US3337206A - Ceramic and tar bonded brick furnace lining - Google Patents

Ceramic and tar bonded brick furnace lining Download PDF

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Publication number
US3337206A
US3337206A US380232A US38023264A US3337206A US 3337206 A US3337206 A US 3337206A US 380232 A US380232 A US 380232A US 38023264 A US38023264 A US 38023264A US 3337206 A US3337206 A US 3337206A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bonded
shaped elements
lining
tar
bricks
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Expired - Lifetime
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US380232A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bouvier Georg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Veitscher Magnesitwerke AG
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Veitscher Magnesitwerke AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/045—Bricks for lining cylindrical bodies, e.g. skids, tubes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A working lining for metallurgical vessels consisting of ceramically bonded and tar bonded basic and neutral refractory shapes. Each lining layer consists of the ceramically bonded shapes interspersed with a suificient number of the tar bonded shapes, preferably alternating with each other, for the latter shapes to take up the thermal expansion of the ceramically bonded shapes.
  • the invention relates to a lining for metallurgical vessels, in particular crucibles, converters, rotors, and electrical furnaces, used for carrying out metallurgical processes, and in particular for the smelting of steel.
  • a satisfactory lining for such vessels has proved to be of ceramically bonded bricks, such as may be obtained by burning (also called kiln firing) or by a smelting process, which bricks are impregnated after the conclusion of the process causing the ceramic bond, with a carbon-containing medium. Impregnation with this carbon-containing medium may be effected either by immersion in it, or by treatment under vacuum and/or excess pressure, if necessary at elevated temperature.
  • the purpose of this impregnation process is to fill the pores of the fired or smelted shaped element with carbon, in order to render it more resistant to the attack of slag or metallic baths.
  • the carbon-containing medium may be hydrocarbons, the distillation products of coal, crude oil or wood, in particular tar or pitch, or finely-dispersed suspensions of soot or graphite in a suitable carrier liquid. It is also possible to elfect the deposition of the carbon by means of the decomposition of a carbon-containing gas in the pores of the brick.
  • the shaped elements, which have been treated with carbon by one of the above methods, may also be fired under reducing conditions. 1
  • expansion gaps must be provided to take up the thermal expansion of the bricks until the operating temperature is reached.
  • a metallurgical vessel is lined with such shaped elements, which may for example be fired, tar-impregnated bricks
  • expansion gaps must be provided to take up the thermal expansion of the bricks until the operating temperature is reached.
  • a cylindrical vessel it is essential to provide within a ring of bricks, i.e., in the case of a vertical cylindrical vessel in a horizontal direction, space for expansion of the order of 1%, depending on the material of which the bricks are composed.
  • This expansion space has hitherto been provided by combustible inserts, preferably of cardboard of appropriate strength.
  • Such combustible inserts are, however, subject to various disadvantages.
  • the bricks may retain the slagrepelling properties, imparted to them by the introduction of the carbon, it is necessary to block the egress of the carbon-containing compounds and to prevent as far as possible the escape of the components and distillates of these. Since such escape takes place principally through non-sealed gaps, the formation of such gaps must be prevented in advance.
  • gaps is furthermore promoted by the fact that the ceramically-bonded, e.g., fired, bricks possess, due to their method of manufacture, small surface roughnesses, which prevent the gaps becoming completely closed even after the burning away of the expansion inserts and the thermal expansion of the bricks.
  • the shaped elements are of refractory materials which are chemically basic or neutral.
  • One type of the shaped elements are ceramically bonded elements treated with a carboncontaining medium, and the other type are unfired and bonded with carbon-containing media.
  • the lining comprises a plurality of layers of these two types of refractory shaped elements, each lining layer consisting of the ceramically bonded elements interspersed with a sufiicient number of the unfired shaped elements or bricks, which have been bonded with tar or some such substance, to take up the expansion of the ceramically bonded, e.g. fired, shaped elements and to prevent the formation of undesirable gaps.
  • the tar-bonded shaped elements are sufiiciently pliable and compressible for this purpose; this'can also be obtained by the use of lower production pressures, the selection of a suitable quantity of tar or other like bonding agent and of a refractory material of suitable grain size.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a part of a lining in a metallurgical vessel
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a part of a ring of bricks in another embodiment of the lining
  • ceramically-bonded shaped elements or bricks 1 and tar-bonded shaped elements or bricks 2 of approximately the same size are used for the lining, they can be arranged in checkerboard formation, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the shell 3 of the vessel, the permanent lining 4 mostly consisting of fired magnesia bricks and the back-ramming 5 consisting of tar-dolomite or tar-magnesia rammingmiX are shown in section.
  • Expansion may be sufiiciently compensated by a brick bonded with tar or similar bonding agent interspersed after a certain number of ceramically bonded bricks, e.g., after every second, third or fourth brick.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown an embodiment wherein one tar-bonded brick 2 is interspersed after each three ceramically bonded bricks.
  • All basic or neutral refractory materials may be used as refractory material both for the ceramically-bonded and for the tar bonded bricks or shaped elements, in particular magnesia or periclase (sintered magnesia from natural or from purified magnesite or artificially manufactured magnesia, e.g., from sea water), dolomitic magnesia, dolomite, if desired with the addition of chromium ore, clay, magnesium-aluminium-spinel, lime or similar materials. According to the required use, the magnesia may be selected with a high or low iron content. (Instead of the term sintered magnesia there are often used the terms calcined magnesia or dead-burned magnesia) Example The following materials were used for the lining of an LD crucible:
  • Fired bricks size x 400 x 94 mm. (wedge bricks); pressed of sintered magnesia, fired in a continuous-type tunnel kiln at approx. 1700 C. and then impregnated with steel-works heavy tar by means of vacuum treatment at an elevated temperature (approx. C).
  • a lining for a metallurgical vessel comprising a plurality of layers of two types of refractory shaped elements, said shaped elements being of refractory materials selected from the group consisting of chemically basic and neutral materials, one of said types of shaped elements being ceramically bonded elements treated with a carbon-containing medium and subject to thermal expansion at operating temperatures of the metallurgical vessel, and the other type of said shaped elements being unfired and bonded by a carbon-containing medium, said bonded shaped elements being compressible, and each of said lining layers consisting of said one type of shaped elements interspersed with a sufficient number of the shaped elements of the other type for the latter elements to take up the thermal expansion of the ceramically bonded elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
US380232A 1963-07-09 1964-07-06 Ceramic and tar bonded brick furnace lining Expired - Lifetime US3337206A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT549963A AT259603B (de) 1963-07-09 1963-07-09 Auskleidung für metallurgische Gefäße

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3337206A true US3337206A (en) 1967-08-22

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US380232A Expired - Lifetime US3337206A (en) 1963-07-09 1964-07-06 Ceramic and tar bonded brick furnace lining

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3337206A (de)
AT (1) AT259603B (de)
BE (1) BE650259A (de)
DE (1) DE1433668A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1049814A (de)
NL (1) NL6407539A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3552732A (en) * 1967-12-21 1971-01-05 Bethlehem Steel Corp Refractory lined ladle having means to facilitate removal of the lining
US3574269A (en) * 1966-03-09 1971-04-13 Champion Spark Plug Co Brick with wear indicator
JPS4855803A (de) * 1971-11-13 1973-08-06
US3829960A (en) * 1972-05-25 1974-08-20 Steel Corp Method of making a removable bottom for a steelmaking furnace from preformed refractory shapes
US4039280A (en) * 1974-07-22 1977-08-02 Pyro-Zytan Gmbh & Co. Linings for high temperature ovens
CN114739176A (zh) * 2022-03-11 2022-07-12 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种石墨化炉

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2567007A (en) * 1949-12-01 1951-09-04 Brassert & Co Blast furnace
US3058736A (en) * 1960-03-02 1962-10-16 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Dolomite furnace lining with carbonaceous bond
US3190626A (en) * 1962-10-01 1965-06-22 Union Carbide Corp Support means for a refractory lined furnace

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2567007A (en) * 1949-12-01 1951-09-04 Brassert & Co Blast furnace
US3058736A (en) * 1960-03-02 1962-10-16 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Dolomite furnace lining with carbonaceous bond
US3190626A (en) * 1962-10-01 1965-06-22 Union Carbide Corp Support means for a refractory lined furnace

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3574269A (en) * 1966-03-09 1971-04-13 Champion Spark Plug Co Brick with wear indicator
US3552732A (en) * 1967-12-21 1971-01-05 Bethlehem Steel Corp Refractory lined ladle having means to facilitate removal of the lining
JPS4855803A (de) * 1971-11-13 1973-08-06
US3829960A (en) * 1972-05-25 1974-08-20 Steel Corp Method of making a removable bottom for a steelmaking furnace from preformed refractory shapes
US4039280A (en) * 1974-07-22 1977-08-02 Pyro-Zytan Gmbh & Co. Linings for high temperature ovens
CN114739176A (zh) * 2022-03-11 2022-07-12 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种石墨化炉
CN114739176B (zh) * 2022-03-11 2024-01-23 中国铝业股份有限公司 一种石墨化炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT259603B (de) 1968-01-25
BE650259A (de) 1964-11-03
NL6407539A (de) 1965-01-11
DE1433668A1 (de) 1969-01-02
GB1049814A (en) 1966-11-30

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