US3340082A - Process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds - Google Patents
Process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3340082A US3340082A US324215A US32421563A US3340082A US 3340082 A US3340082 A US 3340082A US 324215 A US324215 A US 324215A US 32421563 A US32421563 A US 32421563A US 3340082 A US3340082 A US 3340082A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- group
- service
- parts
- extending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000276 potassium ferrocyanide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012249 potassium ferrocyanide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 barium carbonate, chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C23/00—Tools; Devices not mentioned before for moulding
- B22C23/02—Devices for coating moulds or cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds.
- the ingot molds used for the discontinuous casting of steel are traditionally castings of cast iron, the economic importance of the manufacture of which remains considerable, especially as substitute products only rarely prove advantageous.
- the fissuring or cracking of the internal surface of the ingot mold is produced mainly by the effect of two reactions, on the one hand, the decarburization of the surface layers, and, on the other hand, the oxidization of the residual ferritic layers. These reactions occur for the most part after the removal of the ingot from the mold, when the internal wall of the ingot mold is still red hot and the mold is laid aside for cooling.
- the proposed protective layer for the retardation of the decarburization and oxidization reactions comprises as essential constituent carbon-containing substances in a liquid of a pulverulent state, such as wood and bone charcoal, coal and lignite, coke of various origins, resins, wood sawdust, graphite, residues from the distillation of coal and petroleum, either in the pure state or in mixture.
- a pulverulent state such as wood and bone charcoal, coal and lignite, coke of various origins, resins, wood sawdust, graphite, residues from the distillation of coal and petroleum, either in the pure state or in mixture.
- adhesives such as sodium silicate, soluble derivatives of cellulose, soluble salts of lignosulphonic acid, sugars and amylaceous products, and others
- catalysts and stabilizers such as alkaline or alkaline earth carbonates, especially barium carbonate, chlorides such as ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate or sulphate, or potassium ferrocyanide.
- products which generate exothermic reactions, such as powdered aluminum or magnesium, in order to reduce as far as possible the surface oxidization of the ingot mold.
- the protective layer to be applied to the still red-hot internal surfaces of the ingot mold, immediately after removal of the ingot from the mold, is produced from a mixture obtained either with ingredients previously ground to a fineness of below mm., or with coarser ingredients ground to this fineness after mixing, and used in aqueous suspension at the concentration of 20 to 30% by weight. After homogenization, the suspension is for example sprayed regularly on to the still very hot faces of the ingot mold, immediately after removal of an ingot from the mold, with the aid of an appropriate sprayer permitting suitable orientation of the jet.
- the hard and coherent varnish layer which forms immediately upon the metal, protects the latter from all oxidization and decarburization during the period of cooling.
- the ingot mold immediately after the steel ingot is removed from the mold, the ingot mold is placed into an atmosphere freed of oxygen; however it is also possible to submit the ingot mold to an inert, protective gas for a sufficient time period, until a sufficiently low temperature is reached to preclude any oxidization phenomenon.
- a process of extending the life of service of ingot molds for cast iron in a metal producing method comprising the steps of applying to the red-hot inner wall of an ingot mold an aqueous suspension of a mixture consisting essentially of 10 to 50 parts of a first carbon-containing constituent selected from the group consisting of wood charcoal, bone charcoal, coal, lignite, coke, resin, wood sawdust, graphite, and residues from the distillation of coal and petroleum,
- an auxiliary constituent as adhesives selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, soluble derivatives of cellulose, soluble salts of lignosulphonic acid, sugars and amylaceous products,
- catalysts and stabilizers selected from the group consisting of alkaline carbonates, alkaline-earth carbonates, chlorides, sodium nitrate, sodium sulphate and potassium ferrocyanide, and
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,340,082 PROCESS OF EXTENDING THE DURATION OF SERVICE OF INGOT MOLDS 'Robert Meyer and Guillaume Muller, Strasbourg, Bas- Rhin, France, assignors to Prochirhin, Societe Anonyme, Strasbourg-Robertsau, France, a corporation of France No Drawing. Filed Nov. 18, 1963, Ser. No. 324,215 Claims priority, application France, Nov. 19, 1962, Patent 1,339,319 2 Claims. (Cl. 1175.3)
The present invention relates to a process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds.
The ingot molds used for the discontinuous casting of steel are traditionally castings of cast iron, the economic importance of the manufacture of which remains considerable, especially as substitute products only rarely prove advantageous.
Now despite the progress effected in the manufacture of these ingot molds, despite the well-recognized qualities of the specially used cast iron, which is imposed by its good thermal conductivity, the persistence of its characteristics under heat, its resistance to thermal shocks, and the fact of the particularly severe conditions of service of the ingot molds, the wear-resistance of these molds remains limited. Regarding the cost price, related to the ton of ingot steel, it remains important in the manufacturing cost of steel.
Endeavors have always been made to extend the duration of the average life of ingot molds and to reduce the cost of manufacture thereof, especially by endeavoring to reduce their unit weight by making them thinner.
However, apart from the abnormal waste pieces resulting from splitting or fracture of the ingot molds in service, it must be observed that their normal wear is due essentially to the fissuring of their internal walls, which incidentally is one of the causes of the production of defects on the surfaces of the ingots. It is possible for this phenomenon to become of such magnitude that the ingot can no longer be removed from the ingot mold.
The fissuring or cracking of the internal surface of the ingot mold is produced mainly by the effect of two reactions, on the one hand, the decarburization of the surface layers, and, on the other hand, the oxidization of the residual ferritic layers. These reactions occur for the most part after the removal of the ingot from the mold, when the internal wall of the ingot mold is still red hot and the mold is laid aside for cooling.
It is one object of the present invention to provide a process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds, which obviates these drawbacks by retarding the occurrence of these reactions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a process of extending the duration of service of cast iron ingot molds, which comprises placing the still redhot internal wall of the mold, immediately after the removal of the steel ingot from the mold and, during the cooling of the mold, into intimate contact with a reducing agent which retards the decar-burization and oxidization of the cast iron.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds, which comprises the application, over the internal wall of the ingot mold, of a protective layer containing carbon or any other reductive substance, for the major part, and comprising, as secondary constituents, adhesives, catalysts and stabilizers, and also exothermic reaction products, this protective layer being applied in an aqueous solution.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds, wherein a variant of the process is carried out by placing the still hot ingot mold into an oxygendeprived reducing atmosphere, or into a current of an inert gas, until the ingot mold is sufiiciently cooled.
The proposed protective layer for the retardation of the decarburization and oxidization reactions, which can occur on the still red-hot internal wall of the ingot mold, comprises as essential constituent carbon-containing substances in a liquid of a pulverulent state, such as wood and bone charcoal, coal and lignite, coke of various origins, resins, wood sawdust, graphite, residues from the distillation of coal and petroleum, either in the pure state or in mixture.
As auxiliary constituents there are used, on the one hand, adhesives, such as sodium silicate, soluble derivatives of cellulose, soluble salts of lignosulphonic acid, sugars and amylaceous products, and others, and, on the other hand, catalysts and stabilizers such as alkaline or alkaline earth carbonates, especially barium carbonate, chlorides such as ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate or sulphate, or potassium ferrocyanide. To the mixture are added products, which generate exothermic reactions, such as powdered aluminum or magnesium, in order to reduce as far as possible the surface oxidization of the ingot mold.
By way of example of embodiments, the following mixtures give excellent results:
The protective layer to be applied to the still red-hot internal surfaces of the ingot mold, immediately after removal of the ingot from the mold, is produced from a mixture obtained either with ingredients previously ground to a fineness of below mm., or with coarser ingredients ground to this fineness after mixing, and used in aqueous suspension at the concentration of 20 to 30% by weight. After homogenization, the suspension is for example sprayed regularly on to the still very hot faces of the ingot mold, immediately after removal of an ingot from the mold, with the aid of an appropriate sprayer permitting suitable orientation of the jet.
The hard and coherent varnish layer, which forms immediately upon the metal, protects the latter from all oxidization and decarburization during the period of cooling.
According to a variant of the execution of the process, to which the invention relates, immediately after the steel ingot is removed from the mold, the ingot mold is placed into an atmosphere freed of oxygen; however it is also possible to submit the ingot mold to an inert, protective gas for a sufficient time period, until a sufficiently low temperature is reached to preclude any oxidization phenomenon.
While we have disclosed several embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that these embodiments are given by example only and not in a limiting sense, the scope of the present invention being determincd by the objects and claims.
We claim:
1. A process of extending the life of service of ingot molds for cast iron in a metal producing method, comprising the steps of applying to the red-hot inner wall of an ingot mold an aqueous suspension of a mixture consisting essentially of 10 to 50 parts of a first carbon-containing constituent selected from the group consisting of wood charcoal, bone charcoal, coal, lignite, coke, resin, wood sawdust, graphite, and residues from the distillation of coal and petroleum,
about 5 to 10 parts of an auxiliary constituent as adhesives selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, soluble derivatives of cellulose, soluble salts of lignosulphonic acid, sugars and amylaceous products,
about 1 to 10 parts of catalysts and stabilizers, respectively, selected from the group consisting of alkaline carbonates, alkaline-earth carbonates, chlorides, sodium nitrate, sodium sulphate and potassium ferrocyanide, and
about 1 to 10 parts of products generating exothermic reactions selected from the group consisting of powdered aluminum and powdered magnesium.
2. The process, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said aqueous suspension contains 20-30% of said mixture of said constituents, catalysts, stabilizers and said products generating exothermic reactions by weight.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,331,816 2/1920 McKnight 22--192 1,536,904 5/1925 MeloChe 22192 1,536,905 5/ 1925 Meloche 22-192 1,597,861 8/1926 Meloche 22- 192 1,688,350 10/1928 Pettis 22--192 1,777,975 10/1930 Klepsch 22-215 2,246,063 6/1941 Projahn 22-192 X 2,343,842 3/1944 Hatcher 22l92 X 3,212,145 10/1965 Green 22192 X I. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
V. K. RISING, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS OF EXTENDING THE LIFE OF SERVICE OF INGOT MOLDS FOR CAST IRON IN A METAL PRODUCING METHOD, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF APPLYING TO THE RED-HOT INNER WALL OF AN INGOT MOLD AN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION OF A MIXTURE CONSISTING ESSENCONSTITUENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF WOOD CHARCOAL, BONE CHARCOAL, COAL, LIGNITE, COKE, RESIN, WOOD SAWDUST, GRAPHITE, AND RESIDUES FROM THE DISTILLATION OF COAL AND PETROLEUM, ABOUT 5 TO 10 PARTS OF AN AUXILIARY CONSTITUENT AS ADHESIVES SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM SILICATE, SOLUBLE DERIVATIVES OF CELLULOSE, SOLUBLE SALTS OF LIGNOSULPHONIC ACID, SUGARS AND AMYLACEOUS PRODUCTS, ABOUT 1 TO 10 PARTS OF CATALYSTS AND STABILIZERS, RESPECTIVELY, SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALINE CARBONATES, ALKALINE-EARTH CARBONATES, CHLORIDES, SODIUM NITRATE, SODIUM SULPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE, AND ABOUT 1 TO 10 PARTS OF PRODUCTS GENERATING EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF POWDERED ALUMINUM AND POWDERED MAGNESIUM.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR3340082X | 1962-11-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3340082A true US3340082A (en) | 1967-09-05 |
Family
ID=9692703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US324215A Expired - Lifetime US3340082A (en) | 1962-11-19 | 1963-11-18 | Process of extending the duration of service of ingot molds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3340082A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3474852A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1969-10-28 | Nalco Chemical Co | Mold coating and method of pouring ingots |
| US3804642A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1974-04-16 | Foseco Int | Exothermic antipiping compositions |
| US3962492A (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1976-06-08 | Foseco International Limited | Method of protecting refractory lining in containers for molten metal |
| US4005742A (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1977-02-01 | United States Steel Corporation | Method of restoring ingot mold stools and closed-bottom ingot mold |
| USRE29646E (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1978-05-30 | United States Steel Corporation | Method or restoring ingot mold stools and closed-bottom ingot mold |
| US4093778A (en) * | 1976-09-10 | 1978-06-06 | Nalco Chemical Company | Ingot mold for producing steel ingots |
| US4098929A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1978-07-04 | Chrysler Corporation | Method for improved parting from hot surfaces |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1331816A (en) * | 1919-12-20 | 1920-02-24 | Jr Charles Mcknight | Method of casting metal |
| US1536904A (en) * | 1922-05-08 | 1925-05-05 | George M Holley | Process of casting iron in metal molds |
| US1536905A (en) * | 1922-12-26 | 1925-05-05 | Earl Holley | Process of producing self-annealed cast-iron castings in permanent molds by the heat of the metal cast |
| US1597861A (en) * | 1923-03-03 | 1926-08-31 | Earl Holley | Process of casting iron in permanent molds at a regulated cooling rate |
| US1688350A (en) * | 1925-03-13 | 1928-10-23 | Clifton D Pettis | Method of molding |
| US1777975A (en) * | 1926-06-29 | 1930-10-07 | Klepsch Wilhelm | Method of making molds |
| US2246063A (en) * | 1938-02-03 | 1941-06-17 | United States Pipe Foundry | Method of producing refractory linings of centrifugal casting molds |
| US2343842A (en) * | 1942-09-05 | 1944-03-07 | Mahoning Paint And Oil Company | Method of coating ingots |
| US3212145A (en) * | 1963-04-12 | 1965-10-19 | United States Steel Corp | Mold coating and method of pouring ingots |
-
1963
- 1963-11-18 US US324215A patent/US3340082A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1331816A (en) * | 1919-12-20 | 1920-02-24 | Jr Charles Mcknight | Method of casting metal |
| US1536904A (en) * | 1922-05-08 | 1925-05-05 | George M Holley | Process of casting iron in metal molds |
| US1536905A (en) * | 1922-12-26 | 1925-05-05 | Earl Holley | Process of producing self-annealed cast-iron castings in permanent molds by the heat of the metal cast |
| US1597861A (en) * | 1923-03-03 | 1926-08-31 | Earl Holley | Process of casting iron in permanent molds at a regulated cooling rate |
| US1688350A (en) * | 1925-03-13 | 1928-10-23 | Clifton D Pettis | Method of molding |
| US1777975A (en) * | 1926-06-29 | 1930-10-07 | Klepsch Wilhelm | Method of making molds |
| US2246063A (en) * | 1938-02-03 | 1941-06-17 | United States Pipe Foundry | Method of producing refractory linings of centrifugal casting molds |
| US2343842A (en) * | 1942-09-05 | 1944-03-07 | Mahoning Paint And Oil Company | Method of coating ingots |
| US3212145A (en) * | 1963-04-12 | 1965-10-19 | United States Steel Corp | Mold coating and method of pouring ingots |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3474852A (en) * | 1967-05-08 | 1969-10-28 | Nalco Chemical Co | Mold coating and method of pouring ingots |
| US3804642A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1974-04-16 | Foseco Int | Exothermic antipiping compositions |
| US3962492A (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1976-06-08 | Foseco International Limited | Method of protecting refractory lining in containers for molten metal |
| US4098929A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1978-07-04 | Chrysler Corporation | Method for improved parting from hot surfaces |
| US4005742A (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1977-02-01 | United States Steel Corporation | Method of restoring ingot mold stools and closed-bottom ingot mold |
| USRE29646E (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1978-05-30 | United States Steel Corporation | Method or restoring ingot mold stools and closed-bottom ingot mold |
| US4093778A (en) * | 1976-09-10 | 1978-06-06 | Nalco Chemical Company | Ingot mold for producing steel ingots |
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