US3323710A - Fan impeller - Google Patents

Fan impeller Download PDF

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Publication number
US3323710A
US3323710A US415284A US41528464A US3323710A US 3323710 A US3323710 A US 3323710A US 415284 A US415284 A US 415284A US 41528464 A US41528464 A US 41528464A US 3323710 A US3323710 A US 3323710A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
axis
hub
root
recess
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US415284A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daly Brian Bowman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Woods of Colchester Ltd
Original Assignee
Woods of Colchester Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woods of Colchester Ltd filed Critical Woods of Colchester Ltd
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Publication of US3323710A publication Critical patent/US3323710A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F04D29/36—Blade mountings adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/287—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps with adjusting means

Definitions

  • An object ofthe invention is to provide a forrn o-f blade root and hub which while providing for adjustment of pitch enables the blades to be securely held and the blades and hub to be made by die casting or die moulding in dies of simple form.
  • the blade roots taper towards the end, the minimum included angle of the root being not less than twice the angle of inclination of the blade root axis to the direction in which a die part used for casting or moulding the corresponding part of the hub would be withdrawn, and the roots are held in corresponding recesses in the impeller hub by screw members arranged axially of the blade roots.
  • the minimum included angle of the blade root is twice the angle of inclination of the root axis to the axis of rotation it ⁇ becomes possible to cast or mould the outer surface of the hub (including ⁇ a central recess if there is one) by means of a single axially withdrawn die part and if the inner face of the hub is also suitably shaped, to cast or mould this face by means of a single axially withdrawn die part so that the whole hub can be cast or moulded in a two part die with no removable cores.
  • the blades can also be made as die-castings or diemouldings in a single-split die and machining of the blades can be entirely dispensed with while no machining of the recesses in the hub is necessary.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section of part of the rst embodiment
  • FIGURE 2 is a view of a smaller part of the second embodiment
  • FIGURE 3 is a view similar to FIGURE 2 of the third embodiment
  • FIGURE 4 is a detail cross section showing the reduction of the mating surfaces of the blade root and hub to three small Zones and,
  • FIGURE 5 is a detail cross section of an alternative to FIGURE 4.
  • the driving shaft is marke-d 11.
  • the die-cast or diemoulded impeller hub 12 has a steel sleeve 13 cast in, which lits on the shaft. r[this relieves the die casting or die moulding of undue stresses when the nut 14 which holds the impeller on the sha-ft, is tightened the hub lbeing of generally concavoconvex form open on the concave surface side (the right hand side in FIGURE 1).
  • impeller blades of which there will be a plurality are all identical, identically mounted and equally distributed round the axis 15 of the shaft, but only part 16 of only one of which is shown in the drawing, are adjustable each about an axis 17.
  • each blade 16 has an integral portion 18 coaxially tapering about the axis 17, which lits in a correspondingly shaped recess 19 in the hub 12, and the blade is held by a nut 21 screwing on to a bolt 22 having a head 23, the head 23 and part of the shank of the bolt being cast or moulded into the blade root.
  • a flat washer 24 spreads the pressure over a dat surface 25 of adequate area inside the hub.
  • the recesses are in the convex surface of the hub and each has an axis directed along the axis of the blade roots so that they are directed generally through the concave surface of the hub towards the axis of the central bore, i.e.
  • the innermost boundary of the recess indicated by the chain line 26, as seen in FIGURE l slopes to the left towards the axis 15, in other words the line 26 and indeed all parts of the sides of the recess taper more steeply 'with regard to the axis 17 than the cone having a semi-angle equal to the angle a of inclination of the axis 17 to the axis 15.
  • the thickness of the material constituting the side of the recess at the innermost boundary does not increase to the right by an angle greater than (bm) and provided the rest of the right hand face of the hub permits i.e. has no radial reentrants in longitudinal section, a part of the die against which the right hand face of the hub is Cast or moulded can be withdrawn from the casting or moulding to the right in the direction of the axis 1.5, again without the need for any loose cores. It would in fact be most unusual for the thickness of the material. constituting the side of the recess at the innermost boundary to increase to the right.
  • the last part of it is of constant thickness and further to the left it increases to blend with the rest of the hub.
  • any usual form of the rest of the hub such as that shown presents no radial reentrants and accordingly the hub can be cast or moulded in a two part die the two part-s closing and opening in the direction of the axis 1 5.
  • each recess 19 through which the bolt 22 passes can be produced in the casting or moulding operation.
  • the recess 19 could terminate in a circular aperture in the plane of the surface 25.
  • a small countersinlr 27' which by suitable choice of the angle can be produced by an appropriate shape of the part of the die 'which defines the right hand face of the hub without the need for any loose cores.
  • this countersink tapers oppositely to the recess 19 and its included angle is not less than 2a.
  • each part 29 over which the blade ends sweeps over the range of adjustment is made in the form of a figure of revolution about the axis 17 as near as may be to the general form of the hub further towards the centre, these parts being blended into the general form of the hub and one another and the blade ends being correspondingly shaped.
  • the hub may be spherical about a centre at the point of intersection of the root axes, as indicated by the chain line 31.
  • the part 32 of the hub may suitably be more or less conical With an included angle which is equal to 180-2b though departures from this may sometimes be convenient, while the nose 33 may be rounded and centrally recessed to accommodate the nut 14.
  • the head 23 of the bolt 22 tapers similarly to the portion 1.8 and recess 19 so that the material of the blade root is put in radial compression when the nut 21 is tightened so that clamping forces are not added to the centrifugal forces which must be borne by the root material.
  • FIGURE 2 instead of a bolt with its head cast or moulded in, a stud 22a is shown east or moulded in. Also instead of a flat Washer 24 under the nut 21, a conical washer 24a seats in a corresponding countersink 27a of opposite taper to the recess 19, the included angle again being such that it is not less than 2a with the same effect as regards die casting or die moulding. In this example the included angle is equal to 2b.
  • the Width of the bearing zone on the blade root can be kept narrower than where a flat Washer is used, as indeed indicated ⁇ by FIGURE 2 while the centre part of the root portion 18a is reduced in diamrneter.
  • FIGURE 2 does not differ from FIGURE 1 and the same references are used Where appropriate.
  • FIGURE 3 Another modification is shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the portion 18h of the blade root does not taper conically but is spherical (and the recess 19h is similarly spherical) with a minimum semi-angle, that is the angle between the tangent 26!) at the mouth of the recess, not less than the angle a, in this example equal to b, with the Same effect as regards die casting or die moulding.
  • FIGURE 3 does not differ from FIGURE 2 and the same references have been used where appropriate.
  • conical washer 24a could be replaced by a spherical washer with the same conditions regarding angle i.e. the minimum included angle must be not less than 2a, and a conical or spherical washer could be used with the cast-in or moulded in bolt 22, 23 of FIGURE l.
  • a cast or moulded in bolt could be used with a spherical blade root, the bolt head being shaped to correspond to put the material of the blade root in compression.
  • the cast in stud of FIGURES 2 and 3 could be replaced by a bolt which is screwed into the blade root from inside the hub.
  • a ilat Washer could be used 'with spherical blade root and recess.
  • FIGURE 4 One way of reducing the mating surfaces consists in providing clearance in the blade root while leaving the recess in the hub of complete circular cross section.
  • the root 18C has clearance at 34a, 34h, 34e such as to leave three zones 35a, 35h, 35C at which the root mates with the surface 19C of the recess.
  • the clearances are distributed so that the zones 35a, 35h, 35C are substantially equally spaced and so that two of the clearances 34a, 34h extend across the plane indicated by the chain line 36 on which abut the two parts of the die in which the blade is cast or moulded.
  • These clearances 34a, 34b are so contoured below the plane 36 that just as with a root of full section there is no impediment to the separation of the parts of the die.
  • the forms of hub illustrated in the figures can indeed be cast or moulded in single two part dies, While if a multipart die is used to shape the outer face of the hub, having one part for each recess, by suitably choosing the angle b in relation to the direction of withdrawal, removable cores can still be avoided. For example if these die parts are to be withdrawn radially from the axis 1S the requirement is that angle b should be not less than (-a). If a recess to accommodate the nut 14 is still required, the central part of the outer face of the hub can be shaped by a die part withdrawn along the axis 15. The inner face of the hub can still be shaped by a single die part withdrawn along the axis 15.
  • a fan impeller comprising a hub having a plurality of similarly disposed recesses therein, a plurality of similar blades, each blade having a root rigid therewith and seated in its corresponding recess and adjustable about an axis which is at a substantial inclination to the axis of rotation of the impeller, and a screw member disposed axially of each root which when tightened holds the root rmly in the recess in which it is seated, the blade roots each tapering towards the axis of rotation of the impeller with a minimum included angle not less than twice the angle of inclination of the blade root axis to a line which does not coincide with the root axis and which is at an angle to the axis of rotation of the impeller which is between 0 and 90, and a tapered washer interposed between the screw member and impeller head and seats in a corresponding countersink in the hub, the taper of the countersink 'being opposite to that of the blade root.
  • a fan impeller comprising a generally concaveconvex hub open on the concave surface side, having a central portion with a bore to seat on a driving shaft about the axis of which the impeller rotates and having a plurality of similar recesses in its convex surface spaced around the axis of the central bore, each recess having an axis directed generally through the concave surface of the hub towards the axis of the central bore at an angle of inclination substantially less than 90, each recess tapering so that all parts of its sides taper more steeply with respect to the axis of the recess than a cone having a semiangle equal to the angel of inclination of the axis of the recess to the axis of the central bore, a plurality of impeller blades equal in number to the number of recesses, each blade including an integral tapering root shaped to seat in a corresponding recess, and a screw member disposed axially with respect to each recess and engaging the root seated
  • a fan impeller according to claim 2 in which on the concave surface side the hub is free of any radial re-entrants in a direction towards the open sides.
  • a fan impeller according to claim I1 in which the blade roots and recesses in the hub are part spherical.
  • a fan impeller according to claim 1 in which there is contact between the recess over three small areas dis* posed approximately equally spaced around the axis of the root lwith small clearance elsewhere such that no reentrants are formed.
  • screw members comprise bolts each having its head and part of its shank cast or moulded into a blade root, and nuts threaded on said bolts.
  • a fan impeller according to claim 1 in which the screw members are bolts each screwing into a tapped hole in a blade root.
  • each part of the impeller hub over which a blade end sweeps over a range of adjustment about the axis of the corresponding recess is a figure of revolution about the axis of the recess as near as may be to the general form 0f the hub further towards the centre, these parts being blended into the general form 0f the hub and the blade ends being correspondingly shaped with small clearance from these parts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US415284A 1963-12-05 1964-12-02 Fan impeller Expired - Lifetime US3323710A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB48171/63A GB1106390A (en) 1963-12-05 1963-12-05 Fan impeller

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US3323710A true US3323710A (en) 1967-06-06

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US415284A Expired - Lifetime US3323710A (en) 1963-12-05 1964-12-02 Fan impeller

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US (1) US3323710A (de)
CH (1) CH469905A (de)
DE (1) DE1503661A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1106390A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012171A (en) * 1974-04-24 1977-03-15 Suvak Michael N Blade and mounting means
US4610600A (en) * 1985-06-10 1986-09-09 Industrial Air, Inc. Adjustable-pitch axial fan wheel
US4675160A (en) * 1986-01-28 1987-06-23 Warner-Lambert Company Occult blood test monitor
US4934904A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-06-19 Tcf Axial Division, Inc. Axial fan
US5611665A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-03-18 Angel; Bruce A. Marine propeller and method
US6042333A (en) * 1995-01-25 2000-03-28 Magiview Pty. Ltd. Adjustable pitch impeller
US6447252B1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2002-09-10 Rolls-Royce Plc Rotor-shaft connector
US6764282B2 (en) 2001-11-14 2004-07-20 United Technologies Corporation Blade for turbine engine
US7757340B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2010-07-20 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Soft-surface remediation device and method of using same
US9169730B2 (en) 2011-11-16 2015-10-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fan hub design
CN107614867A (zh) * 2015-05-28 2018-01-19 戴纳维科公司 具有可拆卸叶片的流体机械的叶轮

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2477954A (en) * 1947-04-01 1949-08-02 Blanc Jacques Jean Louis Gas turbine
US2664961A (en) * 1947-10-24 1954-01-05 Joy Mfg Co Adjustable blade fan
CA511976A (en) * 1955-04-19 G. Sawyer James Axial flow fan
DE949899C (de) * 1942-03-29 1956-09-27 Eduard Dufey Dipl Ing Axialgeblaese oder -pumpe mit Schwenkbaren Laufschaufeln
FR1126364A (fr) * 1954-06-26 1956-11-21 Stork Koninklijke Maschf Ventilateur ou pompe axiale
US2776107A (en) * 1955-03-11 1957-01-01 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Hydraulic machine with adjustable propeller blades sealed at their inner ends
US2811303A (en) * 1948-12-28 1957-10-29 Joy Mfg Co Impeller for axial flow fans
CA566698A (en) * 1958-11-25 E. Lawrie Albert Centrifugal or radial flow fan impellers
US2972441A (en) * 1957-05-14 1961-02-21 Gen Motors Corp Variable blade system

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA511976A (en) * 1955-04-19 G. Sawyer James Axial flow fan
CA566698A (en) * 1958-11-25 E. Lawrie Albert Centrifugal or radial flow fan impellers
DE949899C (de) * 1942-03-29 1956-09-27 Eduard Dufey Dipl Ing Axialgeblaese oder -pumpe mit Schwenkbaren Laufschaufeln
US2477954A (en) * 1947-04-01 1949-08-02 Blanc Jacques Jean Louis Gas turbine
US2664961A (en) * 1947-10-24 1954-01-05 Joy Mfg Co Adjustable blade fan
US2811303A (en) * 1948-12-28 1957-10-29 Joy Mfg Co Impeller for axial flow fans
FR1126364A (fr) * 1954-06-26 1956-11-21 Stork Koninklijke Maschf Ventilateur ou pompe axiale
US2776107A (en) * 1955-03-11 1957-01-01 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Hydraulic machine with adjustable propeller blades sealed at their inner ends
US2972441A (en) * 1957-05-14 1961-02-21 Gen Motors Corp Variable blade system

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012171A (en) * 1974-04-24 1977-03-15 Suvak Michael N Blade and mounting means
US4610600A (en) * 1985-06-10 1986-09-09 Industrial Air, Inc. Adjustable-pitch axial fan wheel
US4675160A (en) * 1986-01-28 1987-06-23 Warner-Lambert Company Occult blood test monitor
US4934904A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-06-19 Tcf Axial Division, Inc. Axial fan
US6042333A (en) * 1995-01-25 2000-03-28 Magiview Pty. Ltd. Adjustable pitch impeller
US5611665A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-03-18 Angel; Bruce A. Marine propeller and method
US6447252B1 (en) * 1999-05-07 2002-09-10 Rolls-Royce Plc Rotor-shaft connector
US6764282B2 (en) 2001-11-14 2004-07-20 United Technologies Corporation Blade for turbine engine
US7757340B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2010-07-20 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Soft-surface remediation device and method of using same
US9169730B2 (en) 2011-11-16 2015-10-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fan hub design
US9810076B2 (en) 2011-11-16 2017-11-07 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fan hub design
CN107614867A (zh) * 2015-05-28 2018-01-19 戴纳维科公司 具有可拆卸叶片的流体机械的叶轮
US20180156183A1 (en) * 2015-05-28 2018-06-07 Dynavec As Runner for a Fluid Machine Having Removable Blades
CN107614867B (zh) * 2015-05-28 2020-11-10 戴纳维科公司 具有可拆卸叶片的流体机械的叶轮

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1106390A (en) 1968-03-13
DE1503661A1 (de) 1970-02-19
CH469905A (de) 1969-03-15

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