US3354936A - Continuous casting process - Google Patents

Continuous casting process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3354936A
US3354936A US459040A US45904065A US3354936A US 3354936 A US3354936 A US 3354936A US 459040 A US459040 A US 459040A US 45904065 A US45904065 A US 45904065A US 3354936 A US3354936 A US 3354936A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
mold
casting
shape
copper
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Expired - Lifetime
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US459040A
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English (en)
Inventor
Oliver B Atkin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlantic Richfield Co
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Anaconda American Brass Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anaconda American Brass Co filed Critical Anaconda American Brass Co
Priority to US459040A priority Critical patent/US3354936A/en
Priority to GB14813/66A priority patent/GB1091610A/en
Priority to CH713266A priority patent/CH444495A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3354936A publication Critical patent/US3354936A/en
Assigned to ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A PA CORP. reassignment ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A PA CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANACONDA COMPANY THE, A DE CORP
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/141—Plants for continuous casting for vertical casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A continuous casting process for preventing harmful surface deposits on castings commonly produced during the continuous casting of copper metal alloys having as one element a metal of a higher vapor pressure than copper wherein the metal having the high vapor pressure distills from the surface of the hot metal shape after solidification and condenses on the surface of the mold.
  • the metal shape is withdrawn in a first direction toward the exit end of the mold and is then cylindrically stopped and reversed to reabsorb the condensed metal on the reversed portion of the metal shape which is brought into juxtaposition with the condensed metal.
  • This invention relates to a continuous casting process, and more particularly, it relates to the prevention of harmful surface deposits on castings produced by the continuous casting of metal alloys having as 'one element a metal of relatively high vapor pressure which is segregated from the metal during casting and periodically reabsorbed on the surface of the metal shape.
  • the operation of continuously casting metal shapes is initiated by pouring molten metal into a crucible of an assembly for maintaining the metal in its molten state.
  • the crucible has an outlet, usually in the bottom, and has a mold in which the molten metal is shaped and solidified connected to the crucible outlet.
  • the mold is usually open at both of its ends, and as the molten metal solidifies into the metal shape defined by the mold, it contracts away from the walls of the mold and, therefore, can be linearly withdrawn from the mold on a continuous basis.
  • the invention is a method of continuous casting metal shapes wherein molten metal is fed through a chilled mold, solidified within the'rnold and contracted away from the walls of the mold while being continuously fed therethrough.
  • the improvement is in casting alloys which are alloyed with metals of differing vapor pressures so that the metal having the higher vapor pressure distills from the surface of the hot metal shape after solidification and condenses on the surface of the mold within the separation.
  • the process is characterized by withdrawing the metal shape in a first direction toward the exit end of the mold and cyclicaly stopping and reversing the casting direction of the metal shape for a fraction of the time period of withdrawal, reabsorbing the condensed metal onto the reverse-d portion of the metal shape which is brought into juxtaposition with the condensed metal, and withdrawing the metal shape in the first direction again.
  • FIG. 1 is aside elevation partly in section if continuous casting apparatus; and I v FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of apparatus for withdrawing the metal shape being cast and cyclically reversing the direction of withdrawal.
  • the continuous casting apparatus shown in the drawing consists of a crucible 10 which is shown substantially filled with molten metal 11.
  • the crucible is mounted within a holding furnace assembly 12 which is constructed of an outer metal sheet 13 and is lined with a heat insulating material 14.
  • a plurality of burners 15 extend through the side walls of the holding furnace 12 at spaced intervals to supply the necessary heat to the crucible to keep the metal molten.
  • a crucible outlet 16 which leads into an elongated annular furnace opening 17.
  • the annular opening extends through the insulating 3 material 14 and the outer sheet 13 at the bottom of the holding furnace assembly 12.
  • a cooling zone 18 below the crucible outlet is defined in part by a copper cooling block 19 which is supported on a plate 20, and the plate in turn is supported on a pair of threaded bolts 21 which depend from the bottom of the holding furnace assembly 12.
  • the cooling block has a plurality of water passages 22 formed therein so that a coolant such as cold water can be circulated through the block to maintain it cooled during operation.
  • An annular cooling block opening 23 extend axially and completely through the cooling block in co-axial alignment with the crucible outlet 16 and the annular furnace opening 17.
  • a graphite mold 25 Positioned with its marginal inlet end 24 within the crucible outlet and extending through the annular furnace opening 17 and through the annular cooling block opening 23 and in co-axial alignment with the crucible outlet is a graphite mold 25.
  • the mold is held in place in the crucible outlet 16 and the annular furnace opening 17 by a deposit of refractory cement 26.
  • the inlet end 24 of the mold extends above the bottom of the crucible slightly for the reason that this extension will insure that the metal flowing into the mold will not be partially cooled by the crucible bottom; this is particularly important at the start.
  • An intermediate portion 27 of the graphite mold is within the cooling zone and its marginal outlet end 28 extends outwardly from the bottom of the cooling block.
  • the cooling block 19 surrounds a major length of the intermediate portion 27 of the graphite mold and is in heat exchange relationship therewith.
  • an outwardly flared portion 29 which seats in an annular recess 30 provided in the cooling block to retain the mold in the block against longitudinal displacement in the direction of travel of the metal shape passing therethrough.
  • a set of rollers 31 Spaced from the outlet end of the graphite mold are a set of rollers 31 which are powered to withdraw the metal shape from the mold.
  • rollers 31 are shown connected to a common gear arrangement 32 for rotating the rollers together at the same speed and one of the gears is connected to a shaft 33 which is coupled with a reversible motor 34 for driving the rolls in either direction.
  • Motor 34 can have a suitable gear reducer attached to it so that the rollers can be driven in either direction at the relatively slow speeds required for withdrawal of the metal shape.
  • the molten metal is maintained in crucible and the metal is gravity fed through the crucible outlet 16 into the mold 25 where it is cooled and solidified.
  • the mold is kept cold by the cooling block, and as the metal solidifies it solidifies first on the outermost surface and continues to solidify progressively inward.
  • the metal shape will contract away from the walls of the mold leaving a separation between the cast metal shape and the mold walls. It is theorized that upon initially breaking contact with the cool walls of the mold, there is a tendency for the metal shape repeatedly to expand in contact or near contact with the cooled walls of the mold again, at which position the metal shape contracts once again. There is a point at which substantial solidification has occurred leaving a separation between the metal shape and the walls of the mold.
  • the metal distills out from the surface of the metal shape and the metal vapor condenses on the cold walls of the mold where it accumulates until reabsorbed on the surface of metal shape, usually in the form of a brittle surface defect.
  • the alloys which experience this segregation of a metal during casting are copper alloys which are rich in zinc, tin, lead, or even sulfur or tellurium.
  • the metal shape is withdrawn in a first direction toward the exit end of the mold in its normal casting direction for a time period which, dependent upon the alloy being cast, causes some amount of condensation of metallic vapor on the mold wall within the separation but not such an accumulation as will be harmful to the metal casting if reabsorbed on its surface.
  • This time period must be determined empirically, based upon each alloy being cast and the degree of vapor distillation which takes place for a given length of time.
  • the essential feature of the method is, however, that the metal shape is stopped and simultaneously reversed so that a portion of the freshly cast metal shape is brought in juxtaposition with the condensed metal on the mold wall and reabsorption of the condensed metal on the reversed portion on the metal shape takes place.
  • the mold is preferably made of a graphite which has been treated to render it substantially non-porous.
  • Other condense materials can be used provided the distilled metal cannot penetrate the material and they have good thermal conductivity, good rigidity and low thermal expansion.
  • These graphite molds are also characterized by the property that they are not wet by copper alloys and therefore are particularly preferred when this method is used for the casting of copper alloys. It is thought that if the mold can be wet by the alloy (e.g. a metal mold) this periodic reversal of the metal shape will tend to impart physical defects on the surface of the metal shape during reversal.
  • a copper alloy containing 87% copper and 13% zinc was cast at a rate of 13" per minute. It was withdrawn in the casting direction for a time period of 3 seconds, and it was stopped and reversed for a time period of 1 second. This cyclical stopping and reversing effected about A reversal of the metal casting and this was sufiicient to reabsorb the condensed Zone from the cold mold wall.
  • a copper alloy containing 90% copper and 10% tin was cast at a rate of 15" per minute. With this alloy a 20-second time period in the casting direction and a 1 second stopping and reversal period was sufiicient to absorb the condensed tin before any harmful accumulations took place.
  • a copper alloy containing about 99% copper, 1% lead and .10% boron was cast at a rate of 15" per minute with a time period of 10 seconds in the direction of casting and 1 second for stopping and reversal. This effectively removed the condensed lead from the mold walls and reabsorbed it on the surface without causing harmful surface defects.
  • molten metal is fed through a chilled mold, solidified within the mold and contracted away from the walls of the mold while being continuously fed therethrough, the improvement comprising casting copper metal alloys which are alloyed with metals having a higher vapor pressure than copper so that the metal having the higher vapor pressure distills from the surface of the hot metal shape after solidification and condenses on the surface of the mold within the separation formed by said contraction, said mold surface characterized by not said high vapor pressure metal being selected from the being wet by the alloy being cast, withdrawing the metal group consisting of lead, tin or zinc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US459040A 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Continuous casting process Expired - Lifetime US3354936A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US459040A US3354936A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Continuous casting process
GB14813/66A GB1091610A (en) 1965-05-26 1966-04-04 Improvements in continuous casting process
CH713266A CH444495A (fr) 1965-05-26 1966-05-17 Procédé de coulée en continu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US459040A US3354936A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Continuous casting process

Publications (1)

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US3354936A true US3354936A (en) 1967-11-28

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US459040A Expired - Lifetime US3354936A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Continuous casting process

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US (1) US3354936A (fr)
CH (1) CH444495A (fr)
GB (1) GB1091610A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817313A (en) * 1971-01-19 1974-06-18 Davy Ashmore Ltd A method of continuously casting metal
US4211270A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-07-08 Kennecott Copper Corporation Method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4307770A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-12-29 Kennecott Corporation Mold assembly and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
EP0034719B1 (fr) * 1980-01-31 1985-08-07 Kennecott Corporation Procédé et appareil pour la coulée continue de barres métalliques
US4612971A (en) * 1978-07-28 1986-09-23 Kennecott Corporation Method and apparatus for the continuous production of strip using oscillating mold assembly
US4714106A (en) * 1984-07-16 1987-12-22 Mannesmann Ag Method of horizontal continuous casting
US4736789A (en) * 1978-07-28 1988-04-12 Kennecott Corporation Apparatus and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds using an oscillating mold assembly
US4911226A (en) * 1987-08-13 1990-03-27 The Standard Oil Company Method and apparatus for continuously casting strip steel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2740177A (en) * 1953-07-21 1956-04-03 American Smelting Refining Continuous metal casting process
US3290734A (en) * 1963-05-25 1966-12-13 Alfred J Wertli Apparatus for horizontal, continuous metal casting

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2740177A (en) * 1953-07-21 1956-04-03 American Smelting Refining Continuous metal casting process
US3290734A (en) * 1963-05-25 1966-12-13 Alfred J Wertli Apparatus for horizontal, continuous metal casting

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3817313A (en) * 1971-01-19 1974-06-18 Davy Ashmore Ltd A method of continuously casting metal
US4211270A (en) * 1978-07-28 1980-07-08 Kennecott Copper Corporation Method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4307770A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-12-29 Kennecott Corporation Mold assembly and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4612971A (en) * 1978-07-28 1986-09-23 Kennecott Corporation Method and apparatus for the continuous production of strip using oscillating mold assembly
US4736789A (en) * 1978-07-28 1988-04-12 Kennecott Corporation Apparatus and method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds using an oscillating mold assembly
EP0034719B1 (fr) * 1980-01-31 1985-08-07 Kennecott Corporation Procédé et appareil pour la coulée continue de barres métalliques
US4714106A (en) * 1984-07-16 1987-12-22 Mannesmann Ag Method of horizontal continuous casting
US4911226A (en) * 1987-08-13 1990-03-27 The Standard Oil Company Method and apparatus for continuously casting strip steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH444495A (fr) 1967-09-30
GB1091610A (en) 1967-11-22

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, A PA CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ANACONDA COMPANY THE, A DE CORP;REEL/FRAME:003992/0218

Effective date: 19820115