US3375607A - Briquette for growing of plants - Google Patents

Briquette for growing of plants Download PDF

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Publication number
US3375607A
US3375607A US607990A US60799067A US3375607A US 3375607 A US3375607 A US 3375607A US 607990 A US607990 A US 607990A US 60799067 A US60799067 A US 60799067A US 3375607 A US3375607 A US 3375607A
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United States
Prior art keywords
briquette
sleeve
growth medium
compressed
plant
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US607990A
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English (en)
Inventor
Melvold Odd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ME KOX IND
Me-Kox Industri Melvold & Koxvold
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ME KOX IND
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form

Definitions

  • a briquette of a compressed plant growth medium (e.g. peat moss) which expands when contacted by water to a porous loose material of increased volume is enclosed within a sleeve of water-resistant material which is collapsed against the briquette to provide a reduced external size for shipmentand storage, but which is expansible to an internal volume at least as great as the increased volume of the growth medium for use in starting and growing plants.
  • the sleeve can consist of a plastic netting which is compressed against the briquette and forms a shaped unit.
  • the briquette and sleeve will expand as much as five to six times from storage to use condition.
  • the present invention can utilize a briquette of the known type, but which is modified so that it will retain its shape after watering and swelling and thereby avoid the use of a container such as a flower pot.
  • a comparatively hard pressed briquette is manufactured, containing the necessary nutritional matter and growth promotion agents for plants, the briquette when being watered, swelling to a common pot shape or to a block of a desired shape, and constituting a complete pot filled with earth and nutritional matter in which the planting immediately may be made, the pot keeping its form for later setting out in the open.
  • this is achieved by providing a known growth medium composed of substances suitable as growth medium which may contain nutritional matter for the plant and which will expand or swell when water is added, with a shape defining body which may be a mesh, lattice or grid which extends around the medium or may be in the form of a sleeve surrounding the medium.
  • the shape defining body may be made from synthetic plastic materials (such as nylon) or similar materials in the form of nets, so that the roots easily will penetrate the measures of the net, or the net may be made from materials (for example rayon) or other compositions which in addition may serve as nutrition for the plants, but the material must be resistant to water to retain the expanded growth medium.
  • the growth medium may comprise only peat moss which is compressed to the desired extent as this material when adding water, will absorb same and swell to the desired porosity for the growth medium.
  • the peat moss may also be admixed with other materials; such as nutritional matter for the plants, and also with materials for increasing the porosity, for example porous perlite, i.e. perlite heated to make it light and porous.
  • the medium may also consist of a mixture of rich soil and peat moss together with nutritional matter.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic side elevational view illustrating the beginning of the compressing step in forming a preferred assembly of the plant growth means and pot means;
  • FIGURE 2 is aside elevational view of the same assembly after the completion of the compressing step
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the compressed, unitary mesh sleeve and peat moss briquette in its fully compressed condition for storage and shipment;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective side elevational view showing the same assembly in fully expanded condition with a plant growing therein;
  • FIGURE 5 is a top plan view of a further embodiment of the present invention wherein the compressed briquettes are received within connected envelopes of pockets;
  • FIGURE 6 is a perspective view illustrating how the compressed briquettes in the embodiment of FIG. 5 can be contacted with water;
  • FIGURE 7 is a top plan view of the same embodiment with the growth medium expandedand ready for use;
  • FIGURE 8 is a top plan view of two of the units of the embodiment of FIG. 7 illustrating how the units may be separated for planting in the ground;
  • FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of one of the units of the same embodiment showing a plant growing therein;
  • FIGURE 10 is a perspective view of a box or flat con- 3 taining the plurality of the assemblies of the same embodiment
  • FIGURE 11 is a perspective view of still another embodiment wherein a plurality of the expansible briquettes are employed with each expansible pot means, the briquettes being shown in their compacted condition while the sleeve pot is shown partially expanded;
  • FIGURE 12 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 11 after the expansion of the briquettes to fill the sleeve pot with the growth medium;
  • FIGURE 13 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the invention, the assembly being shown in collapsed condition;
  • FIGURE 14 is a top plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 13;
  • FIGURE 15 is a side elevational view of the same embodiment as FIGS. 13 and 14, except that the growth medium and mesh sleeve are shown in expanded condition;
  • FIGURE 16 illustrates briquette assemblies, such as those of FIG. 13 mounted on a continuous strip, the briquettes being shown in collapsed condition;
  • FIGURE 17 is a side elevational view of the same embodiment as FIG. 16, except that the briquette assemblies are shown in expanded condition;
  • FIGURE 18 is a perspective view of a tray unit upon which a plurality of the briquette assemblies, such as those of FIGS. 1 to 4, are mounted to facilitate handling;
  • FIGURE 19 is a perspective view of a pan unit adapted for holding a plurality of the briquette assemblies, such as the assemblies of FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the plant growth means is preferably in the form of at least one hard, compacted briquette having side walls adapted to extend vertically.
  • the briquette is preferably composed essentially of a compressed plant growth medium, such as peat moss, which expand-s when contacted by water to provide a porous loose material of increased volume suitable for starting and growing plants.
  • the improvement of the present invention particularly comprises in combination with the expansible briquette of the character described, a collapsible-expansible pot means including sleeve means of flexible water-resistant material enclosing the briquette around at least its side walls.
  • the sleeve means is collapsed against the briquette to provide an assembly of reduced external size.
  • the sleeve means is expansible to provide an internal volume at least as great as the increased volume of the growth medium on being contacted with water.
  • the pot means is constructed so as to permit access to the upper portion of expanded growth medium for planting while effectively retaining the medium therein for plant growth.
  • the sleeve means 10 is formed of plastic sheet material, such as a thermoplastic material, including nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene, etc.
  • plastic sheet material 10 is perforated, or more specifically, it consists of a netting providing mesh-type perforations.
  • netting can be formed from filaments by weaving or knitting, or the mesh structure can be formed from thermoplastic sheet material by a slitting and stretching procedure somewhat analogous to the procedure for forming expanded metal.
  • a piece of the plastic netting 10 can be formed into a tube or sleeve having a lapped heat-sealed seam 11 extending vertically along one side.
  • the bottom of the sleeve or tube 10 can then be closed by heat-sealing procedure, and the pocket thus formed filled with the growth medium in a loose, uncompressed condition.
  • the top of the sleeve can then be closed, and sealed by heat-sealing.
  • the sleeve 10 contain- 4 ing the growth medium 12 may then be compressed between suitable dies, suchv as the diagrammatically illustrated dies 13 and 14.
  • the dies can be brought together to compress the growth medium while at the same time collapsing and compressing the net sleeve therearound.
  • the sleeve and briquette form a shaped unit, as shown more clearly in FIG. 3.
  • the upper die member 13 may be provided with a downwardly extending central projection 13, which is designed to form a recess in the top of the compressed assembly, as indicated at 15 in FIGS..2 and 3.
  • the central upper portion of the mesh sleeve 10 has been cut away in alignment with the recess 15, thereby facilitating access to the upper portion of the growth medium on expansion, as indicated in FIG. 4.
  • the side wall portions of the sleeve will slightly pucker, while being forced against the sides of the lbriquette, as indicated at 1011 in FIG. 3.
  • the upper surface, as well as the lower surface, which is not shown, will have puckers or pleated portions 10b, which may be formed either before or during the compression, and can include heat-sealed portions for retaining the growth medium at the top and bottom of the sleeve.
  • the growth medium is formed primarily of peat to its original volume, and will therefore be capable of expanding a comparable amount, such as anexpan sion of the order of at least of about five to six times its compressed volume. This is indicated by comparing FIG. 3 with FIG. 4. Not only does the mesh sleeve 10 expand with the growth medium 12, but its perforated structure permits the roots of the plant to grow out through the sides and bottom thereof. In FIG. 4, there is shown a plant P growing in the medium 12, with roots R extending through the cape-retaining sleeve 10.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 While the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 is desirable for starting and growing flowers and vegetables, other embodiments may have advantages for particular applications.
  • the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 10 is particularly adapted for starting and growing trees. Since tree seedlings must be kept under greenhouse conditions for relatively long periods of time before being planted outdoors in the soil, it is desirable to provide units for this purpose which can be used to raise the seedlings for periods as long as a year to two years. Since the units must eventually be separated for planting, it is desirable to substantially preclude cross root growth between the units, thereby facilitating the separation and planting of the units.
  • the units consist of plastic sleeves designated generally by the number 16 having compressed elongated briquettes 17 therein.
  • the units consist of plastic sleeves designated generally by the number 16 having compressed elongated briquettes 17 therein.
  • the sleeves or tube 16 are connected by vertically extending web portions 18.
  • the connected series of sleeve 16 can be formed from two sheets 16a and 16b of a suitable thermoplastic, such as polyethylene, which is heat-sealed portions at the web portions 18, preferably, as shown, along two horizontally spaced, vertically-e tending lines 18a and 18b.
  • the sleeves 16 are partially expanded. It will be understood,however, that for purpose of shipment and storage, the sleeve 16 .will he collapsed about the briquette 17. Then when it is desired to use the planting units, they may be immersed in water while remaining connected, as illustrated somewhat diagrammatically in FIG. 6. As there shown, a pan P is partially filled with water W, and the connected sleeves 16 are placed in or passed slowly through the water with the briquette 17 therein. The water can enter the sleeves 16 through their open tops 19, and also through the drainage opening 20 provided in the bottom thereof.
  • the fully expanded sleeve 16 with expanded growth medium 17 therein is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the connected sleeves 16 can be stored in a fiat or container, such as the container C shown in FIG. 10.
  • tree seedlings T can be grown in the units. When it is desired to plant the units, they can be cut apart at the webs 18, preferably between the heatseal lines 18a and 1811, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The resulting unit with the tree ready for planting will appear as shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 Still another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. This is particularly adapted for use with large plants such as rose bushes.
  • a sleeve type container 21 having an open top 22 and a closed bottom 23 can be formed from suitable thermoplastic sheet material, such as polyethylene.
  • the container 21 can be formed from one or more pieces of the plastic material, the separate pieces being united by suitable seams or heat seals as indicated at 24 in FIG. 11.
  • the sleeve container 21 is partially expanded for purpose of illustration, although it will be understood that it will be stored and shipped in collapsed condition, as with the previous embodiments.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 The principal difference between the embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 and the embodiments already described is that a plurality of the compressed briquettes are provided within each container. As illustrated, two elongated vertically-extending briquettes 25 are received within the sleeve container 21. With this form of the invention, the roots of a large plant, such as a rose bush, can be inserted within the sleeve container 21 between the briquettes 25. On adding water to the container, the briquettes will expand as indicated in FIG. 12, thereby substantially filling the container 21 and enclosing the roots of the plant, with the rose bush or other large plant being centered within the container.
  • a large plant such as a rose bush
  • the reference number 101 refers to a sheet of cardboard, paper, synthetic foil or any other similar material
  • 102 is the compressed growth medium
  • 103 refers to a sleeve of a net of synthetic fibers, for example nylon.
  • FIG. 15 shows how the net 103 will follow and define the shape of the expanded briquette so that the assembly is held together and can be handled.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 disclose similar briquette assemblies 104, 105, 106 on a common base 107.
  • FIG. 17 shows the same briquettes after watering.
  • the briquettes of FIGS. 1317 can be manufactured in numerous ways, but a very simple matter will be to place a nylon net in the form of a sleeve open at both ends, on a base plate, for example by means of adhesive, Whereatfer the sleeve is filled with the desired growth medium up to the height of the expanded block, whereafter the sleeve and growth medium is placed in a press and compressed with a suitable pressure to the briquette which then will be complete and ready for distribution and use by the consumers.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 there is shown an extension and modification of the embodiments of FIGS. 16 and 17.
  • Compressed assemblies such as those of FIG. 3 can be supported on a tray 200, as shown in FIG. 18, or in a pan 201, as shown in FIG. 19.
  • the tray 200 can be provided with hand grips 202 to facilitate handling, and may have rows of openings 203.
  • the openings 203 are of smaller diameter than the diameter of the compressed briquette assemblies A.
  • One of the briquette assemblies can therefore be centered over each of the openings 203, as illustrated, and the bottom of the assemblies adhesively attached, as by heat-sealing or by use of a suitable ad-. hesive, to the upper surface of the tray 200.
  • the tray When the tray has been filled with the briquette assemblies A, it can then be immersed in water, causing the assemblies to expand to planting condition, as illustrated by the row of the assemblies shown in phantom. During the raising of the plants, they can be handled as a unit while remaining on the tray 200. When it is desired to plant the individual plants, the assemblies A can be detached from the tray 200. If portions of the bottoms of the assemblies are torn loose in this operation, this does not present any difficulty where the assemblies are being planted promptly, as would be expected.
  • the bottom of the tray 200 is provided with rows of openings 204.
  • Each of the openings 204 is located between a pair of upwardly projecting retainer tabs 205, the tabs being spaced apart so as to snugly receive and frictionally engage the compressed assemblies A.
  • the assemblies may therefore be readily inserted to fill the bottom of the tray.
  • the tray can then be immersed in water to cause the assemblies to expand to the condition indicated in phantom in FIG. 19.
  • the assemblies with the plants therein can be readily removed by simply pulling them out from between the tabs 205.
  • a sleeve of knitted nylon fibre is attached for example by gluing to a small cardboard piece, and the sleeve is filled with a mixture consisting of of a compound of peat moss and nutritional matter and 20% expanded perlite.
  • the peat moss is of a moisture content of circa 15%.
  • the now filled sleeve is placed in a press and compressed with a pressure of circa 60 kg./cm. The result is a briquette which is hard and solid, and will resist any stress and strains it may be subjected to during wrapping, distribution and unwrapping.
  • Such briquettes are easy to handle when they are to be placed in frames, hot houses and the like, preferably on a plastic sheet, whereafter they simultaneously are sprayed with water until they have swollen to the desired porosity, whereafter the planting in these blocks may follow immediately. After the watering, the water will partly evaporate and partly be consumed by the plants so that an ordinary moisture content is obtained, and the blocks will then be lighter and sufficiently compact to be handled and set out in the open. The blocks must, however, be watered in the usual way to enable the plants to grow under the correct conditions.
  • EXAMPLE 1r Briquette assemblies are prepared as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. Ground Sphagnum peat moss dried to a moisture content of 18-20% by weight is combined with 6 kg. of dolomitic lime and 2 kg. of mixed fertilizers (NPK 11.5- 5-145) per 300 kg. of peat. Small quantities of metal salts providing trace minerals can also be added, the peat moss and other ingredients being thoroughly mixed to assure a uniform distribution. No binder for the peat moss is needed.
  • the mesh sleeves are formed from plastic net sheet stock which is a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene. The sleeves are filled with the peat mossfertilizer mix, the filled sleeves before compression having a diameter of about cm. and a height of about 8 cm.
  • Sufficient compressive force is applied to the assembly to reduce its height and volume to about of the original, thereby obtaining a hard, integrated assembly of the plastic net and the peat moss briquette. While the amount of force can vary, usually a compressive force of about 20,000 kg. per briquette is sufficient.
  • the resulting briquette assemblies will remain compressed for handling, shipping, and storage. On being immersed in water, they will expand rapidly, usually about five to ten minutes being sufiicient for completion of expansion to five to six times the compressed height and volume. The pot assemblies are then ready for use in starting and growing plants.
  • pot assemblies produced as described have many advantages. No soil preparation or soil disinfection is required, and the plants are assured a high quality growing medium, including the exact requirements of fertilizers and trace minerals.
  • the briquette assemblies Prior to use, the briquette assemblies occupy minimum storage space, being easy to store and handle. They are also cleaner and more convenient to use than pots which must be filled with the growth medium.
  • the moisture content can range from to 22%, and particularly advantageous results are obtained in the range of 18 to 20% moisture.
  • the growth medium may also consist of other materials, the main body being of a composition which will not expand or swell significantly when water is added, for example ordinary rich soil to which compounds giving off gas when in contact with water may be added.
  • a mixture of dry sodium bicarbonate and dry citric acid must be referred to, as such a compound when water is added, will give off carbon dioxide and therefore expand the body which will be porous.
  • a lattice which extends throughout the medium and which is expansible while shape-defining or shape-retaining, can be used.
  • a lattice may for instance consist of a substance forming large or small open pores filled with growth medium.
  • Peat moss may for instance be mixed with a synthetic resin which can be foamed by blowing agents or the resin and peat moss may be beaten to a foam wherein the pores are filled with peat moss I and the walls are hardened in a known manner. When the walls are resilient this mass can be compressed to hard briquettes which later, after watering, can be used as growth medium without a pot or other container.
  • the peat moss medium may also be mixed with a binder which is not water soluble after setting, using such a small amount of the binder that the peat moss particles are glued together without being penetrated completely by the binder, so that the peat moss still will be adapted to absorb water and swell, while the separate particles are bound together by glue or binder.
  • a spongelike mass may be formed, consisting of a natural or artificial substance, for instance cellulose which constitutes the sponge body itself, the pores thereof being filled with peat moss and/or other growth medium.
  • This mass which may be in the shape of bars or loose mass or in the shape of large sheets, may thereafter be compressed to the desired briquettes as separate pots or as larger sheets which may be provided with score lines for later division when the formed potswith plants are to be eparated.
  • the lattice bonding the growthmediurn may also be formed of a thread-like structure, such as a lattice which will be formed by heating, for instance, latex which sets in a thread-like form distributed throughout the mass and adapted to keep the wet expanded body together.
  • said sheet material consists of netting providing mesh-type perforations, said netting in its collapsed condition being compressed against said briquette thereby forming a shaped unit therewith and wherein said expansible plant growth medium is composed substantially entirely of sphagnum peat moss.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
US607990A 1964-05-26 1967-01-09 Briquette for growing of plants Expired - Lifetime US3375607A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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NO15339964 1964-05-26

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DE (1) DE1290760B (da)
DK (1) DK123621B (da)
FI (1) FI40426B (da)
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NL (1) NL139192B (da)

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Also Published As

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FI40426B (da) 1968-09-30
GB1106094A (en) 1968-03-13
NL6505759A (da) 1965-11-29
DK123621B (da) 1972-07-17
DE1290760B (de) 1969-03-13
NL139192B (nl) 1973-06-15

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