US3339847A - Two-phase spray system for filling tanks - Google Patents

Two-phase spray system for filling tanks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3339847A
US3339847A US45155765A US3339847A US 3339847 A US3339847 A US 3339847A US 45155765 A US45155765 A US 45155765A US 3339847 A US3339847 A US 3339847A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
header
nozzle
liquid
spray
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Schlumberger Etienne Maurice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conch International Methane Ltd
Original Assignee
Conch International Methane Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3339847A publication Critical patent/US3339847A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/061—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/3115—Gas pressure storage over or displacement of liquid
    • Y10T137/3127—With gas maintenance or application

Definitions

  • a liquefied gas reservoir For various application, for example the filling of a liquefied gas reservoir, it is necessary to spray the liquefied gas either mainly as a liquid or as a mixture of gas and liquid.
  • the liquefied gas has been experienced because for example particles of dirt have blocked the fine spray holes, or the liquefied gas has boiled resulting in pockets of gas in the system leading to difiiculties when a mainly liquid stream is required.
  • the device of this invention comprising a header, at least one spray nozzle connected to the header communicating the interior of the header with the exterior thereof, a constriction inside the nozzle restricting the flow of fluid therethrough, and a passageway communicating the interior of the nozzle downstream of the constriction with the fluid space in the header outside said nozzle.
  • this header is mounted in the correct position as will be explained later, merely by maintaining a constant pressure on the fluid flowing into the header and by altering the rate of flow of fluid through the header it is possible to arrange for fluid to be sprayed mainly as as a liquid or as a mixture of liquid and gas.
  • the header i.e., the pipe or conduit through which the fluid is distributed, is preferably provided with a plurality of nozzles.
  • the header may be a large ring provided with nozzles at intervals along its length.
  • it is desired to spray a large area one could use several straight headers which may be arranged in two series of parallel rows, one series being transverse to the other.
  • the nozzle which must be longer than its cross-sectional diameter or greatest cross-sectional dimension, may have one spray hole or series of spray holes through which the fluid can be sprayed.
  • the nozzle preferably passes through an aperture in the wall of the header and is sealingly connected to the header. If desired however, the nozzle may be situated externally of the header, one end of the nozzle terminating in an aperture in the wall of the header. Alternatively of course, the nozzle could be housed right inside the header with the spray hole or holes of the nozzle cooperating with a hole or holes in the wall of the header.
  • the nozzle must be provided with a constriction, so that fluid entering the nozzle will be throttled, and the reduced pressure in the nozzle will cause fluid to be sucked in from the header to the interior of the nozzle through the passageway.
  • the constriction may conveniently be situated at the end of the nozzle, where the fluid from the header first enters the nozzle. It may however be situated some way inside the nozzle, although there must be suflicient distance between the spray hole or holes and the constriction so that there is suflicient throttling for fluid to be sucked into the nozzle through the passageway.
  • the passageway is preferably an aperture in the wall of the nozzle because this is usually the simplest form of passageway.
  • the passageway may be a small pipe passing through the nozzle and constriction therein, one end of United States Patent Patented Sept. 5, 1967 the pipe terminating in the fluid space in the header outside the nozzle, and the other end terminating inside the nozzle downstream of the constriction.
  • This type of passageway should be used when the nozzle is situated externally of the header. In this case, however, care will have to be taken to ensure that the bore of the pipe is not so small that capilliary effects cause difliculties or that the pipe is so wide that it is difficult to obtain any appreciable constriction in the nozzle.
  • the device of this invention shall be suitable for spraying a gas and liquid phase system in either a mainly liquid state or as a mixture of liquid and gas
  • the header it is necessary for the header to be mounted in the substantially horizontal position. It is also necessary for the nozzle to be arranged so that the inlet from the header into the passageway is below the end of the nozzle which communicates with the fluid space of the header. This latter requirement means that if it is desired to spray fluid upwards, the nozzle must either be bent so that the nozzle is U- or L-shaped, or the passageway must be a separate pipe.
  • the flow of liquid is adjusted so that the liquid level is below that end of the nozzle communicating with the fluid space of the header. This means that when a mixture of liquid and gas is pumped into the header substantially only gas will enter the nozzle, the gas will be throttled and suck in liquid through the passageway. The spray therefore will be a mixture of gas and liquid.
  • the flow of liquid is increased so that the liquid level in the header is above the end of the nozzle communicating with the fluid space of the header. This means that substantially only liquid will enter the nozzle, and also that only liquid will be sucked in through the passageway. The spray therefore will be mainly liquid.
  • the device of this invention is particularly suitable for spraying a liquefied gas, that is a liquid which at atmospheric pressure boils below ambient temperature.
  • a liquefied gas that is a liquid which at atmospheric pressure boils below ambient temperature.
  • the components of the spray device i.e., header and nozzle, should be made of materials which do not become embrittled at low temperatures, e.g., metals such as stainless steel or aluminum.
  • the device may however be used for other gas and liquid phase systems, e.g., boiling liquids such as water and steam, or mixtures of liquid and gas such as water andair.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevation of a spray device taken through one of the nozzles
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for operating the spray device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional elevation taken through one of the nozzles of an alternative spray device to that shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement for using the invention to fill a reservoir with liquid natural gas.
  • the horizontally mounted header 1 is provided with a number of nozzles, one of which is shown at 2.
  • This nozzle has a spray hole 3, and at the other end a constriction 4.
  • an aperture 5 providing direct communication between the interior 6 of the nozzle and the fluid space 7 in the header outside the nozzle.
  • the liquid level is set below the constriction 4 in the nozzle, say at level 8.
  • the liquid level is set higher above the constriction 4, say at level 9.
  • liquefied gas in the liquid condition is pumped along line whilst liquefied gas in the gaseous condition is pumped along line 11.
  • the mixture of liquid and gas then enters the header 1 via line 12.
  • the gas pressure in line 11 is controlled by a pressure controller 13 which automatically controls valve 14.
  • the liquid flow rate in line 10 is controlled by the flowrate controller 15.
  • This controller 15 can be set to the desired rate of flow and by means of the differential orifice 16 automatically controls the flow of liquid through the valve 17 according to the predetermined rate.
  • the spray will be a mixture of liquid and gas, and will continue to be a two-phase mixture so long as the liquid level in the header is below the end of the nozzle, i.e., below level 8a. If however relatively more liquid is pumped along line 10 so that the liquid level in the header 1 rises above the level 8a, up to level 9 for example, then only liquid passes through the constriction in the nozzle, and the spray is mainly liquid.
  • the device automatically adjusts itself and sprays either a mixture of liquid and gas, or mainly only liquid according to the level of liquid in the header. If it is desired to change the composition of the spray then the rate of flow of the liquid is altered, and the flow rate controller 15 adjusted to a new setting.
  • the nozzle 21 is connected externally to the header 20.
  • the nozzle has a spray hole 22 and a constriction 23.
  • a small pipe 24 passing through the constriction 23 connects the interior of the nozzle 25 with the fluid zone 26 in the header 20.
  • Two suitable liquid levels are shown at 27 and 28 providing a spray of gas and liquid, and the one at 28 providing a mainly liquid spray.
  • FIG. 4 shows the invention used to fill an in-ground storage reservoir 30 provided with the customary automatically controlled venting outlet 31 and means for withdrawing liquid gas, indicated as a, pipe 32, the other elements being indicated by the same reference characters as before.
  • a device suitable for spraying a single phase or two phase fluid comprising a header, means for maintaining liquid at a substantially constant controlled level in said header, at least one spray nozzle having an inlet end and an outlet end connected to the header communicating the interior of the header with the exterior thereof, a constriction within the nozzle upstream of said outlet end restricting the flow of fluid therethrough and a passageway communicating the interior of the nozzle downstream of the constriction with the liquid in the header outside said nozzle, and means for adjusting the constant liquid level in the header from a level below the inlet end of said spray nozzle to a level above the inlet end to thereby control the type of spray emitted by the nozzle.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 in which the header is provided with a plurality of nozzles.
  • Means for filling a liquefied gas reservoir comprising (a) a generally horizontal header within the reservoir,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US45155765 1964-06-26 1965-04-28 Two-phase spray system for filling tanks Expired - Lifetime US3339847A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2646564A GB1044228A (en) 1964-06-26 1964-06-26 Spraying devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3339847A true US3339847A (en) 1967-09-05

Family

ID=10244068

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US45155765 Expired - Lifetime US3339847A (en) 1964-06-26 1965-04-28 Two-phase spray system for filling tanks

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3339847A (fr)
BE (1) BE665878A (fr)
DE (1) DE1500610A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES314623A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1436293A (fr)
GB (1) GB1044228A (fr)
NL (1) NL6505730A (fr)
OA (1) OA02010A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4925095A (en) * 1986-11-03 1990-05-15 Liquid Air Corporation Multi-orifice manifold for balancing discharge of liquified gases
DE10200392A1 (de) * 2002-01-08 2003-07-17 Linde Ag Speicherbehälter, insbesondere für tiefkalte Flüssigkeiten
US20120132730A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Agco Corporation Enhanced Nozzle Body
JP2012522641A (ja) * 2009-04-06 2012-09-27 ルマス テクノロジー インコーポレイテッド 固体流動床にガス流を注入するための装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2842284A (en) * 1983-05-19 1984-11-22 Donald James Catchpoole Spray apparatus

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189511274A (en) * 1895-06-08 1896-04-04 Sidney Richardson Improvements in Spray Producers.
US828722A (en) * 1905-10-17 1906-08-14 Lucas R Williams Atomizer and like instrument.
GB191303615A (en) * 1913-02-12 1913-10-30 Joseph Richard Parker Improvements in and connected with Spray Producers.
US1198886A (en) * 1916-01-31 1916-09-19 Simplex Utility Company Sprinkling device.
GB205495A (en) * 1922-10-16 1924-08-28 Raoul Vendome Improvements in and relating to atomizers
US2240013A (en) * 1940-04-01 1941-04-29 Jack W Comer Windshield defroster
US2966312A (en) * 1958-03-06 1960-12-27 Norgren Co C A Aerosol generator and lubricator and method of generating micronic size aerosol
US2998934A (en) * 1959-12-18 1961-09-05 Arthur E Broughton Spraying apparatus
US3073529A (en) * 1962-04-02 1963-01-15 Bird Machine Co Spray nozzle
US3311305A (en) * 1965-03-10 1967-03-28 Conch Int Methane Ltd Two-phase spray system for filling tanks

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189511274A (en) * 1895-06-08 1896-04-04 Sidney Richardson Improvements in Spray Producers.
US828722A (en) * 1905-10-17 1906-08-14 Lucas R Williams Atomizer and like instrument.
GB191303615A (en) * 1913-02-12 1913-10-30 Joseph Richard Parker Improvements in and connected with Spray Producers.
US1198886A (en) * 1916-01-31 1916-09-19 Simplex Utility Company Sprinkling device.
GB205495A (en) * 1922-10-16 1924-08-28 Raoul Vendome Improvements in and relating to atomizers
US2240013A (en) * 1940-04-01 1941-04-29 Jack W Comer Windshield defroster
US2966312A (en) * 1958-03-06 1960-12-27 Norgren Co C A Aerosol generator and lubricator and method of generating micronic size aerosol
US2998934A (en) * 1959-12-18 1961-09-05 Arthur E Broughton Spraying apparatus
US3073529A (en) * 1962-04-02 1963-01-15 Bird Machine Co Spray nozzle
US3311305A (en) * 1965-03-10 1967-03-28 Conch Int Methane Ltd Two-phase spray system for filling tanks

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4925095A (en) * 1986-11-03 1990-05-15 Liquid Air Corporation Multi-orifice manifold for balancing discharge of liquified gases
DE10200392A1 (de) * 2002-01-08 2003-07-17 Linde Ag Speicherbehälter, insbesondere für tiefkalte Flüssigkeiten
JP2012522641A (ja) * 2009-04-06 2012-09-27 ルマス テクノロジー インコーポレイテッド 固体流動床にガス流を注入するための装置
EP2424653A4 (fr) * 2009-04-06 2014-01-29 Lummus Technology Inc Dispositifs d'injection de flux gazeux dans un lit de solides fluidisés
JP2014040596A (ja) * 2009-04-06 2014-03-06 Lummus Technology Inc 炭化水素原料を分解するプロセス
US8877138B2 (en) 2009-04-06 2014-11-04 Lummus Technology Inc. Devices for injection of gaseous streams into a bed of fluidized solids
EP2839874A1 (fr) * 2009-04-06 2015-02-25 Lummus Technology Inc. Dispositifs d'injection de flux gazeux dans un lit de solides fluidisés
US20120132730A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-31 Agco Corporation Enhanced Nozzle Body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1500610A1 (de) 1969-08-28
OA02010A (fr) 1970-05-05
BE665878A (fr) 1965-10-18
FR1436293A (fr) 1966-04-22
NL6505730A (fr) 1965-12-27
ES314623A1 (es) 1966-04-01
GB1044228A (en) 1966-09-28

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