US3375103A - Alloyed cast iron - Google Patents
Alloyed cast iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3375103A US3375103A US414906A US41490664A US3375103A US 3375103 A US3375103 A US 3375103A US 414906 A US414906 A US 414906A US 41490664 A US41490664 A US 41490664A US 3375103 A US3375103 A US 3375103A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cast iron
- iron
- gray cast
- content
- gray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 39
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 52
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004709 CaSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 M11 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005475 siliconizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved alloyed cast iron, preferably alloyed gray cast iron.
- alpha (a) assumes a value of approximately 1.05 10- for a gray cast iron produced under normal conditions (cf. A. Collaud, lecture given during the International Foundry Congress in Zurich, Switzerland, 1960).
- inoculants By employing different treating processes, for instance, by the addition of inoculants, it is possible to obtain higher value of alpha (or), that is, with given values of E and A to increase the tensile strength, so that alpha (or) can be considered a quality characteristic.
- Another important object of this invention is to produce a gray cast iron of improved properties.
- This alloy also possesses the good casting properties of a conventional cast iron.
- the manganese content should be reduced as much as possible, or, better still, completely avoided; however, such as not possible becouse the manganese has the function of completely or partially binding the present sulphur because it is an exceptionally strong carbide stabilizer.
- the following rule of thumb is known:
- preferably 3 sulphur percent still possesses a toughness which lies above that of conventional gray cast iron, in addition thereto, however, possesses an increased wearibility and hardness with concurrent good workability.
- alloyed cast irons the analysis of which indicates a Mn/S-ratio beneath 5:1 still correspond to those with a ratio of above 5:1, they are, therefore, also alloyed cast irons with maximum toughness.
- a pig iron suitable especially for the purpose of the present invention it is possible, for example, to start from a pig iron suitable especially for the purpose of the present invention and to correct such to the desired terminal analysis in a suitable, preferably electrically-heated furnace having a slag blanket or a furnace cover in order to completely enclose the furnace proper.
- a tough gray cast iron produced according to the present invention can be employed in the as-cast condition as well as also after a heat-treatment.
- the element should not possess any or only a weak carbide stabilizing effect, since otherwise the silicon content must be increased.
- the element should be completely soluble n the range of use in the iron also in solid condition, without forming a bond and should possess a lattice constant similar to iron (2.87 A.), so that there is considerably avoided a distortion of the ferrite lattice.
- a certain quantity of silicon is required for the gray solidification of tough gray cast iron, even if such quantity is smaller than in comparison with conventional gray cast iron.
- silicon embrittles the iron; it has a lattice ,constant of 5.43 A.
- gray solidification is also enhanced by nickel, even if only approximately one-third as intensive as with silicon. It is possible, therefore, to produce a tough gray cast iron which instead of, for example, -1.0% Si contains approximately 2.4% Ni and only 0.2% Si.
- tough gray cast iron according-to the invention is not characterized by tensile strength, hardness and modulus of elasticity, rather by its dynamic and static energy of fracture as *Well as its impact modulus, the values of which are 2 to 3 times higher thanthose of a commercial gray iron of good quality.
- Striking examples for the useful application of the improved heat conductivity in combination with the actual exceptional toughness of the tough gray cast iron in comparison to conventional cast iron are the production of iron molds, rollers, special steel mill cast iron molds and rolling mill rollers. It was already desirable for some time to replace the previously employed hematite casting by a material possessing greater toughness, in order that such would be in a position to reduce thermal stresses by plastic deformation.
- the high heat conductivity of the tough gray cast iron prevents the appearance of thermal stresses and the good toughness is sufficient to reduce stresses still appearing without, however, being so great that it is necessary to fear a change of form.
- the cast iron molds of steel mills generally possess approximately the following analysis: C, 3.2/ 3.8%; Si, 1.5/2.2%; Mn, O.5/1.2%; P, 0.15%; S, 0.10%; they would be cast from a tough gray cast iron with the following composition:
- EXAMPLE 7 There will subsequently be given an example of an alloy before and after inoculation in which there is provided a high nickel content and instead a lower silicon content. As the table clearly points out, the mechanical properties in the as-cast condition are excellent.
- the carbon content of the cast iron hereof can generally range from about 2.5 to about 3. 8 percent.
- An alloyed gray cast iron for use as a workpiece for cast pieces with lamellar graphite formation, great toughness and high heat conductivity in the cast condition consisting essentially of:
- An alloyed cast iron according to claim 1 wherein an alloying element selected from the group consisting of nickel in an amount of from about 0.5% to 1 percent and molybdenum in an amount of from about 0.5 to 1% and mixtures thereof is added to the alloyed cast iron in order to further increase the strength of said alloyed cast iron.
- An alloyed cast iron according to claim 4 wherein at least a portion of the silicon content of the alloyed cast iron is replaced by nickel in a ratio of approximately 3 parts nickel to 1 part silicon replaced.
- An alloyed cast iron according to claim 1 wherein an alloying element selected from the group consisting of nickel in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 1% and molybdenum in an amount of from about 0.2% to about 0.6%, and mixtures thereof is added to the alloyed cast iron in order to further increase the strength of said alloyed cast iron as well as the heat resistance thereof.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1489163 | 1963-12-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3375103A true US3375103A (en) | 1968-03-26 |
Family
ID=4404606
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US414906A Expired - Lifetime US3375103A (en) | 1963-12-04 | 1964-11-30 | Alloyed cast iron |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3375103A (de) |
| JP (2) | JPS5021416B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | AT271533B (de) |
| BE (1) | BE656638A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1250643C2 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1417489A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1094856A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL6413931A (de) |
| SE (1) | SE7409044L (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014107897A1 (de) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-17 | Fritz Winter Eisengiesserei Gmbh & Co. Kg | Gusseisenwerkstoff mit lamellarem Graphit und optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1948246A (en) * | 1930-10-02 | 1934-02-20 | William H Seaman | Metal roll |
| US2245876A (en) * | 1940-02-15 | 1941-06-17 | Nat Malleable & Steel Castings | Malleable iron process |
| US2324322A (en) * | 1940-05-30 | 1943-07-13 | Int Nickel Co | High quality cast iron |
| GB721717A (en) * | 1951-09-12 | 1955-01-12 | Air Reduction | Improvements in cast irons and the manufacture thereof |
| US2796373A (en) * | 1954-02-05 | 1957-06-18 | Oeverums Bruk Ab | Method of forming malleableized iron castings |
| US3055756A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1962-09-25 | Crane Co | Yttrium containing ferrous products and methods for preparing same |
-
0
- DE DENDAT1250643D patent/DE1250643C2/de not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-11-27 AT AT1002064A patent/AT271533B/de active
- 1964-11-30 US US414906A patent/US3375103A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-12-01 FR FR997006A patent/FR1417489A/fr not_active Expired
- 1964-12-01 NL NL6413931A patent/NL6413931A/xx unknown
- 1964-12-04 JP JP39068164A patent/JPS5021416B1/ja active Pending
- 1964-12-04 GB GB49557/64A patent/GB1094856A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-12-04 BE BE656638D patent/BE656638A/xx unknown
-
1973
- 1973-07-03 JP JP48074969A patent/JPS5249610B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-07-09 SE SE7409044A patent/SE7409044L/xx unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1948246A (en) * | 1930-10-02 | 1934-02-20 | William H Seaman | Metal roll |
| US2245876A (en) * | 1940-02-15 | 1941-06-17 | Nat Malleable & Steel Castings | Malleable iron process |
| US2324322A (en) * | 1940-05-30 | 1943-07-13 | Int Nickel Co | High quality cast iron |
| GB721717A (en) * | 1951-09-12 | 1955-01-12 | Air Reduction | Improvements in cast irons and the manufacture thereof |
| US2796373A (en) * | 1954-02-05 | 1957-06-18 | Oeverums Bruk Ab | Method of forming malleableized iron castings |
| US3055756A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1962-09-25 | Crane Co | Yttrium containing ferrous products and methods for preparing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1094856A (en) | 1967-12-13 |
| JPS5021416A (de) | 1975-03-07 |
| FR1417489A (fr) | 1965-11-12 |
| NL6413931A (de) | 1965-06-07 |
| SE7409044L (sv) | 1974-07-09 |
| JPS5249610B2 (de) | 1977-12-19 |
| DE1250643B (de) | |
| DE1250643C2 (de) | 1973-07-19 |
| BE656638A (de) | 1965-04-01 |
| JPS5021416B1 (de) | 1975-07-23 |
| AT271533B (de) | 1969-06-10 |
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