US3370916A - Magnetic materials and process of preparation - Google Patents

Magnetic materials and process of preparation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3370916A
US3370916A US291043A US29104363A US3370916A US 3370916 A US3370916 A US 3370916A US 291043 A US291043 A US 291043A US 29104363 A US29104363 A US 29104363A US 3370916 A US3370916 A US 3370916A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sio
materials
europium
magnetic
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US291043A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Merrill W Shafer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US291043A priority Critical patent/US3370916A/en
Priority to FR978391A priority patent/FR1403176A/fr
Priority to NL6406924A priority patent/NL6406924A/xx
Priority to AT534264A priority patent/AT259243B/de
Priority to CH825764A priority patent/CH449597A/de
Priority to GB26050/64A priority patent/GB1019328A/en
Priority to DEJ26085A priority patent/DE1244134B/de
Priority to SE7728/64A priority patent/SE302645B/xx
Priority to BE649811A priority patent/BE649811A/xx
Priority to DK322764AA priority patent/DK114637B/da
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3370916A publication Critical patent/US3370916A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0311—Compounds
    • H01F1/0313—Oxidic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/20—Silicates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
    • G02F1/0036—Magneto-optical materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/04—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
    • G11C13/06—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam using magneto-optical elements

Definitions

  • Eu (C O Eu(OH) or Eu O may be mixed with SiO and reacted at elevated temperatures in a reducing atmosphere to provide the same europium silicate group.
  • the compositions resulting from the process are europium silicates having the formula Eu SiO where x: 1-3.
  • Magnetic materials generally fall into two classes, those which exhibit cooperative magnetism, and those which do not. Those with the cooperative magnetic effect are the ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic materials.
  • the great majority of the ferromagnetic materials are metals and good electrical conductors, hence, opaque materials.
  • the ferrimagnetic materials can have a range of restivities, but their conduction bands are partially filled and also are opaque for all practical purposes.
  • the antiferromagnetic materials can have unfilled conduction bands, their net magnetic moments are small and consequently have little practical use.
  • insulating ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials is rare since they would require that the conduction band be unfilled and still exhibit a positive interaction involving unpaired electrons. Examples of these materials would be CrBr and Na Fe P
  • the yttrium iron garnets, e.g., Y Fe O and rare earth iron garnets only partially fill these requirements since they are only transparent in very thin sections.
  • It is a further object of the invention to prepare europium silicate magnetic materials having the formula Eu SiO J where x 13 and which are transparent.
  • Another object of the invention is to prepare a paramagnetic material having the fonmula EuSiO Still another object of the invention is to prepare a ferromagnetic material having the formula Eu SiO A still further object of the invention is to prepare a ferromagnetic material having the formula Eu SiO Further, another object of the invention is a magnetooptical device utilizing a crystal of Eu SiO where x: l-3.
  • the drawing is a diagrammatic showing of a magnetooptical device utilizing a europium silicate crystal of the present invention.
  • a single crystal (or crystal section) 1 of a ferroor paramagnetic europium silicate of the present invention is mounted between spaced crossed polarizing filters (i.e., polarizer 2 and analyzer 3).
  • the crystal is placed in a magnetic field (e.g., that produced by an electromagnet 4 or by Helmholtz coils).
  • a light source 5 and a photosensitive cell 6 are so disposed that the light to which the photosensitive cell is exposed is that which originates at the light source and passes successively through polarizer 2, crystal 1 and analyzer 3.
  • the degree of rotation of the plane of polarized light passing through the paramagnetic crystal is dependent upon the magnetic field, the amount and orientation of light originating in the light source and passing through the polarizer and analyzer and crystal to the photosensitive cell can be varied by varying the strength of the magnetic field of the magnet. In the ferromagnetic region, above magnetic saturation, the rotation is independent of the applied magnetic field and the maximum rotation can be obtained.
  • All these europium silicate materials have high Verdets constants even at room temperature because of their high magnetic susceptibility and high degree of transparency. This Verdets constant is higher by a factor of about 10 than that of any previously-known material. As a result of this high Verdets constant, all these europium silicate materials can be used in magneto-optical devices such as laser beam modulators, light switches, etc.
  • the compounds Eu SiO and Eu SiO exhibit a very large Faraday rotation at helium temperature.
  • the new ferromagnetic materials which are insulators, have properties which find application in memory elements, transformer cores,
  • Table I gives the magnetization data showing magnetic 3 susceptibility versus temperature in degree Kelvin for the three europium silicates. The saturation magnetization and Curie temperature data are shown in the right column. All measurements were made using standard techniques.
  • these materials can be prepared by reacting either Eu (C O Eu(OH) or Eu O with SiO in a pure hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures between 15002000 S.
  • the crucible used in preparing these materials is composed of iridium, platinum, or carbon.
  • Example I (Eu SiO 33.6 grams of EuO are intimately mixed with 6.0 grams of SiO This mixture is then placed in an iridium crucible. The crucible was raised to a temperature greater than 800 C. in a pure hydrogen atmosphere and held at that temperature for 24 hours. The crucible was then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 50 C. per minute. The resultant product Eu SiO is a lemon-yellow polycrystalline powder Jlth a Curie temperature of 10 K.
  • Example I! (EuSiO 16.8 grams of EuO are intimately mixed with 6.0 grams of SiO This mixture is then placed in a platinum crucible. The crucible is placed in an oven and the temperature is raised to 1200 C. in a pure argon atmosphere and held at that temperature for 15 hours. The crucible was then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 50 C. per minute. The resultant product EuSiO is a lemon-yellow powder which is paramagnetic down to 136 K.
  • Example 111 (Eu SiO 50.4 grams of EuO and 6.0 grams of SiO are intimately mixed with 6.0 grams of SiO This mixture is placed in a carbon crucible and the crucible is placed in an oven. The temperature was raised to 1600 C. in a pure nitrogen atmosphere and held at that temperature for 12 hours. The resultant product Eu SiO is .a powder with a lemonyellow color and a Curie temperature of 4 K.
  • Example IV (EU2SlO4) 35.2 grams of Eu O are intimately mixed with 6.0 grams of S10 and placed in a carbon crucible. The crucible is laced in an oven and the temperature raised to 1600 C. in a pure hydrogen atmosphere and held at that temperature for 36 hours. The crucible is then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 10 C. per minute. The resultant product are amber-colored crystallites, some of which are large enough that optical and magneto-optical measurements may be made thereon.
  • the devices of the present invention have been described as made up essentially of a crystal containing Eu SiO which is placed in a magnetic field and associated optical instrumentation in order to utilize the Faraday effect. These devices may be manufactured according to the technique known in the art for the manufacture of analogous devices embodying other crystal bodies. The best results are obtained when the specific rotation of the light passing through the crystal varies linearly with the applied magnetic field.
  • the maximum rotation obtainable for this material can be obtained when operated in the ferromagnetic state, i.e., below their Curie temperature 10 K. for Eu SiO and 4 K. for Eu SiO

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
US291043A 1963-06-27 1963-06-27 Magnetic materials and process of preparation Expired - Lifetime US3370916A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US291043A US3370916A (en) 1963-06-27 1963-06-27 Magnetic materials and process of preparation
FR978391A FR1403176A (fr) 1963-06-27 1964-06-16 Substances magnétiques nouvelles et procédé de fabrication
NL6406924A NL6406924A (de) 1963-06-27 1964-06-18
AT534264A AT259243B (de) 1963-06-27 1964-06-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines magnetischen Materials
CH825764A CH449597A (de) 1963-06-27 1964-06-24 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines magnetischen Materials
GB26050/64A GB1019328A (en) 1963-06-27 1964-06-24 Magnetic materials
DEJ26085A DE1244134B (de) 1963-06-27 1964-06-24 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines magnetischen Europiumsilicats
SE7728/64A SE302645B (de) 1963-06-27 1964-06-25
BE649811A BE649811A (de) 1963-06-27 1964-06-26
DK322764AA DK114637B (da) 1963-06-27 1964-06-26 Magnetooptisk materiale, fortrinsvis til anvendelse i magnetooptiske apparater, fremgangsmåde til dets fremstilling samt magnetooptisk apparat, hvori det indgår.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US291043A US3370916A (en) 1963-06-27 1963-06-27 Magnetic materials and process of preparation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3370916A true US3370916A (en) 1968-02-27

Family

ID=23118589

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US291043A Expired - Lifetime US3370916A (en) 1963-06-27 1963-06-27 Magnetic materials and process of preparation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3370916A (de)
AT (1) AT259243B (de)
BE (1) BE649811A (de)
CH (1) CH449597A (de)
DE (1) DE1244134B (de)
DK (1) DK114637B (de)
GB (1) GB1019328A (de)
NL (1) NL6406924A (de)
SE (1) SE302645B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653817A (en) * 1969-06-30 1972-04-04 Zenith Radio Corp Method for preparing a rare earth phosphor
US5760946A (en) * 1994-01-21 1998-06-02 Fujitsu Limited Optical isolator, faraday rotator suitable for use in the same, and laser diode module incorporating the same
US5889609A (en) * 1992-07-31 1999-03-30 Fujitsu Limited Optical attenuator
US6441955B1 (en) 1998-02-27 2002-08-27 Fujitsu Limited Light wavelength-multiplexing systems
US6496300B2 (en) 1998-02-27 2002-12-17 Fujitsu Limited Optical amplifier
SE2150136A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-22 Inst Geochemistry Cas Storage medium with polarized rock thin section substrate, and manufacturing method and use thereof

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2167106C2 (ru) * 1999-06-01 2001-05-20 Егорьевский технологический институт им. Н.М. Бардыгина МГТУ "Станкин" Способ получения гидросиликатов редкоземельных металлов

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3156651A (en) * 1962-03-28 1964-11-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Light transparent ferrimagnetic garnets

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3156651A (en) * 1962-03-28 1964-11-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Light transparent ferrimagnetic garnets

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653817A (en) * 1969-06-30 1972-04-04 Zenith Radio Corp Method for preparing a rare earth phosphor
US5889609A (en) * 1992-07-31 1999-03-30 Fujitsu Limited Optical attenuator
US6018412A (en) * 1992-07-31 2000-01-25 Fujitsu Limited Optical attenuator
US6275323B1 (en) 1992-07-31 2001-08-14 Fujitsu Limited Optical attenuator
US5760946A (en) * 1994-01-21 1998-06-02 Fujitsu Limited Optical isolator, faraday rotator suitable for use in the same, and laser diode module incorporating the same
US6441955B1 (en) 1998-02-27 2002-08-27 Fujitsu Limited Light wavelength-multiplexing systems
US6496300B2 (en) 1998-02-27 2002-12-17 Fujitsu Limited Optical amplifier
US20030025965A1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2003-02-06 Fujitsu Limited Light wavelength-multiplexing systems
US6919987B2 (en) 1998-02-27 2005-07-19 Fujitsu Limited Light wavelength-multiplexing systems
SE2150136A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-22 Inst Geochemistry Cas Storage medium with polarized rock thin section substrate, and manufacturing method and use thereof
SE545947C2 (en) * 2020-05-21 2024-03-19 Inst Geochemistry Cas Use of a storage medium with a polarized rock thin section substrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK114637B (da) 1969-07-21
DE1244134B (de) 1967-07-13
SE302645B (de) 1968-07-29
NL6406924A (de) 1964-12-28
AT259243B (de) 1968-01-10
GB1019328A (en) 1966-02-02
CH449597A (de) 1968-01-15
BE649811A (de) 1964-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Anderson Molecular field model and the magnetization of YIG
Takano et al. Valence state of the Fe ions in Sr1− yLayFeO3
Zhang et al. Evidence for 3dn to 3dn-14s transitions in magnetite and in lithium and magnesium ferrites
Sarkis et al. Magnetic anisotropy of rare-earth—transition-metal compounds
Wolfe et al. Magnetization and Mössbauer effect in single crystal Fe3BO6
Fujii et al. Magnetic properties of single crystals of the system (Fe1− xNix) 2P
Massenet et al. BaVS3, a quasi one dimensional ferromagnet or antiferromagnet depending on stoichiometry
Busch et al. Valency changes in cerium compounds
US3370916A (en) Magnetic materials and process of preparation
Bukrey et al. Mössbauer-effect study of the structure and magnetic properties of the Na 2 O· Li 2 O· B 2 O 3· Fe 2 O 3 glass system
US3399957A (en) Magnetic materials and process of preparation
COLLINS et al. Precipitation and magnetic behavior of Beta NaFeO2 in glasses along the Na2SiO3‐Fe2O3 join
US3376157A (en) Method of preparing transparent ferromagnetic single crystals
US3527577A (en) Magneto-optical materials
Judy Anisotropic Magnetic Resonance and Relaxation in Silicon‐Substituted YIG
US3234494A (en) Ferromagnetic compound and devices including elements thereof
Deeter et al. Crystals and Glasses
Huang et al. Growth and characterization of rare-earth iron garnet single crystals modified by bismuth and ytterbium substituted for yttrium
Watanabe et al. Weak ferromagnetism in β-NaFeO2
US3654162A (en) Ferrimagnetic iron garnet having large faraday effect
Lal et al. Magnetoelectric Effect in Cr 2 O 3 Single Crystal as Studied by Dielectric-Constant Method
Jonker Photomagnetic effects in single-crystal Ru-doped lithium ferrite
Li et al. Structure and magnetic properties of Sm2 (Fe1− x Al x) 17N y compounds
Winterer et al. Paramagnetic hyperfine structure in 151Eu Mossbauer spectra of Eu2+ ions in borate glasses
Krinchik et al. Results of Magneto‐Optical Investigation of Rare‐Earth Iron Garnets