US3372106A - Machine and method for crust piercing and feeding of molten electrolytic baths - Google Patents

Machine and method for crust piercing and feeding of molten electrolytic baths Download PDF

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Publication number
US3372106A
US3372106A US398566A US39856664A US3372106A US 3372106 A US3372106 A US 3372106A US 398566 A US398566 A US 398566A US 39856664 A US39856664 A US 39856664A US 3372106 A US3372106 A US 3372106A
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Prior art keywords
piercing
machine
feeding
hammer
baths
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US398566A
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English (en)
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Chambran Jacques
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Pechiney SA
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Pechiney SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/14—Devices for feeding or crust breaking

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A machine for feeding powdered alumina into molten baths having a crust on the surfaces thereof and through which anodes extend into the baths for the production of aluminum by electrolysis and in which a plurality of such baths are aligned in side by side spaced apart relation, said machine comprising a carriage and means for displacement of the carriage from a starting position to a position in front of the baths, a piercing hammer mounted on the carriage for displacement vertically between raised and lowered positions and means responsive to the resistance to penetration of the hammer through the surface of the bath for initiating the operation of the piercing hammer to form an opening through the crust, a hopper on the carriage for the storage of alumina and means for dis
  • This invention relates to a machine for feeding raw materials to baths for fusion electrolysis and relates more particularly to a machine for use in the production of aluminum by electrolysis to pierce the crusts and to feed powdered ingredients into the molten production bath.
  • the crusts formed on the surfaces of the molten baths of alumina were perforated manually at portions selected by experience by the operators for purposes of gaining access to the interior of the bath for feeding alumina and the like powdered raw materials into the molten bath.
  • the machine comprises in combination a carriage forming a general supporting structure and comprising means which allow it to be displaced in front of the baths in question, the piercing and feeding operations taking place during the displacement; a piercing hammer controlled by a fluid under pressure and mounted on a jack which allows a vertical translatory movement to be imparted to it, the two pieces of apparatus being fed in parallel by the same under pressure fluids so that the hammer does not begin to function until the resistance of the crust arrests the descending translatory movement; an alumina hopper equipped with a dosing receptacle and a valve enabling the contents of the receptacle to be discharged, the hopper being set back from the piercing hammer in the direction of displacement of the machine during the piercing operations; a sequence mechanism, controlled by a time switch, and positioning members of which some are located on the bath to determine the position of the carriage and others on the piercing hammer to determine whether it is in the raised or lowered
  • alumina hopper from a silo provided for the purpose
  • the sequence mechanism also has a supplementary member controlled by an anode known as the pilot anode of the bath, which blocks the alumina-feeding mechanism as soon as the dissolved alumina content of the liquor reaches a value of between 4 and 7 percent, and which frees this mechanism as soon as the content drops to a value between 1.5 and 4 percent.
  • anode known as the pilot anode of the bath
  • each series of electrolytic baths is equipped with two automatic machines located one on each side of the baths.
  • One proceeds with the piercing operation as a function of a definite program whereas the other is kept in reverse to answer summons triggered off by the phenomenon of anodic polarization, known as burning of one of the baths or even by preburning as will be explained hereinafter.
  • the functions of the two machines is reversed after a given period of time or a given number of runs.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram of the piercing cycle in the system of baths with prefired anodes
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the moving portions of the machine embodying features of this invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a digrammatic elevational view showing the winch assembly
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic elevational view of the assembly which includes the pneumatic hammer and means for its control fixed on the framework of the machine;
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic view in elevation of the pneumatic circuit controlling the piercing hammer and the alumina feed;
  • FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a means for feeding alumina
  • FIGURE 7 is a schematic view of a differential doubledbodied jack used to pierce the top of the baths or to carry out the piercing operation in more than two lines in front of the anodes;
  • FIGURE 8 is a diagram which shows the piercing points at the head of a first bath anode
  • FIGURE 9 is a longitudinal diagram which shows the position of the proximity detectors on the machine and their energizing members on the bath and it relates to a series equipped with two machines located on each side of the baths;
  • FIGURES 11 to 25 are partial diagrams of the controlling sequencing apparatus in which the elements are represented by numerals within the range of 500 to 733 and in which the leads are represented by numerals above 1000.
  • FIGURES 11 to 25 the partial diagrams can be connected by joining the leads bearing the same numerals.
  • FIGURE 11 shows the means for signaling the position of the carriage and of the hammer 540.
  • FIGURE 12 shows the starting means 550.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the timing means 560.
  • FIGURE 14 shows the memory of the piercing assembly 570.
  • FIGURE 15 shows the memory of effective piercing 580.
  • FIGURE 16 shows the means controlling unpacking after burning and preburning 590.
  • FIGURE 17 shows the memory of unpacking after burning 600 in which unpacking refers to the elimination of the effect of an anodic polarization.
  • FIGURE 18 shows the generator of the impulse which starts the piercing operation 610.
  • FIGURE 19 shows the memory of the return of the carriage 620.
  • FIGURE 20 illustratesthe record of piercing 630
  • FIGURE 21 shows the counter F 740
  • FIGURE 22 shows the coincidence circuit 660
  • FIGURE 23 shows the pairs counter 670
  • FIGURE 24 shows the record of returns 680
  • FIGURE 25 shows the means controlling the electrical valves and the motors 710.
  • FIGURES 11 to 25 the logical members are represented by conventional signs, since the details of each member are well-known to those skilled in the art.
  • an energizing input that is to say, an input causing a signal to appear at the output of the member
  • a prohibition or blocking input i.e., an input causing the signal to be suppressed at the output of the member
  • a member which recurs frequently in the diagrams is the OR circuit, for example 542 in FIGURE 11. The output of this member emits a signal each time at least one of its inputs in energized.
  • the member is represented by a circle with the inputs ending in a segment of a straight line at a tangent to the circle and the output diametrically opposed to the point of contact of thetangent.
  • the AND circuit occurs frequently, for example 543 in FIGURE 11.
  • the output of this member emits a signal each time all its inputs are energized simultaneously. It is represented by a square or rectangle with the inputs ending at one of its sides and the output or outputs extending from the opposite side.
  • An OR circuit comprising at least one blocking input is sometimes described as an OR-NOT circuit, while an AND circuit, comprising at least one blocking input, is similarly sometimes called an AN-NOT circuit.
  • the operation of the automatic machine is based on a certain number of principles which applicants have established either as a result of experiments accompanied by exact measurements and carried out on industrial baths selected from a series, or as a result of experiments of long duration carried out on entire series of baths. These principles are as follows:
  • the alumina content of the liquor must not be substantially lower than a minimum content of the order of 2 percent;
  • the alumina content of the liquor must not be substantially greater than a maximum content, for example of the order of 7 percent;
  • the crust is pierced and the liquor fed with alumina, preferably in several stages, until the alumina content of the liquor substantially reaches the maximum.
  • the machine according to the invention is suitable to carry out this process or any other process for prevent-ing burns.
  • the machine thereafter operates as follows. In normal operation, if no signal is emitted by the pilot anode, the machine pierces and provisions in a set rhythm slightly faster than the rhythm of normal consumption of alumina. The alumina content of the liquor thus increases and, after a certain number of piercing and feeding operations, reaches the set upper limit. The pilot anode then emits a signal to prohibit feeding. The machine continues to pierce the crust but no longer feeds the bath, and the alumina content of the liquor drops and finally reaches the lower limit. The signal prohibiting feeding is then withdrawn, and feeding with alumina is continued.
  • the piercing of the crust may be discontinuous with the whole of each bath being pierced before the next bath, or continuous with each bath being pierced over a fraction of its length, for example over the length of one anode in the case of multiple-anode baths, prior to the next bath being pierced over the same fraction of its length.
  • Piercing may be carried out in one or more lines, but applicants have found that for present day industrial baths with prefired anodes or anodes of the Soederberg type, the best results are obtained by piercing along two lines.
  • the number of machines used per series of baths depends on the size of the series. In the case of short series with a small number of baths, one machine is sutficient. It will then turn back on itself at the end of the series so as to serve both sides of the series in succession. In the case of series of medium length, two machines Will be used, each serving one side of the series. The turn at the end of the series is thus avoided. In the case of very long series, several machines may be provided on each side.
  • the elementary piercing operation comprises eight piercing points, four points 1, 3, 5, 7 in the front position, i.e., in the vicinity of the anode, and four points 2, 4, 6, 8 in the rear position, i.e., near the wall of the bath.
  • the piercing cycle is repeated in front of each anode.
  • the machine When the machine is being displaced in its working direction and the hammer arrives at right angles to the anode 21 to be pierced, it goes into the front position above the point 1. It descends and strikes as soon as it meets resistance. As soon as the hammer has reached the low position, or if it fails to reach the low position, after a period of time, t it rises again.
  • the hammer passes into the rear position below the point 2, redescends and pierces the crust.
  • the machine starts again, stops, pierces the points 3, then 4, and so on.
  • the machine starts up again in the working direction 20, and either recommences the cycle in front of the following anode 22 in the same bath, in the case of discontinuous piercing, or reaches the following bath and repeats the operation in front of the corresponding anode in the case of continuous piercing.
  • the whole piercing cycle is repeated in front of each anode.
  • the moving part of the machine consists of a frame comprising a tubular frame and an upper frame supporting the controls.
  • the lower part of the tubular frame carries a wheel 111 which freewheels along the floor of the electrolytic workshop, while the upper frame carries two driving wheels 121 and 122 controlled by the motor 124.
  • the upper frame 120 also carries the various pieces of apparatus which will now be described.
  • Fixed on the frame 120 are the winches and their mechanism, the assembly bearing the reference 200 and comprising a winch 210 for a flexible lead 211 bringing the compressed air necessary for the pneumatic controls, and its controlling motor 212.
  • the flexible lead 211- passes over pulleys 213 (not shown in FIGURE 2 for reasons of clarity) and 214.
  • a winch 220 for the electric cable 221 feeds the pieces of apparatus with electricity, and its controlling motor 222.
  • the cable 221 passes below the drum of the winch 210 into a guiding spout 223.
  • the assembly 300 comprising the pneumatic hammer and its control means, the alumina-feeding assembly 400 and the sequence control assembly 500.
  • the assembly consisting of the pneumatic hammer and its control means comprises the hammer proper 301, of which the pick 306 is extended by a rod 307 adapted to slide in a cylindrical space 304 in the body of hammer.
  • This space opens into a compressed air chamber 303, but communication between these two spaces may be interrupted by means of the obturator 305.
  • the rod 307 contains an indentation 308 which restricts the stroke of the pick 306 by means of the bush 309 rigidly fixed to the body of the hammer.
  • the hammer may perform a rising or descending vertical translatory movement by means of a differential jack having two outlets 310, the shaft 311 of which is linked to the upper frame 120 by means of a Cardan suspension 302 (not shown in detail in FIGURE 5), and the body 302 of which is rigidly connected to the piercing hammer 302.
  • the volume 314 of the jack 310 above the small face of the piston 313 is in constant communication with the supply for the general pneumatic circuit 331 fed by the cable 211, while the volume 315 below the large face of the piston communicates with the pneumatic circuit by means of a valve with electrical controls or electric valve 332 also controlling the piercing hammer 301, When the jack 310 is open, the hammer is in the low position.
  • the hammer operates as follows.
  • the electric valve 332 When the electric valve 332 is not energized, the volume 314 is in com- 7 munication with the circuit 331, thus keeping the jack closed. The hammer is in the raised position.
  • the electric valve 332 When the electric valve 332 is energized, the volume 315 is also put into contact with the circuit 331. The force applied to the large face overcomes the force applied to the small face of the piston 313 and the jack opens.
  • the electric valve 332 When the electric valve 332 is energized, the volume 315 is also put into contact with the circuit 331.
  • the force applied to the large face overcomes the force applied to the small face of the piston 313 and the jack opens.
  • the electric valve 332 When the electric valve 332 is not energized, the volume 314 is in com- 7 munication with the circuit 331, thus keeping the jack closed. The hammer is in the raised position.
  • the electric valve 332 When the electric valve 332 is energize
  • the jack 310 may either be rigidly connected to the hammer or independent thereof.
  • the body 312 of the jack 310 carries a plate 533 while the frame 120 carries two devices for detecting the position of the hammer, namely, the raised position detector 516 which is opposite the moving plate when the hammer is in the corresponding position, and the lowered position detector 517 which is opposite the same plate in the corresponding position of the hammer.
  • the two detectors provide references for setting the position of the hammer, the lower position detector cutting oft" the supply of electricity to the electric valve 332 as soon as the hammer comes into the lowered position and thus causing the hammer to move into the raised position.
  • the hammer can take up several inclinations by the action of a differential jack with two outlets 320, in which the shaft 321 of the piston 323 is connected to the body 312 of the jack 310 carrying the hammer by a resilient means such as a spring jack 326 which enables the hammer to take on an inclination greater than that resulting from the position of the jack 321i, and by the action of a lateral force directed towards the axis of the bath.
  • the spring jack 32s may be incorporated in the output shaft 321 of the differential jack 320 as shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the volume 324 of the jack 320 located in front of the piston 323 communicates directly with the general pneumatic circuit 331, while the volume 325 to the rear of the piston 323 communicates with the circuit 331 through the electric valve 333.
  • the body 322 of the jack 320 is fixed onto the tubular frame 111') by means of the jack-holding support 112.
  • the device operates as follows.
  • the electric valve 333 When the electric valve 333 is not energized, only the small face of the piston 323 is fed
  • the jack 321i is closed and the piston is in the rear position.
  • the hammer then pierces a point such as 2, 4, 6 or 8.
  • By means of the jack 326 it can slide along the ramp and scratch the latter.
  • the electric valve 333 When the electric valve 333 is energized, both faces of the piston 323 are fed but the force applied to the large face, i.e., the rear face, overcomes the force ap lied to the small face.
  • the jack 320 opens and the hammer moves into the forward position. It can then pierce a point such as 1, 3, 5 or '7.
  • the hammer is guided in this movement by a hammer guide comprising two blades 341 and 342 of which one end is articulated to the hammer 3111 and the other end to a plate 343 which is fixed to straps 344 articulated at 345 to a support 123 rigidly connected to the upper frame 120.
  • the straps also support the jack 320326 at 346 and possibly a jack 350 which will be described hereinafter. This arrangement gives great flexibility t0 the suspension of the piercing hammer.
  • the alumina feeding assembly 4% comprises a hopper 410, a deformable diaphragm valve 420 and a dosing receptacle 430 of specific capacity.
  • the hopper 410 comprises at least one air guide 411.
  • the function of the guide is to encourage the alumina to pass into the valve 420, and it comprises a cloth or porous slab 413 through which a current of gas is passed, for example a current of air taken from the pneumatic circuit 331.
  • the hopper is completed (FIGURE 6) by a device 414 which shuts oif the inflow of alumina as soon as the hopper is full.
  • the device illustrated comprises a small electric motor 415 driving the propeller 416. When the alumina reaches the level of the propeller, the moveu ment of the latter is braked with the aid of any mechanical or electrical means. This causes a relay controlling an electric valve to close and thus arrests the inflow of alumina. Feeding may be automated by a device 440 comprising the following:
  • the relay 445 is energized by Dll whereas the relay 446 is energized by DPZ but by means of the movable relay 445 contact
  • the movable contact of the relay 446 cts, by means of the lead 1173, on the electric valve (not shown) controlling the discharge of alumina from the silo 447 into the hopper 418.
  • the signal TR transmitted by the lead 1172 constitutes a prohibition in the return memory 620 described hereinafter.
  • the valve 429 comprises a diaphragm 421 behind which compressed air taken from the pneumatic circuit 331 can be sent into the space 422 by means of the electric valve 423.
  • the outer wall of the valve contains a small aperture through which compressed air can fiow. The valve remains thus closed only so long as pressure is applied at 422.
  • the dosing receptacle 431 comprises the bottomless receptacle 431 and the rocking base 432 actuated by the pneumatic jack 433 which is connected to the electric valve 423 in parallel with the valve 420.
  • the feeding device 400 operates as follows. Assuming that the hopper 410 is full, the air guide 411 which is still fed drops the alumina into the bottom of the hopper. When the electromagnet of the electric valve 423 is not energized, the compressed air presses neither into the space 422 in the valve 420 nor into the jack 433. The receptacle 43% is closed, the valve 421) is open, and the receptacle is filled with alumina. When the electromagnet of the electric valve is energized, the compressed air passes both into the space 422 in the valve 420 and into the jack 433. The valve 430 is closed while the dosing receptacle is open. The dose of alumina is discharged onto the electrolytic liquor in the bath above which the machine is standing.
  • the apparatus described enables one side of the electrolytic baths in the series to be pierced longitudinally along two lines and the pierced zones to be fed with alumina following the cycle shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the jack 320 is eliminated.
  • a differential double-bodied pneumatic jack 350 is placed in series with the jack 320.
  • the jack 351) comprises two jack bodies 351 and 352 separated by a wall 353, and two pistons 354 and 355.
  • the shaft 356 of the first piston is connected to the jack 320, while the shaft 357 of the second piston is connected to the holding support 112 fixed to the frame.
  • the two outer chambers 353 and 359 of the two jack bodies are permanently connected to the general pneumatic circuit 331, and the two inner chambers 360 and 361 of these two bodies are connected to the same circuit 331 by means of two electric valves 352 and 363, respectively.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
US398566A 1963-09-24 1964-09-23 Machine and method for crust piercing and feeding of molten electrolytic baths Expired - Lifetime US3372106A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR948473A FR1526766A (fr) 1963-09-24 1963-09-24 Machine automatique pour le piquage et l'alimentation des cuves d'électrolyse ignée

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US398566A Expired - Lifetime US3372106A (en) 1963-09-24 1964-09-23 Machine and method for crust piercing and feeding of molten electrolytic baths

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US (1) US3372106A (fr)
AT (1) AT267201B (fr)
BE (1) BE653487A (fr)
CH (1) CH442767A (fr)
DE (1) DE1275285B (fr)
ES (1) ES304300A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1526766A (fr)
GB (1) GB1064372A (fr)
LU (1) LU47001A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6411077A (fr)
OA (1) OA00324A (fr)
SE (1) SE326837B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4437964A (en) 1982-05-27 1984-03-20 Aluminium Pechiney Assembly for spot feeding alumina to an electrolytic tank for the production of aluminum
US20110067999A1 (en) * 2008-05-27 2011-03-24 Northeastern University Engineering and Research Institute Co., Ltd. 400kA HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY REDUCTION POT

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH645677A5 (de) * 1979-08-28 1984-10-15 Alusuisse Vorrichtung zum beschicken von elektrolysezellen und verfahren zu deren betrieb.
CH644156A5 (de) * 1979-09-10 1984-07-13 Alusuisse Vorrichtung zur bedienung von elektrolyseoefen.
US5378326A (en) * 1993-06-11 1995-01-03 Kumera Oy Feeding method and device for aluminum electrolysis
RU2128248C1 (ru) * 1997-04-15 1999-03-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Братский алюминиевый завод" Устройство для разрушения корки электролита (варианты)
DE102008010175B4 (de) * 2008-02-20 2011-08-25 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 System für reduzierten Druckluftverbrauch in metallurgischer Industrie
CN107497793B (zh) * 2017-09-30 2024-03-12 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 一种铝槽打壳锤头超声振动清洗装置及方法
FR3093737B1 (fr) 2019-03-14 2023-02-24 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd Dispositif de manutention destiné à convoyer un outil d’intervention sur une cuve d’électrolyse.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3186927A (en) * 1959-04-24 1965-06-01 Montedison Spa Process and apparatus for the continuous feeding of electrolytic aluminum cells
US3216918A (en) * 1959-09-03 1965-11-09 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Machine for picking and distributing aluminum oxide into electrolytic cells
US3317413A (en) * 1963-09-23 1967-05-02 Pechiney Cie De Produits Control of alumina content during igneous electrolysis

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423787A (en) * 1944-11-01 1947-07-08 Aluminum Co Of America Crust breaking apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3186927A (en) * 1959-04-24 1965-06-01 Montedison Spa Process and apparatus for the continuous feeding of electrolytic aluminum cells
US3216918A (en) * 1959-09-03 1965-11-09 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Machine for picking and distributing aluminum oxide into electrolytic cells
US3317413A (en) * 1963-09-23 1967-05-02 Pechiney Cie De Produits Control of alumina content during igneous electrolysis

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4437964A (en) 1982-05-27 1984-03-20 Aluminium Pechiney Assembly for spot feeding alumina to an electrolytic tank for the production of aluminum
US20110067999A1 (en) * 2008-05-27 2011-03-24 Northeastern University Engineering and Research Institute Co., Ltd. 400kA HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY REDUCTION POT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE326837B (fr) 1970-08-03
ES304300A1 (es) 1965-03-16
DE1275285B (de) 1968-08-14
NL6411077A (fr) 1965-03-25
LU47001A1 (fr) 1965-03-23
GB1064372A (en) 1967-04-05
AT267201B (de) 1968-12-27
BE653487A (fr) 1965-03-24
FR1526766A (fr) 1968-05-31
CH442767A (fr) 1967-08-31
OA00324A (fr) 1966-05-15

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