and graphite electrodes is characterized primarily in that for purposes of preventing accidental loosening of the connection, blanks, preferably cylindrical pressed bodies, are employed which are composed of from 20 to 95% by weight of a difiiculty fusible, swellable, heat hardenable and cokable resin, preferably phenol-novolak-hexamethylene tetramine resin and from 5 to .by weight of filling material as, for instance graphite, coke, and/or silicon carbide.
  • pressed bodies are pressed into or cemented to bores or recesses of the nipple, stud, or electrodes after said bores have been lined with a thin insulating layer, for instance, of paper.
  • the placing of said blanks may be effected at different points within the range of the electrode connection.
  • the said blanks are placed in bores which radially extend into the thread zone of the nipple.
  • Another preferred place for said :blanks is the end face of the electrode to be connected with the nipple.
  • the blanks may be located in bores parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electrode' During the heating up of the screwed together electrode connection, the blanks become plastic, gradually start swelling, and greatly increase their volume without flowing away, and final'ly, depending on their location, contact the adjacent electrode box wall or the end face of the adjacent electrode and, so-to-speak, throw roots without being'subjected to stresses and soon thereafter, harden and coke in view of further being heated up.
  • each blank is converted into a stable latch which is intimately fused with a portion of the electrode connection while simultaneously firmly engaging the bore of the other part without, however, adhering thereto in view of the insulation or lining in the bore. In the other words, the portion in the bore retains a certain play.
  • An electrode screw. connection with a blank according to the present invention thus automatically secures itself against loosening during the employment of said blank.
  • An electrode connection according to the present invention excels. in an early ruggedness and a very good late ruggedness. The interlock created in this way does not exert an undue pressure upon the interconnected part but acts elastically. The desired thread play of the threaded connection is maintained without change, and the possibility of expansion of the interconnected parts is in no way aifected.
  • An electrode connection in which the blanks are located in the end face of the electrode to be provided with a nipple has the additional advantage that if the screw connection should break, the nipple can be removed from the electrode bores without difficulties, and the non-damaged parts can again be employed without expensive and time-consuming post-working.
  • a blank is form-pressed of a mixture, homogenized in a dry mixer, of from 20 to 95% by weight of a resin, preferably phenol-novolak-hexamethylene tetramine resin which has been ground to a finest grain and a difliculty fusible, swellable, heat hardenable, and cokable, and from to 80% by weight of finest ground fillers as, for instance, graphite, coke, and/ or silicon carbide.
  • a resin preferably phenol-novolak-hexamethylene tetramine resin which has been ground to a finest grain and a difliculty fusible, swellable, heat hardenable, and cokable
  • finest ground fillers as, for instance, graphite, coke, and/ or silicon carbide.
  • the blanks consisting of a homogenized and kneaded mixture of the above composition may be wetted with a dissolving intermediary as, for instance, spirits, and may be finish-formed only in the bores or recesses intended therefor and provided in the nipple stud or the electrodes.
  • a dissolving intermediary as, for instance, spirits
  • gas separating propellents as, for instance, porofor, and plasticizing substances as, for instance, finely ground pitch
  • plasticizing substances as, for instance, finely ground pitch
  • the adhesiveness of the blanks may, if necessary, be increased by coating their free end surfaces with a viscous resin as, for instance, phenol-resol or a layer of pitch.
  • An important advantage of the blanks according to the present invention consists in that they can be stored for many years, even at increased room temperature, without their quality being changed in any way.
  • FIG. 1 shows .the screw connection immediately after the nipple a has been screwed into the electrode box b while the blank c has not yet started to swell, and the insulating layer d still exists.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates how the blank c located in a bore or recess after the connection has been heated up, has greatly increased its volume and, so-to-speak, has thrown roots into the threads of the electrode box b while, due to the coking of the insulating layer and the thus created space e, the blank 0 has a certain play in the bore or recess 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an electrode connection by means of a screw-type nipple a after the initial heating process, whereby the blanks c located in the head surfaces of the electrode b to be joined have already thrown roots in the surface of the lower electrode g, the blanks thereby having a certain play e on account of the gap resulting from the coking of the insulating layer.
  • Example I A mixture, consisting to 50% by weight of a common grade phenol-novolak-hexamethy lene-tetramine resin having a particle size 70;], 30% by weight of silicone carbide, particle size below 45,u, and 20% by weight of graphite powder, particle size below 75 is homogenized for 15 minutes in a dry mixer at room temperature. The dry, compressable powder mix is subsequently fed into a fully automatically tablet machine which produces the finished blanks with the aid of a cold pressing tool. The pressure required for this operation amounts to 1.8 t./cm
  • Example II The basic composition of the powder mix is the same as quoted for example I.
  • the powders are premixed for minutes at room temperature in a strong kneading machine. Subsequently and with the kneading machine running, 15% by weight of methanol are added. The kneading process then lasts for another 15 minutes. The tenacious plastic mass thus obtained is pressed in to the bores respectively recesses of the nipple, stud or electrode provided for the mass.
  • porofor according to column 3 of the description refers to the gas-splitting propellent consisting of benzol-sulfohydrazid.
  • one recess 1 has been provided in the element a, it is also possible to provide more than one recess therein. Furthermore, if desired, one recess 1 may be provided in the element a and another recess 1 may be provided in the element b. Corresponding pressed bodies c will then be inserted into said recesses.
  • a method of making screw connections between carbon electrode elements and also between electrode elements of graphite the steps of: providing at least one of the elements to be screwed together with a recess; inserting into said recess a pressed body adapted not to flow at the temperatures occurring in said electrodes, said body comprising from 20 to 95% by weight of a difiiculty fusible, swellable, heat-hardenable, and cokable resin and also comprising from 5 to by weight of filler substance; securing said inserted body in said recess; and screwing together the electrode elements to be interconnected.
  • a method of making screw connections between carbon electrode elements and also between electrode elements of graphite the steps of: providing at least one of the elements to be screwed together with a recess; inser-ting into said recess a pressed body adapted not to fiow at the temperatures occurring in said electrodes, said body consisting of from 20 to by weight of difficulty fusible, swellable, heat hardenable, and cokable resin and of from 5 to 80% by weight of filler substance selected from the group consisting of graphite, coke, and silicon carbide; screwing together the electrode elements to be interconnected; and subjecting the inserted body to heat to thereby cause the same to swell and to prevent the screwed-together elements from getting loose.
  • a method of making screw connections between carbon electrode elements and also between electrode elements of graphite the steps of: providing at least one of the elements to be screwed together with a recess; covering the inner wall surface of said recess with a thin lining of insulating material; inserting into the thus lined recess a pressed body adapted not to flow at the temperatures occurring in said electrodes, said body consisting of from 20 to 95% by weight of a difficulty fusible, swellable, heat-hardenable, and cokable resin and of from 5 to 80% by weight of filler substance selected from the group consisting of graphite, coke, and silicon carbide; screwing together the electrode element to be interconnected; and subjecting the inserted body to heat to thereby cause the same to swell and prevent the screwedtogether elements from getting loose.
  • a body for securing threadedly interengaging electrode elements against loosening, especially of carbon, and of graphite which comprises from 20 to 95% by weight of a difficulty fusible, swellable, heat-hardenable, and cokable resin and of from 5 to 80% by weight of filler substance selected from the group consisting of graphite, coke, and silicon carbide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
US386318A 1963-08-16 1964-07-30 Method of screw connecting carbon or graphite electrodes Expired - Lifetime US3322446A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEC30708A DE1294578B (de) 1963-08-16 1963-08-16 Verfahren zur Sicherung der Schraubverbindung zwischen Kohle- oder Graphitelektroden und Sicherungsformling zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens

Publications (1)

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US3322446A true US3322446A (en) 1967-05-30

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US (1) US3322446A (de)
AT (1) AT257184B (de)
DE (1) DE1294578B (de)
GB (1) GB1049146A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451696A (en) * 1965-05-05 1969-06-24 United Shoe Machinery Ab Method for sealing joints and the like
US3485282A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-12-23 Hughes Aircraft Co Expandable insert for solid and cellular structures
US3894469A (en) * 1973-01-05 1975-07-15 Nordisk Kartro Ab Fastener
US4711474A (en) * 1986-10-21 1987-12-08 Atlantic Richfield Company Pipe joint seal rings
US4770448A (en) * 1986-09-12 1988-09-13 Landell International Company, Inc. Pipe coupling
EP0575271A1 (de) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-22 Societe Des Electrodes Et Refractaires "Savoie" (Sers) Elektrodenverbindung bei elektrischen Öfen
RU2107413C1 (ru) * 1993-06-17 1998-03-20 СГЛ Карбон С.А. Стыковое соединение электродов дуговой электропечи
US20090123226A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2009-05-14 Viega Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection element for producing a fluid-tight screw connection, and method for the production thereof
CN102820269A (zh) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-12 三垦电气株式会社 半导体装置及其制造方法
US11448042B1 (en) * 2021-09-21 2022-09-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Expandable metal for junction locking and junction sealant applications

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2017943A (en) * 1934-06-20 1935-10-22 New England Mica Co Method of making mica products
US2421105A (en) * 1944-03-15 1947-05-27 Jr Richard F Warren Lock nut
US2836806A (en) * 1955-06-02 1958-05-27 Union Carbide Corp Conductive pad for electrode joint
US2907972A (en) * 1957-08-12 1959-10-06 Carborundum Co Process for producing silicon carbide bodies
US3003975A (en) * 1958-11-26 1961-10-10 Myron A Coler Conductive plastic composition and method of making the same
US3076050A (en) * 1959-05-20 1963-01-29 Strategic Material Corp Electrode structures and processes for utilizing the same
US3081269A (en) * 1961-07-24 1963-03-12 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Foamable composition comprising a novolac resin, a monoalkyl-tri(polyalkoxydialkylsiloxy)-silane, a curing agent, and a blowing agent, and process of making same
US3121129A (en) * 1961-05-08 1964-02-11 United Carr Fastener Corp Method of applying a sealing member to a predetermined part
US3187089A (en) * 1962-06-21 1965-06-01 Union Carbide Corp Carbonized joint between carbon electrodes

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1071249B (de) * 1959-12-17 Fa C Conradty, Nürnberg Verfahren zur Einbringung von selbst erhärtender Kittmasse zur Sicherung der Schraubnippelverbindung bei Kohle- oder Graphitelektroden fur elektrische Lichtbogenofen gegen Lockerung
NL96582C (de) * 1954-10-12 1900-01-01
LU37186A1 (de) * 1958-07-25
DE1816805U (de) * 1959-11-25 1960-08-18 Siemens Planiawerke A G Fuer K Konische schraubnippelverbindung von kohle- oder graphitelektroden.
FR1279818A (fr) * 1960-02-02 1961-12-22 Siemens Planiawerke Ag Procédé d'assemblage au mastic d'un embout fileté et d'une électrode au carbone et électrode conforme à celle ainsi obtenue

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2017943A (en) * 1934-06-20 1935-10-22 New England Mica Co Method of making mica products
US2421105A (en) * 1944-03-15 1947-05-27 Jr Richard F Warren Lock nut
US2836806A (en) * 1955-06-02 1958-05-27 Union Carbide Corp Conductive pad for electrode joint
US2907972A (en) * 1957-08-12 1959-10-06 Carborundum Co Process for producing silicon carbide bodies
US3003975A (en) * 1958-11-26 1961-10-10 Myron A Coler Conductive plastic composition and method of making the same
US3076050A (en) * 1959-05-20 1963-01-29 Strategic Material Corp Electrode structures and processes for utilizing the same
US3121129A (en) * 1961-05-08 1964-02-11 United Carr Fastener Corp Method of applying a sealing member to a predetermined part
US3081269A (en) * 1961-07-24 1963-03-12 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Foamable composition comprising a novolac resin, a monoalkyl-tri(polyalkoxydialkylsiloxy)-silane, a curing agent, and a blowing agent, and process of making same
US3187089A (en) * 1962-06-21 1965-06-01 Union Carbide Corp Carbonized joint between carbon electrodes

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451696A (en) * 1965-05-05 1969-06-24 United Shoe Machinery Ab Method for sealing joints and the like
US3485282A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-12-23 Hughes Aircraft Co Expandable insert for solid and cellular structures
US3894469A (en) * 1973-01-05 1975-07-15 Nordisk Kartro Ab Fastener
US4770448A (en) * 1986-09-12 1988-09-13 Landell International Company, Inc. Pipe coupling
US4711474A (en) * 1986-10-21 1987-12-08 Atlantic Richfield Company Pipe joint seal rings
FR2692748A1 (fr) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-24 Savoie Electrodes Refract Joint de raccordement d'électrodes de four électrique.
EP0575271A1 (de) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-22 Societe Des Electrodes Et Refractaires "Savoie" (Sers) Elektrodenverbindung bei elektrischen Öfen
AU658304B2 (en) * 1992-06-18 1995-04-06 Sgl Carbon S.A. Connecting joint for electric furnace electrodes
US5407290A (en) * 1992-06-18 1995-04-18 Societe Des Electrodes Et Connecting joint for electric furnace electrodes
RU2107413C1 (ru) * 1993-06-17 1998-03-20 СГЛ Карбон С.А. Стыковое соединение электродов дуговой электропечи
US20090123226A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2009-05-14 Viega Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection element for producing a fluid-tight screw connection, and method for the production thereof
US8042841B2 (en) * 2005-07-29 2011-10-25 Viega Gmbh & Co. Kg Connection element for producing a fluid-tight screw connection, and method for the production thereof
CN102820269A (zh) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-12 三垦电气株式会社 半导体装置及其制造方法
CN102820269B (zh) * 2011-06-08 2015-09-09 三垦电气株式会社 半导体装置及其制造方法
US11448042B1 (en) * 2021-09-21 2022-09-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Expandable metal for junction locking and junction sealant applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1049146A (en) 1966-11-23
DE1294578B (de) 1969-05-08
AT257184B (de) 1967-09-25

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