US3351161A - Self-energizing brake system - Google Patents

Self-energizing brake system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3351161A
US3351161A US514877A US51487765A US3351161A US 3351161 A US3351161 A US 3351161A US 514877 A US514877 A US 514877A US 51487765 A US51487765 A US 51487765A US 3351161 A US3351161 A US 3351161A
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United States
Prior art keywords
piston
shoes
pistons
drum
brake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US514877A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lepelletier Pierre And Georges
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo SE
Original Assignee
Francaise du Ferodo SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Francaise du Ferodo SA filed Critical Francaise du Ferodo SA
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Publication of US3351161A publication Critical patent/US3351161A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B60T11/24—Single initiating means operating on more than one circuit, e.g. dual circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F16D51/16—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis
    • F16D51/18—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes
    • F16D51/20—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes extending in opposite directions from their pivots
    • F16D51/24—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as brake-shoes pivoted on a fixed or nearly-fixed axis with two brake-shoes extending in opposite directions from their pivots fluid actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F16D51/46—Self-tightening brakes with pivoted brake shoes, i.e. the braked member increases the braking action
    • F16D51/48—Self-tightening brakes with pivoted brake shoes, i.e. the braked member increases the braking action with two linked or directly-interacting brake shoes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to hydraulically-operated drum brakes, comprising a rotating drum, a fixed plate receiving main cylinder means having at least two adjacent and opposite pistons, a lirst shoe supported by one of its extremities on a first of said pistons and coupled by its other extremity, by means of a free strap, to one of the extremities of a second shoe which is supported by its other extremity on the second piston, the two shoes being intended to rub against the drum for the purpose of braking, the lirst piston co-operating with an actuating hydraulic chamber which receives the driving pressure for the expansion of the shoes, while the second piston cooperates with a hydraulic reaction chamber receiving the pressure which results from the winding drive of the shoes due to the effect of the rotation ofthe drum,
  • the second shoe is subjected to more intense work than the first shoe, following a distribution of forces imposed by the design of the said shoes, and resulting especially in an asymmetric distribution of the forces on the brake drum.
  • the present invention has for its object improvements in drum brakes which make it possible to eliminate the said distribution imposed by the design of the shoes, by providing the possibility of obtaining any other appropriate distribution, particularly with respect to the distribution of the forces acting on the drum.
  • auxiliary cylinder means lixed on the plate have a third piston which is subjected to the pressure in the reaction chamber, and in that one of the two shoes is coupled to this third piston in such manner as to be subjected to a force which effectively modilies its share of the total work. It is preferably the first shoe, namely that which is actuated at its head by the operating piston, which is coupled to the third piston in order to increase its work.
  • the third piston has a direction of displacement parallel to the direction of movement of the lirst two pistons, and is dia metrically opposite to these latter.
  • the third piston is preferably adjacent to the coupling strap of the irst two shoes.
  • FIG. l is a View in elevation, with parts in cross-section, of a drum brake in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a View in cross-section, to a larger scale, of the main cylinder means of this brake;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a braking installation of an automobile vehicle, comprising two front brakes in accordance with FIG. 1 and two rear brakes of the usual type.
  • a drum-brake for an automotive vehicle comprises a rotating drum 10, a fixed plate 11 receiving main cylinder means 12 having at least two adjacent and opposite pistons 13 and 14, a first shoe 15 supported by one of its extremities on the first piston 13 and coupled by its other extremity by means of a free strap 17 to one of the extremities of a second shoe 16 which is supported by its other extremity on the second piston 14.
  • the strap 17 is adjustable in length, for example by a screw and nut device 18, in order that the assembly may be adapted to compensate for the wear of the friction linings 19 and 20 of the shoes 15 and 16.
  • the strap acts in the same way as a spacing element, by the abutment effect of its extremities, and the positioning is held correct by means of a small spring 21.
  • the shoes 15 and 16 are intended to make rubbing contact by their linings 19 and 20 against the drum 10 for the purpose of braking.
  • the iirst piston 13 co-operates with a hydraulic actuating chamber 22 which receives a driving pressure so as to force outwards the shoes 15 and 16, while the second piston 14 co-operates with a hydraulic reaction chamber 23 receiving the pressure which results from the winding drive of the shoes 15 and 16 due to the el'lect of rotation of the drum 10.
  • the separation of the chambers 22 and 23 in the cylinder 12 is effected, in part by the tails of the pistons 13 and 14 and in part by a separating ring 24 mounted in the bottom of the bore 26 of the chamber 23 and engaged in the bore 25 of the chamber 22, so as to remain etectively mobile on the side of the chamber 23.
  • the two shoes 15 and 16 are subjected to the action of a restoring spring 27 (see FIG. l).
  • the two pistons 13 and 14 are centered in their respective bores 25 and 26, and come into abutment against each other due to the action of the spring 27, when the brake is released.
  • Auxiliary cylinder means 33 (FIG. l) are fixed to the plate 11 and have a third piston 34, which as a direction of movement parallel to the direction of movement of the first two pistons 13 and 14,
  • the third piston 34 is diametrically opposite to the first two pistons 13 and 14 and is preferably close to the coupling strap 17 between the shoes 15 and 16.
  • the piston 34 co-operates in the cylinder 33 with a chamber 35 connected by a conduit 36 (FIGS. 1 and 2) to the reaction chamber 23 of the cylinder 12, so that the piston 34 is subjected to the pressure of the chamber 23.
  • the arm 37 is articulated at 38 on the shoe 15 and at 39 on the piston 34.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an arrow which indicates the direction of rotation of the drum 10 when the vehicle is moving in the forward direction. Following the direction of the arrow F, there are found successively in the interior of the drum 10: the piston 13, the shoe 15, and then on the one hand the crank-arm 37 and the piston 34 and on the other hand the strap 17, and then following this strap 17 the shoe 16 and finally the piston 14.
  • the vehicle is provided at the front with two brakes in conformity with that which has just been described with reference to FIGS. l and 2, the right hand of these two brakes being designated by 40 and the left-hand brake by 41.
  • the rear brakes of the vehicle are of the usual type and have a blind wheel cylinder 44 with a piston 45 directed in the opposite direction to that of the vehicle forward movement F, and with two shoes 46 and 47 coupled together by a free strap 48, the shoe 46 being supported on the cylinder 44 while the shoe 47 is supported on the piston 45.
  • the emergency hand-brake 49 acts on the shoes 47 of the rear brakes 42 and 43.
  • the master cylinder 50 comprises three stepped bores 51, 52 and 53, and a master piston 54 moving in these bores, being actuated by the brake pedal 55 and brought back to the position of rest by a return spring 56.
  • the master piston 54 co-operates with the bores 51, 52 and 53 to define a primary chamber 57, a secondary chamber 58 and another primary chamber 59.
  • the chambers 57, 58 and 59 are connected through tiltable valves 60 to three compartments of a tank 61.
  • the primary chamber 57 is connected by a conduit 62 to the actuating chamber 22 of the right-hand front brake 40.
  • the other primary chamber 9 is connected by a conduit 63 to the actuating chamber 22 of the front lefthand brake 41.
  • the secondary chamber 58 is coupled by a common piping system 64 to the reaction chambers 23 of the front brakes 40 and 41 and to the cylinders 44 of the rear brakes 42 and 43.
  • the bores 51, 52 and 53 of the master cylinder 50 are arranged in such manner that the master piston 54 displaces equivalent volumes of oil in each of the two primary circuits 62 and 63 and an additional volume of oil in the secondary circuit 64.
  • the brakes 40 and 41 are normally engaged under the primary pressures in the conduits 62 and 63, and under a secondary pressure inthe circuit 64 which is considerably higher than the primary pressures and which is such that the separation rings 24 remain forcibly held in their position of rest.
  • a double movement is produced in each brake 40 and 41: on the one hand an outward movement of the shoes 1S and 16, and on the other handa movement of rotation of the assembly 15, 16, 13, 14.
  • the third piston 34 which receives the secondary pressure through the conduit 36, reacts on the shoe 15 with a force which results from the reaction transmitted by the shoe 16 on the piston 14, ⁇ which enables the work to be correctly divided between the two shoes 15 and 16.
  • the rear brakes 42 and 43 are supplied by the secondary pressure through 64.
  • the brake operates in the same way as a brake having two shoes coupled together by a free strap.
  • the brake operates in the same way as a brake having two shoes abutting against a fixed point.
  • the invention is not of course limited to the form of construction described and shown, but includes all its alternative forms.
  • a hydraulically operated drum brake comprising a rotatingdrum, a fixed plate, main cylinder means carried by the fixed plate and having at least two adjacent and oppositely directed pistons, a first shoe supported by one of its ends on a first of said pistons, a second shoe supported by one of its ends on a second of said pistons, a free strap by which the opposite ends of said shoes are interconnected, the shoes being positioned to bear against the drum under the urging of said first piston, an actuating hydraulic chamber that urges said first piston outwardly, and a hydraulic reaction chamber with which said second piston cooperates and that receives the pressure which results from the winding drive of the shoes due to rotation of the drum; the improvement comprising auxiliary cylinder means carried by said plate diametrically opposite said main Cylinder means and having a third piston which is subjected to the pressure in the reaction chamber, said third piston acting against at least one of said shoes adjacent said free strap in a direction to impose a net force on said opposite ends of said shoes that has.
  • a ⁇ brake as claimed in claim 1 said third piston being movable in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of said l'irst two pistons.
  • a brake as ⁇ claimed in claim 1 said first shoe being coupled to said third piston to increase the Work of said rst shoe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US514877A 1965-01-04 1965-12-20 Self-energizing brake system Expired - Lifetime US3351161A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR727A FR1428552A (fr) 1965-01-04 1965-01-04 Perfectionnements apportés aux freins à tambour actionnés hydrauliquement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3351161A true US3351161A (en) 1967-11-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US514877A Expired - Lifetime US3351161A (en) 1965-01-04 1965-12-20 Self-energizing brake system

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3351161A (fr)
DE (1) DE1580682A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1428552A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437179A (en) * 1966-06-09 1969-04-08 Ferodo Sa Hydraulic brake system and control means therefor
US11383681B2 (en) * 2019-01-03 2022-07-12 Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Drum brake apparatus for vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2124761A (en) * 1932-05-18 1938-07-26 Bendix Aviat Corp Brake
US2979167A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-04-11 Marguerite D Sullivan Hydraulically operated, mechanically powered safety brake system
US3259214A (en) * 1963-05-25 1966-07-05 Ferodo Sa Self-energizing, spot type brake means

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2124761A (en) * 1932-05-18 1938-07-26 Bendix Aviat Corp Brake
US2979167A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-04-11 Marguerite D Sullivan Hydraulically operated, mechanically powered safety brake system
US3259214A (en) * 1963-05-25 1966-07-05 Ferodo Sa Self-energizing, spot type brake means

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437179A (en) * 1966-06-09 1969-04-08 Ferodo Sa Hydraulic brake system and control means therefor
US11383681B2 (en) * 2019-01-03 2022-07-12 Hyundai Mobis Co., Ltd. Drum brake apparatus for vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1580682A1 (de) 1970-11-05
FR1428552A (fr) 1966-02-18

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