US3331681A - Method of making steel - Google Patents

Method of making steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3331681A
US3331681A US38028564A US3331681A US 3331681 A US3331681 A US 3331681A US 38028564 A US38028564 A US 38028564A US 3331681 A US3331681 A US 3331681A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
station
scrap
metal
refining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Mobley Loreley Spencer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dravo Corp
Original Assignee
Dravo Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dravo Corp filed Critical Dravo Corp
Priority to US38028564 priority Critical patent/US3331681A/en
Priority to DE19651458805 priority patent/DE1458805C/de
Priority to BE666148D priority patent/BE666148A/xx
Priority to GB2814065A priority patent/GB1094270A/en
Priority to NL6508624A priority patent/NL6508624A/xx
Priority to FR23521A priority patent/FR1439596A/fr
Priority to SE885865A priority patent/SE328598B/xx
Priority to ES0314992A priority patent/ES314992A1/es
Priority to AT612565A priority patent/AT277296B/de
Priority to US619304A priority patent/US3477705A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3331681A publication Critical patent/US3331681A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/12—Travelling ladles or similar containers; Cars for ladles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/06—Constructional features of mixers for pig-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/285—Plants therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the casting is best effected while the temperature of the metal is high, which indicates the desirability of the casting unit being close to the furnace, whereas to utilize the heat in the continuously-cast billets or slabs, it is desirable that the casting unit be near the metal rolling facility. Few plants are so organized that the casting unit may be near both the furnace and the rolling mill end of the operation.
  • the present invention provides a facility and method where, through the use of a succession of similar furnace units, more effective use is made of the equipment with a consequent greater yield from a smaller investment. It contemplates the use of a number of mobile furnace units with a plant so organized that while one furnace is on the blowing cycle, a succeeding furnace is being preheated from the off gases of the one ahead and at the finish of the preheat, charged with molten metal.
  • a third succeeding furnace may at such time be receiving a charge of cold scrap, while a heat which has just been finished is transported to a pouring station and emptied with less loss of heat in the finished metal which is now involved in the present practice of pouring the finished steel from the furnace to a ladle and the transportation of this ladle to a place where the metal is to be poured.
  • There is desirably still another mobile furnace which may be at a repair and/ or relining station remote from the blowing, preheating and scrap charging areas so that relining in no way uses space in the metal refining area.
  • the invention has for its primary object to provide a new and unique steel making facility and method.
  • a further object is to provide such a facility and method which, among other things, will involve less investment per ton capacity, utilize more fully the off gases from the oxygen, blowing operation, have greater flexibility, and utilize less ground area.
  • FIG. 1 is a general plan view of a plant embodying my invention and for the practice of the method
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of one of the mobile furnaces.
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse vertical section through the furnace structure apart from the car, the view being substantially in the plane of line IIIIII of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 designates rail trucks at each end of the furnace which is designated generally at 3.
  • the furnace comprises a steel shell 4 having cylindrical end portions 5. These are encircled by tires or rings 6 for support in a well-known manner similar to rotary kilns on fixed rollers mounted in cradle structures 7 that are pivoted on the truck 2.
  • a reversible motor at 8 is utilized through gearing and a ring 9 with gear teeth thereabout to rotate the furnace about its axis.
  • the shell is lined with refractory and the end portions 5 are hollow, providing axially-extending tubular ducts or flues 10.
  • the cylindrical extension at one end preferably at the rear, has a bell mouth 5a into which the opposite end of a succeeding similar furnace unit may be entered for the transfer of off gases from the unit ahead to the following one, or from a second furnace to an oiftake duct, as will hereinafter more fully appear.
  • removable cover plates 11 may be hung over the ends of the fines.
  • the body of the furnace between the cylindrical ends is nonsymmetrical about the axis of rotation of the furnace, with a deeper metal holding receptacle or hearth portion 12 which has a rounded substantially semicircular bottom 12a that is curved about a point lying close to the bottom edge of the flue passage 10 so that it is eccentric to these passages. It has tangential side walls 12!) extending up from the curve that join into an arched top wall 120.
  • the hearth portion or metal holding part of the furnace is thus underslung between the trucks on which the furnace rides and is below the level of the fines 10.
  • a charging opening 13 which is formed by replacing the curved top with upwardly convergent flat side walls 12d extending from the side walls 12b to a level slightly above the roof or top wall 12c, the opening 13 as here shown being substantialy square.
  • a refractory cover block 14 removably set over this opening, the block having a central opening 15 therethrough.
  • a lateral protuberance 17 On the side wall of the furnace between the charging opening and the cylindrical portion 5 at the other end of the furnace from the lance ports 16, is a lateral protuberance 17 through which i a slag discharge port 18, this port being at a level just below the mid plane of the furnace chamber and it slopes outwardly and downwardly at a slight angle.
  • a metal pouring spout 19 On the side of the furnace body opposite from the slag port there is a metal pouring spout 19 with a passage 20 therethrough that extends outwardly and upwardly at a tangent to the bottom of the furnace at about its lowestpoint.
  • This spout is desirably located about the middle of the furnace from end to end.
  • the charge of molten metal at the time of blowing with oxygen is at the general level of the dotted line aa, and above this are a few inches of slag represented by the dotted line b-b.
  • the furnace is rotated in a clockwise direction from the upright position as. hereinbefore explained through an arc of about 17 which will enable the slag to discharge from port 18.
  • the furnace is rotated in the opposite direction from a vertical position through an are sufficient for the metal to substantially entirely flow from the bottom of the furnace through port 20.
  • the ports are plugged with a temporary plug which may be lanced open.
  • FIG. 1 shows more or less schematically one plant layout for 7 this purpose.
  • a crossover track 30 is utilized to return the furnace units to the main track and a switchback 31 enables the furnaces to be moved back along the main track to a repair station 32 where the refractory is fettled, repaired or replaced, or other service operations performed.
  • the working area or shop designated generally at 33.
  • a first station or position P1 at which there is an overhead traveling bridge crane schematically indicated at 34.
  • It is a conventional structure, spanning the main track, the scrap car tracks and the hot metal car track with an electromagnetic lift that may be lowered into a scrap car, pick up a load of scrap metal and deposit it in the charging opening of a furnace at this station.
  • There may be a railroad scale at the scrap charging station, or the scrap may be weighed by a scale arrangement on the crane, both of which arrangements are known.
  • duct 35 that is suspended at 36 so that it may be retracted clear of the track to permit the furnaces to be successively moved from the scrap charging station to station P2 and this duct is then entered into the bell at the rear end of the furnace at the preheat station.
  • This duct is an extension of pipe 37 leading to a gas cleaner 38 and the gas cleaner is followed by a suction fan 39 which discharges into a stack 40.
  • a traveling bridge crane 41 extending over the main track, the scrap car tracks and the hot metal track.
  • This crane serves to carry a ladle 41a of molten metal which is poured into it from a hot metal or so-called bottle car 42 on the hot metal track 27 and pour it into the furnce at station P2.
  • the ladle 41a rests on a scale while it is being charged with molten metal, as is usual, so that the molten metal can be weighed, since it is important that the weight of both the scrap and the metal be known.
  • the metal in the ladle is only poured into the furnace after the scrap therein has first been heated by the off-gases from the furnace at P3, and of course after first removing the cover 14.
  • the preheating of the scrap may melt out small amounts of tramp metals as lead, brass, solder, copper, etc., that may 'be present in a free state in certain types of scrap, and the furnace can be tilted to remove any such molten tramp metals that have accumulated before the hot ferrous metal is introduced into the furnace from the ladle.
  • a crane is not per se of novel construction.
  • the furnace at station P3 is first tilted to discharge slag into a transversely-movable ladle 50- and is then moved out of the blowing position and if the metal is not to be immediately poured, a cover plate 11 may be placed over the rear end of the furnace to conserve the heat until the pouring is to take place. It may also be desirable at times to pour off the slag into ladle 5i intermediate to the beginning and end of the blow, and this may be done and new slag-forming materials introduced through the pneumatic conveyor 45.
  • alloying or other addition materials may also be selec-'
  • the car at P4 can be moved to a degassing station, or it can be moved to an ingot pouring station, or if the apparatus is to be used in connection with continuous casting, it can be moved to a continuous casting unit that may be remote from the refining apparatus and in the vicinity of the rolling mill. Heat at this time in conserved by reason of the fact that the hot metal does not have to be poured at the steel-making plant into another receptacle and transported in such other receptacle to the casting plant.
  • oxygen is discharged through the lances entered in the ports 16 against the charge in the furnace to effect the basic oxygen conversion of the metal to steel as is well understood in the art.
  • the offgases from this reaction are comprised principally of carbon monoxide at high temperature.
  • these off-gases are drawn into the furnace at the preheat station P2 where they impinge upon the scrap, preheating it to a high temperature.
  • it becomes hot enough during the preheating cycle that it will tend to soften and sink down of its own Weight toward the bottom of the furnace. It may even be desirable at the start of the preheating to tilt the furnace on its side and then bring it gradually to an upright position, thereby causing the charge of scrap to shift and exposing it more effectively to the gases flowing through the furnace.
  • This plant may be installed in areas that will not accommodate the conventional equipment now in use and only a relatively small part of the total area need be enclosed. It is flexible to the output requirements of the mill, and even permits successive heats to be made to different specifications with little ditficulty.
  • the process for effecting conversion of a ferrous charge to steel with oxygen which comprises stationing one mobile furnace at a refining station and entering a lance through which a gas comprising oxygen is introduced into the furnace at such station, positioning another similar mobile furnace containing a charge of scrap at a second station immediately behind the first, withdrawing gases from the first furnace through the second to preheat the scrap in the second, charging molten metal into the second furnace when the scrap has been heated and the refining operation in the first is complete, advancing the first furnace beyond the first station when the refining is completed, advancing the second furnace to the refining station, and moving a third similar mobile furnace to the position formerly occupied by the second and repeating the cycle of refining in one furnace and preheating the scrap in the succeeding one.
  • the method of effecting the production of steel which comprises moving a succession of furnaces in rotation first to a scrap charging station and loading scrap metal in turn to each furnace, then to a preheating station where the scrap is preheated and molten ferrous metal is added after the scrap has been preheated, and then to a refining station, introducing a gas comprising oxygen into the furnace at the refining station, conveying off-gases from the refining station through the succeeding furnace at the preheating station, and upon completion of the refining operation moving the furnace with the refined metal to a place for disposition of the charge of refined metal, advancing the succeeding furnaces in turn through the same cycle and returnning the furnaces after disposition of the refined metal to the first station for a repeat cycle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US38028564 1964-07-06 1964-07-06 Method of making steel Expired - Lifetime US3331681A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38028564 US3331681A (en) 1964-07-06 1964-07-06 Method of making steel
DE19651458805 DE1458805C (de) 1964-07-06 1965-06-26 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Stahl aus geschmolzenem Roheisen und Schrott mittels Sauerstoffaufblasens, Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und ver- fahrbarer Konverter für diese Anlage
BE666148D BE666148A (de) 1964-07-06 1965-06-30
GB2814065A GB1094270A (en) 1964-07-06 1965-07-02 Steel making apparatus and method of operating the same
NL6508624A NL6508624A (de) 1964-07-06 1965-07-05
FR23521A FR1439596A (fr) 1964-07-06 1965-07-05 Procédé et installation de raffinage d'acier
SE885865A SE328598B (de) 1964-07-06 1965-07-05
ES0314992A ES314992A1 (es) 1964-07-06 1965-07-06 Procedimiento e instalacion para la produccion de acero.
AT612565A AT277296B (de) 1964-07-06 1965-07-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahl und Einrichtungen zur Durchführung desselben
US619304A US3477705A (en) 1964-07-06 1967-02-28 Steel making apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38028564 US3331681A (en) 1964-07-06 1964-07-06 Method of making steel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3331681A true US3331681A (en) 1967-07-18

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US38028564 Expired - Lifetime US3331681A (en) 1964-07-06 1964-07-06 Method of making steel

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US (1) US3331681A (de)
AT (1) AT277296B (de)
BE (1) BE666148A (de)
ES (1) ES314992A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1094270A (de)
NL (1) NL6508624A (de)
SE (1) SE328598B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385584A (en) * 1965-03-12 1968-05-28 Waagner Biro Ag Craneless steel plant
US3460933A (en) * 1967-08-01 1969-08-12 Quigley Co Method of concurrently operating furnaces of the acid or basic converter types
US3484088A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-12-16 Impianti Spa Soc It Multi-converters pneumatic steelmaking plant
US3502313A (en) * 1966-05-03 1970-03-24 Richard L Pastorius Steel producing plant with umbilically operative furnace top means
DE1950177A1 (de) * 1968-10-07 1970-04-16 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Fahrzeug mit Behaelter zum Transport heissen Gutes,insbesondere geschmolzenen Roheisens
FR2043394A5 (de) * 1969-07-19 1971-02-12 Demag Ag
FR2334453A1 (fr) * 1975-12-09 1977-07-08 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Chariot melangeur pour le transport de metaux fondus
DE3001107A1 (de) * 1979-01-19 1980-07-24 Davy Int Minerals & Metals Mobile vorrichtung zur aufnahme geschmolzenen metalls
US20100255437A1 (en) * 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Gibson Donald B Modular Mobile Furnace Train
CN109055656A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-21 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 一种配套转炉预热废钢压块的生产工艺系统及其方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3013789A (en) * 1959-12-17 1961-12-19 M H Treadwell Company Inc Mobile apparatus for oxygen refining of metal
US3060014A (en) * 1958-04-17 1962-10-23 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Multi-furnace for refining metal
US3231369A (en) * 1962-03-27 1966-01-25 Kloeckner Werke Ag Method of making steel
US3257105A (en) * 1961-10-11 1966-06-21 Kloeckner Werke Ag Steel plant layout

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060014A (en) * 1958-04-17 1962-10-23 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Multi-furnace for refining metal
US3013789A (en) * 1959-12-17 1961-12-19 M H Treadwell Company Inc Mobile apparatus for oxygen refining of metal
US3257105A (en) * 1961-10-11 1966-06-21 Kloeckner Werke Ag Steel plant layout
US3231369A (en) * 1962-03-27 1966-01-25 Kloeckner Werke Ag Method of making steel

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385584A (en) * 1965-03-12 1968-05-28 Waagner Biro Ag Craneless steel plant
US3502313A (en) * 1966-05-03 1970-03-24 Richard L Pastorius Steel producing plant with umbilically operative furnace top means
US3484088A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-12-16 Impianti Spa Soc It Multi-converters pneumatic steelmaking plant
US3460933A (en) * 1967-08-01 1969-08-12 Quigley Co Method of concurrently operating furnaces of the acid or basic converter types
US3661374A (en) * 1968-10-07 1972-05-09 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Car with a vessel for the conveying of hot substances, particularly molten pig iron
DE1950177A1 (de) * 1968-10-07 1970-04-16 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Fahrzeug mit Behaelter zum Transport heissen Gutes,insbesondere geschmolzenen Roheisens
FR2043394A5 (de) * 1969-07-19 1971-02-12 Demag Ag
FR2334453A1 (fr) * 1975-12-09 1977-07-08 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Chariot melangeur pour le transport de metaux fondus
DE3001107A1 (de) * 1979-01-19 1980-07-24 Davy Int Minerals & Metals Mobile vorrichtung zur aufnahme geschmolzenen metalls
US20100255437A1 (en) * 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Gibson Donald B Modular Mobile Furnace Train
WO2010117870A1 (en) * 2009-04-06 2010-10-14 Donald Gibson Modular mobile furnace train
US8506291B2 (en) 2009-04-06 2013-08-13 Donald B. Gibson Modular mobile furnace train
US9239191B2 (en) 2009-04-06 2016-01-19 Donald B. Gibson Mobile furnace system
CN109055656A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-21 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 一种配套转炉预热废钢压块的生产工艺系统及其方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES314992A1 (es) 1966-02-16
GB1094270A (en) 1967-12-06
SE328598B (de) 1970-09-21
NL6508624A (de) 1966-01-07
BE666148A (de) 1965-10-18
DE1458805A1 (de) 1969-01-16
DE1458805B2 (de) 1972-06-22
AT277296B (de) 1969-12-29

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