US3365346A - Method for treatment of tow - Google Patents

Method for treatment of tow Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3365346A
US3365346A US329763A US32976363A US3365346A US 3365346 A US3365346 A US 3365346A US 329763 A US329763 A US 329763A US 32976363 A US32976363 A US 32976363A US 3365346 A US3365346 A US 3365346A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tow
additive
roll
rolls
removal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US329763A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Theodore Calvin
Dyer Richard Fairbanks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US329763A priority Critical patent/US3365346A/en
Priority to FR997392A priority patent/FR1416283A/fr
Priority to BE656697A priority patent/BE656697A/xx
Priority to ES0306949A priority patent/ES306949A1/es
Priority to AT1052964A priority patent/AT267388B/de
Priority to NL6414415A priority patent/NL6414415A/xx
Priority to CH1602464A priority patent/CH443103A/fr
Priority to GB50471/64A priority patent/GB1098462A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3365346A publication Critical patent/US3365346A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A24D3/022—Applying additives to filter materials with liquid additives, e.g. application of plasticisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/001—Drying and oxidising yarns, ribbons or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for applying additives to continuous filament tow. More particularly, it relates to a method for applying additives to tow adapted for producing rod-like elements useful in the manufacture of tobacco smoke filters.
  • the selectivity of filtration of tobacco smoke filter elements may often be improved by adding certain materials to the continuous filament tow prior to its compaction into the form of filter rods.
  • the addition of these materials imparts an increased afiinity for certain components of the tobacco smoke which may be displeasing to the smoker.
  • Some of the additives which have been used for this purpose are disclosed by our coworkers in U .8. Patents 2,881,769, 2,940,456, 2,956,329, 3,008,472, 3,008,473 and 3,062,611.
  • Representative of methods which may be used to apply such additives to filter tow are those disclosed by our coworker Touey in U.S.
  • Touey includes a method of applying powder to fibers electrostatically, i.e., by inducing a charge on the fibers by friction or other suitable means and then running the fibers through a chamber containing a highly concentrated dust.
  • One object of this invention is to provide method for applying additives to continuous filament tow. Another object of this invention is to provide a way for adding to filament-filter tow materials which improves the efficiency of filter elements in which said tow is used. Further objects will appear hereinafter.
  • our invention involves applying additive to continuous filament tow from a liquid bath containing a colloidal suspension, emulsion, solution or slurry of the additive.
  • the tow is passed-d through the nip formed between two rolls, the lower of which rotates counterclockwise in the liquid bath.
  • the tow passes first into the liquid bath, then under a roll rotating clockwise in said bath and next, after leaving said liquid bath, through the nip formed between two rolls, the lower of which may be partially immersed in said liquid bath.
  • Our invention further includes additive application in conjunction with drying the tow to remove liquid therefrom thus implementing the penetration of additive therein.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing in flow sheet form depicting the tow treatment from supply of tow to preparation of first plug or filter element product, including additive application stage.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective View showing tow treatment from the time of removal from tow source to introduction to garniture and filter forming means. Application of additive is shown in greater detail in the enlargement of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view again showing treatment of the tow from removal of tow from tow source to introduction to garniture and forming means, in this instance depicting an alternate form of the additive applying and tow drying stages.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view likewise showing treatment of the tow from the step of removal from bale to the step of introduction to garniture, in this instance depicting a further embodiment of the tow drying step and. an alte nate feed roll system comprising pretensioning rolls.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlargement view of the additive applying step shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlargement View of the additive applying embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 the tow is shown in flow sheet form passing through the following stages from supply of tow to formation of product: banding and spreading, additive application, drying, blooming and plug making, tow feed steps being included between each of the major tow treatment steps.
  • a crimped multifilament tow 10 is withdrawn from the supply bale 12 through a banding jet 14 such as described in Jackson 2,737,688 or Dyer et al. 3,081,951, over a stationary or rotatable cylindrical guide 16.
  • the tow may be subjected to a further banding and spreading operation in jet 18 to insure uniform filament distribution across the width of the tow.
  • the tow then is passed between positively driven roll pair 20 and 22. These rolls are forced into a positive nip or bite with each other by suitable fiuid diaphragm or mechanical loading means 24 and 26 such as are thought to be well known in the art and needing no further description herewith.
  • the surfaces of rolls 20 and 22 may be of stainless steel or other non-corrosive metal or one roll may have a metallic surface and the other may be covered with a cylindrical rubber sleeve of suitable chemical resistance and hardness. If desired, both rolls may be rubber covered, or in the alternative a standard cold or hot rolled steel roll or rolls with a chemical-resistant and stick-resistant coating of Teflon or other suitable plastic may be used. Good results have been obtained when top roll 20 is rubber covered and bottom roll 22 is stainless steel. Bottom roll 22 is immersed in a liquid filled trough 28. Additive-containing fluid 30 may be delivered to the trough 28 through feed line 32 by constant volume pump 34 connected to supply tank 36 of liquid additive material by supply line 38. A simple gravity overflow line 40 is provided to maintain a constant liquid level in the trough 28 and return any excess material to the supply tank or pump through return line 40,
  • Bottom roll 22 rotates counterclockwise to pick up a coating of the additive material 30 and apply it to the tow 10 as the tow enters the nip or rolls 20 and 22.
  • the pressure nip of rolls 2%? and 22 serves to squeeze out the eXcess of additive to the desired level of pickup, squeeze and work the additive into and throughout the thickness of the filamentary tow mass to achieve uniform distribution of the additive on all filaments.
  • the tow filaments may also be desirable to form additional crimp in the tow filaments at this point.
  • This may be readily done by providing at least one of the rolls 20 and 22 or both with a resilient compressible rubber covering. When the rolls are pressed toward each other under force in excess of 100 to 1000 pounds per linear unit of roll length, the resilient rubber roll surfaces are deformed and the decrease in the linear speed of the roll surface in the center of the nip causes filament buckling and crimping.
  • the liquid carrier for the additive is a softening agent such as water in the case of cellulose ester tows or an appropriate plasticizer or partial solvent.
  • Conveyor belt 42 carries the tow in a relaxed tensionless state between heat sources 44 and 46 disposed respectively over and beneath conveyor belt 42. These heat sources may be infrared electric heaters, gas heaters, steam lines or hot air ducts as desired. In this zone the liquid carrier is evaporated and any chemical binder present in the additive mixture is cured either partially or completely to band the additive material to the tow filaments.
  • the tow is then removed from conveyor belt 42 by feed roll pairs 48 and 50 and S2 and 54 and passed directly to trumpet or staffer jet 56 and then to the plug maker 58.
  • a common drive for rolls 20 and 22 conveyor belt 42, feed rolls 43, 50, 52 and 54 and plug maker 58 as well as additive pump 34 may be provided, with suitable means for adjusting or changing the speed ratio between the various driven components. It has also been found economical to subject the tow to a filament fiufiing or blooming operation such as described in aforementioned US. Patents 2,794,239 and 3,079,663.
  • FIG. 3 substantially the same steps as shown in FIG. 2 are included with the exception that an alternate form for applying the additive from the liquid bath is shown, as is also an alternate form for drying the tow after application of additive.
  • tow 10 passes under roll 60 immersed in the liquid bath and then passes between the nip formed by rolls 20 and 22, excess additive being removed by so passing between this nip.
  • the tow passes alternately over and under a plurality of upper 62 and lower 64 drying heated drums or rolls.
  • the upper rolls 62 are slightly offset from the lower rolls 64 just sufficiently to allow passage of tow around about twothirds of the surface of each roll.
  • the additive application step of this embodiment may be seen in further detail in the enlargement shown in FIG. 6.
  • tension is applied to the tow 10 by passage between pretension rolls 66 and 68 prior to passage between feed rolls 70 and 72.
  • tow is passed through a box-like oven portion 74 in which it is passed respectively from top to bottom over endless belts 76, 78, S0, 82 and 84 positioned one above another, moving first downstream and then upstream in the reverse direction until it leaves endles belt 82 and moves out of dryer 74, between rolls 52 and 54 and into stuffer jet 56 and garniture or plug maker 58.
  • a binder material such as polyvinyl alcohol or acetate or a cooked starch may be advantageously used to bond the additive particles to the filaments and also to aid in providing the desired rod firmness in final fiter.
  • Example I A denier per filament (d./f.)/80,000 total denier (I D) regular cross section cellulose acetate tow with webby interlace was treated in a set up such as that shown in FIG. 2 of the drawing using a liquid bath of 35% solids of activated charcoal in water.
  • the following table gives the conditions of the run and the properties of filter rods made from this tow.
  • the acetaldehyde, isoprene and tar removal values in this and the following examples were measured by smoking king size (85 mm.) cigarettes of a standard brand available on the retail market in the US. shortened by 13 mm. and with 13 mm. filter rods affixed thereto on a smoking machine similar in design and operation to the smoking machine described by J. A. Bradford, W. R. Harlan and H. R. Hammer in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 28, pp. 836-9 (1936).
  • Example II A 5 d./f./80,000 TD reguiar cross section cellulose acetate tow with webby interlace was treated in a set up similar to that described in FIG. 2 of the drawing using a liquid bath of 25% solids of activated charcoal in water. The following table presents conditions and results.
  • Example III The procedure of Example I was followed with a rice starch liquid bath being substituted for the charcoal bath. Following are the conditions and results of operation.
  • Example V A comparison was made by using equivalent tobacco smoke filter rods made from 5 d./f. 80,000 TD cellulose acetate tow, but without additive and testing for acetaldehyde and isoprene removal. Following are the results.
  • Example V A regenerated cellulose tow such as that of Touey patent application U.S. Ser. No. 185,824, filed April 9, 1962 and now abandoned, was treated as in Example I.
  • the properties of filter rods prepared from this tow were comparable to those of Example I.
  • Example VI A polyethylene tow such as that of US. Patent 2,966,- 157 was treated according to the procedure of Example I and then formed into filter rods. The pressure drop and tow removal of the rods proved satisfactory upon subjection to smoking tests as in Examples I-III.
  • Example VII The procedure of Example I was followed except that rice starch was used as the additive and the tow treated consisted of a styrene polymer tow such as that disclosed in Touey patent application U.S. Ser. No. 279,777, filed May 13, 1963 and now abandoned. Properties of filter rods prepared from this tow compared favorably to those of the rods of Example III.
  • Example VIII The procedure of Example I was followed in applying in place of activated charcoal in water the following composition.
  • Example IX The composition of Example VIII was applied to filter tow according to the process of Example I except that rice starch was used in place of carbon black.
  • Example XI A series of 20 test samples were made using 8 d./f. 64,000 TD cellulose acetate tow or 8 d./f. 48,000 TD tow. The process of FIGURE 2 was used. A water slurry containing 27% of a 325 mesh or finer activated carbon and 5% methyl cellulose, 10 c.p.s. viscosity, binder and 68% water was used. The rods were tested for tar removal in comparison with controls of similar rod weight containing no carbon. Table I summarizes these results. It may be seen that the rods containing finely divided activated carbon exhibited a substantially higher tar removal. Use of 150 mesh or coarser carbon particles failed to give a comparable higher tar removal.
  • a process for the production of tobacco smoke filter elements which comprises withdrawing crimped m-ulti-filament tow from a tow source, banding said tow to a substantially uniform filament distribution across the width of said tow, passing the tow next in contact with a driven roll, said roll being at least partially immersed in a liquid bath of additive, said additive being applied to the surface of said tow as it passes in contact therewith, working additive into said tow to a substantially uniform distribution and removing any excess additive therefrom, next drying the treated tow, thereby removing any liquid therefrom, and, after blooming said tow, compacting the additive-containing tow into the form of tobacco smoke filter elements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
US329763A 1963-12-11 1963-12-11 Method for treatment of tow Expired - Lifetime US3365346A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US329763A US3365346A (en) 1963-12-11 1963-12-11 Method for treatment of tow
FR997392A FR1416283A (fr) 1963-12-11 1964-12-04 Procédé et appareillage pour le traitement d'un ruban de filaments destiné notamment à la confection de filtres à fumée de tabac
BE656697A BE656697A (es) 1963-12-11 1964-12-04
ES0306949A ES306949A1 (es) 1963-12-11 1964-12-10 Un metodo para aplicar un aditivo de particulas solidas a una mecha de filamentos continuos.
AT1052964A AT267388B (de) 1963-12-11 1964-12-11 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Auftragen fester Zusatzstoffteilchen auf ein Fadenbündel
NL6414415A NL6414415A (es) 1963-12-11 1964-12-11
CH1602464A CH443103A (fr) 1963-12-11 1964-12-11 Procédé pour appliquer des particules solides à une filasse et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
GB50471/64A GB1098462A (en) 1963-12-11 1964-12-11 Treatment of tow

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US329763A US3365346A (en) 1963-12-11 1963-12-11 Method for treatment of tow

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3365346A true US3365346A (en) 1968-01-23

Family

ID=23286905

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US329763A Expired - Lifetime US3365346A (en) 1963-12-11 1963-12-11 Method for treatment of tow

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3365346A (es)
AT (1) AT267388B (es)
BE (1) BE656697A (es)
CH (1) CH443103A (es)
ES (1) ES306949A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1098462A (es)
NL (1) NL6414415A (es)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3474616A (en) * 1967-06-29 1969-10-28 Du Pont Product and process
US3993805A (en) * 1972-07-31 1976-11-23 Concorde Fibers Inc. Method of applying liquid finish composition to filaments
US4019942A (en) * 1975-03-12 1977-04-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Maintaining plasticizer temperature in tobacco filter rod formation, and apparatus therefor
US4367249A (en) * 1980-04-17 1983-01-04 Celanese Corporation Process and apparatus for controlling distributing and monitoring liquids
US4610402A (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-09-09 The Boeing Company Filament winding feed system
US5706833A (en) * 1993-07-13 1998-01-13 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Tobacco filters and method of producing the same
US20120199273A1 (en) * 2009-11-19 2012-08-09 Porter Shannon C Method of Making a Pneumatic Innerliner
CN106643071A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-10 南京华阜信息科技有限公司 一种印染纱线的烘干机构

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4322966C2 (de) * 1993-07-09 1995-10-26 Rhodia Ag Rhone Poulenc Aus Celluloseacetat geformte Gebilde und ihre Verwendung als Filtertow und Tabakrauchfilterelement
GB201507269D0 (en) 2015-04-29 2015-06-10 British American Tobacco Co Flavouring component and apparatus and method for manufacturing a flavouring component

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881772A (en) * 1956-02-29 1959-04-14 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filters
US2904050A (en) * 1955-01-05 1959-09-15 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filtering elements
US3019130A (en) * 1958-10-02 1962-01-30 Beloit Iron Works Fluid cushioned coating method and apparatus
US3043736A (en) * 1959-03-02 1962-07-10 Eastman Kodak Co Method for making additive filters
US3098370A (en) * 1955-08-17 1963-07-23 Harmon A Poole Treatment of liquid immersed material
US3099594A (en) * 1960-05-05 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method for blooming filter tow
US3161557A (en) * 1955-04-28 1964-12-15 Paul A Muller Apparatus for making an endless filter string for cigarette filter plugs
US3244544A (en) * 1961-11-21 1966-04-05 Walter G Scharf Method of fabricating prismatic yarn and the resulting product

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904050A (en) * 1955-01-05 1959-09-15 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filtering elements
US3161557A (en) * 1955-04-28 1964-12-15 Paul A Muller Apparatus for making an endless filter string for cigarette filter plugs
US3098370A (en) * 1955-08-17 1963-07-23 Harmon A Poole Treatment of liquid immersed material
US2881772A (en) * 1956-02-29 1959-04-14 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filters
US3019130A (en) * 1958-10-02 1962-01-30 Beloit Iron Works Fluid cushioned coating method and apparatus
US3043736A (en) * 1959-03-02 1962-07-10 Eastman Kodak Co Method for making additive filters
US3099594A (en) * 1960-05-05 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method for blooming filter tow
US3244544A (en) * 1961-11-21 1966-04-05 Walter G Scharf Method of fabricating prismatic yarn and the resulting product

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3474616A (en) * 1967-06-29 1969-10-28 Du Pont Product and process
US3993805A (en) * 1972-07-31 1976-11-23 Concorde Fibers Inc. Method of applying liquid finish composition to filaments
US4019942A (en) * 1975-03-12 1977-04-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Maintaining plasticizer temperature in tobacco filter rod formation, and apparatus therefor
US4367249A (en) * 1980-04-17 1983-01-04 Celanese Corporation Process and apparatus for controlling distributing and monitoring liquids
US4610402A (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-09-09 The Boeing Company Filament winding feed system
US5706833A (en) * 1993-07-13 1998-01-13 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Tobacco filters and method of producing the same
US5947127A (en) * 1993-07-13 1999-09-07 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Tobacco filters and method of producing the same
US20120199273A1 (en) * 2009-11-19 2012-08-09 Porter Shannon C Method of Making a Pneumatic Innerliner
CN106643071A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-10 南京华阜信息科技有限公司 一种印染纱线的烘干机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH443103A (fr) 1967-08-31
AT267388B (de) 1968-12-27
ES306949A1 (es) 1965-05-16
GB1098462A (en) 1968-01-10
BE656697A (es) 1965-04-01
NL6414415A (es) 1965-06-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2881770A (en) Fibrous tobacco smoke filters
US3156016A (en) Tow opening
US2904050A (en) Tobacco smoke filtering elements
US2774680A (en) Process for making aerosol filters
US3311519A (en) Additive filter
US3313306A (en) Stable elongated elements and smoking means incorporating the same
US3365346A (en) Method for treatment of tow
US3849526A (en) Method of making webs of filter material
US4522616A (en) Method and apparatus for forming cigarette filter rods
US3148101A (en) Process for making non-woven batt
US2953838A (en) Tow for use in the production of tobacco smoke filters
US3095632A (en) Method for continuously opening crimped tow
US4007745A (en) Filter
US3224453A (en) Filter cigarettes
US3819435A (en) Process for making cigarette filters from short synthetic fibers
EP0196867A2 (en) Localized liquid additive application system for continuous cylindrical product
US3621764A (en) Method for making filtering material for tobacco products
US3043736A (en) Method for making additive filters
US2881769A (en) Fibrous cigarette filters
US3826177A (en) Apparatus for making filter means
US3354013A (en) Method and apparatus for applying particulate additives to continuous filament tow
US3774508A (en) Apparatus for making filter means
US2815761A (en) Fibrous tobacco smoke filter
US3756253A (en) Cellulose acetate fiber tobacco smoke filter and process of manufacturing the same
US2948282A (en) Fibrous tobacco smoke filter elements