US3378693A - Impulse sender for the drive of timing devices, preferably automatic permanent calendars - Google Patents

Impulse sender for the drive of timing devices, preferably automatic permanent calendars Download PDF

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Publication number
US3378693A
US3378693A US473799A US47379965A US3378693A US 3378693 A US3378693 A US 3378693A US 473799 A US473799 A US 473799A US 47379965 A US47379965 A US 47379965A US 3378693 A US3378693 A US 3378693A
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United States
Prior art keywords
impulse
condenser
resistance
drive
timing devices
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Expired - Lifetime
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US473799A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schmidt Karl Wilhelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gebrueder Schmidt Metallwarenfabrik
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Gebrueder Schmidt Metallwarenfabrik
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
    • G04F5/10—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using electric or electronic resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C17/00—Indicating the time optically by electric means
    • G04C17/005—Indicating the time optically by electric means by discs
    • G04C17/0058—Indicating the time optically by electric means by discs with date indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/067—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
    • H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
    • H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
    • H03K3/282—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator astable
    • H03K3/2826—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator astable using two active transistors of the complementary type
    • H03K3/2828—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator astable using two active transistors of the complementary type in an asymmetrical circuit configuration

Definitions

  • This effect is caused by the rising of the inner resistance of an aging battery.
  • a stabilization of the source of current by, for instance, a Zener diode cannot be tolerated, due to the continuous current consumption of such arrangement.
  • an impulse sender for the drive of timing devices, preferably automatic permanent calendars, wherein the battery with its variable inner resistance is separated from the time indicator during the impulse duration and the time indicator is driven by a condenser charged during the impulse spacing.
  • the time indicator is independent from the inner resistance of the battery.
  • FIGURE 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional multivibrator circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a revised multivibrator circuit designed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the circuit diagram disclosed in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is still another embodiment of the circuit diagram disclosed in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a mechanical drive of the time indicator
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a stepwise operated motor with a switching amplifier
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a step-switching device for operation by means of a working contact of a relay;
  • FIG. 8 is a part of the circuit disclosing the flow of current during the impulse duration.
  • FIG. 9 is a part of the circuit disclosing the flow of current during the impulse spacing.
  • the impulse sender comprises a multivibrator circuit, known in the prior art, wherein a battery 1 charges a resistance R over the emitter-collector conductance of the transistor T and the base-emitter conductance of the transistor T charges the condenser C.
  • a battery 1 charges a resistance R over the emitter-collector conductance of the transistor T and the base-emitter conductance of the transistor T charges the condenser C.
  • the impulse duration becomes longer, how ever, the impulse spacing becomes appreciably much shorter.
  • the increasing inner resistance is added to the resistance R during the impulse duration. Due to this fact, the frequency of the impulses increases.
  • a stabilization of the source of current by, for instance, a Zener diode, is prohibitive, due to the continuous current consumption of such arrangement.
  • a circuit is disclosed in which the battery 1' with its variable inner resistance is separated from the time indicator during the impulse duration, and the time indicator is driven by the condenser C charged during the impulse spacing.
  • the condenser C is charged over the outer resistance R and the diode D during the impulse spacing. It now the multivibrator switches over, the transistor T is connected through. The battery voltage is in operative connection with R The collector of the transistor T is rendered positive. By this arrangement the diode D switches off the condenser C from the battery voltage. The charge of the condenser C takes place over the emitter-collector conductance of the transistor T and the resistances NTC, R and R on the one hand, and over the base-emitter conductance of the transistor T by the condenser C on the other hand.
  • the battery 1' feeds now merely the outer resistance R,,, while the members R NTC, R C R and R are fed from the condenser C
  • Such arrangement if operated, for example, with a frequency of one impulse per minute, as a clock, results in a deviation of less than one minute per day.
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of the circuit is disclosed, in which for the purpose of economy the diode D is replaced by a relay R which is formed as a break contact and separates the voltage source from the condenser C during the impulse duration.
  • the time condenser C can be charged from the condenser C only.
  • Electronic or mechanical switches can be replaced also by an ohmic resistance, which is to be dimensioned such that the discharge of the feeding condenser C through this ohmic resistance is small during the impulse duration relative to the discharge of the feeding condenser C to the time condenser C
  • ohmic resistance R is disclosed.
  • the time constant for the charge of the condenser C should be shorter than that of the members C R and R While in the circuit disclosed in FIG.
  • a diode D has been shown as a switch, it is to be understood that the diode D can be replaced by a transistor, in spite of the greater expense, a four-layered diode or a controllable rectifier, as a silicium rectifier.
  • R can constitute a relay for the impulses or a particular outer resistance.
  • the transistor T of the time indicator can constitute either a relay for the direct mechanical drive of the step-by-step switch, as indicated in FIG. 3 of the drawings, or an ohmic outer resistance to operate as a switching amplifier for a larger output. In case of the use of a relay with two switching contacts, one of the switching contacts is used as a make contact for a drive of greater output and the other of the switching contacts is used as a break contact for separating the condenser C from the source of current.
  • NTC is a resistance having a negative temperature coetficient, while the resistance R, is a linearizing resistance for the temperature curve of this resistance and serves the adjustment of the temperature condition of the multivibrator.
  • the exact dimensions depend upon the used parts, as transistors and condensers.
  • FIG. 5 discloses an application of the device, designed in accordance with the present invention, wherein the relay R,, of FIGS. 1 to 4 for the direct mechanical drive of a gear 2 of a time indicator (not shown), meshing with a pawl 3 which is operated by a pivoted armature 4 of the relay R is disclosed.
  • FIG. 6 discloses another application of the device, wherein a step-by-step motor 5 is operated by the relay R over a switch amplifier.
  • FIG. 7 discloses still another application of the device, wherein a step-by-step switch is operated by a make contact 6 of the relay R while a break contact 7 is used for separation of the condenser C
  • the adjustable resistance NTC must be dimensioned such that the desired time interval can easily be preset, as an upper limit thereof, and the tolerances of the structural elements can still be balanced, as a lower limit thereof. Any inner resistances of the P and N transistors are balanced out roughly by the corresponding election of the resistance R; and finely by the variable resistance R
  • the dimensions of the respective elements disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 4 are given, by example, for impulse spacing of one minute.
  • FIG. 8 indicates quite clearly the current flow during the impulse duration showing the charging of the condenser C from the condenser C while FIG. 9 indicates the current flow during the impulse spacing disclosing the discharging of the time condenser C over the resistances R and R and the charging of the condenser C by means of the switch S.
  • An impulse sender for the drive of timing devices comprising a multivibrator including a voltage source and an outer resistance disposed in series,
  • switching means disposed in series with said condenser for separating said condenser from said voltage source during the impulse duration, and charging said time condenser from said condenser.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Predetermined Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
US473799A 1964-07-25 1965-07-21 Impulse sender for the drive of timing devices, preferably automatic permanent calendars Expired - Lifetime US3378693A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DESCH35527A DE1205141B (de) 1964-07-25 1964-07-25 Multivibrator mit zwei komplementaeren Transistoren

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3378693A true US3378693A (en) 1968-04-16

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ID=7433521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US473799A Expired - Lifetime US3378693A (en) 1964-07-25 1965-07-21 Impulse sender for the drive of timing devices, preferably automatic permanent calendars

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3378693A (de)
CH (1) CH522911A (de)
DE (1) DE1205141B (de)
FR (1) FR1438751A (de)
GB (1) GB1114745A (de)
NL (1) NL6507732A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423600A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-01-21 Northern Electric Co Time relay and pulse generator circuit
US3466506A (en) * 1967-05-03 1969-09-09 Gen Time Corp Pulse generator for periodically energizing a timer solenoid
FR2027868A1 (de) * 1969-01-07 1970-10-02 Gen Time Corp
US3560769A (en) * 1967-05-09 1971-02-02 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Sequential flasher
US3560767A (en) * 1968-03-23 1971-02-02 Grundig Emv Delay circuit arrangement
US3590269A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-29 Telefunken Patent Pulse generator
US3684895A (en) * 1971-02-19 1972-08-15 Andrew C Edelson Circuit for controlling the duration of an interval between sound signals
US3689832A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-09-05 Western Technical Products Inc Resistance tester for producing an audible tone that varies with the resistance
FR2220923A1 (en) * 1974-05-07 1974-10-04 Bicosa Recherches Time measurement clocks or watches - uses determined freq. periodic signal generator and D.C. supply source
US3971389A (en) * 1975-06-26 1976-07-27 Research Company Pacemaker low current pulse generator
US6083524A (en) * 1996-09-23 2000-07-04 Focal, Inc. Polymerizable biodegradable polymers including carbonate or dioxanone linkages

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1240763B (de) * 1965-12-15 1967-05-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Blinkleuchte, insbesondere transportable Blinkwarnleuchte zum Hinweis auf im Verkehrinfolge Betriebsunfaehigkeit liegengebliebene Fahrzeuge
DE1290962B (de) * 1967-05-30 1969-03-20 Telefunken Patent Astabiler Rechteckimpulsgenerator, insbesondere fuer einen Herzschrittmacher
DE1279078C2 (de) * 1967-07-28 1973-02-08 Telefunken Patent Impulsgenerator mit einem durch ein zeitbestimmendes Glied an seiner Basis angesteuerten Transistor
DE2951976C2 (de) * 1979-12-22 1985-07-11 Walter Ing.(Grad.) 8728 Hassfurt Voll Elektrische Installationseinrichtung
CN103595261B (zh) * 2013-10-31 2016-01-20 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 电源多路切换系统
CN105634456A (zh) * 2014-10-28 2016-06-01 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 多路施密特电源切换系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735009A (en) * 1956-02-14 harry
US2752511A (en) * 1950-07-31 1956-06-26 British Telecomm Res Ltd Electrical timing circuits
US3074028A (en) * 1961-06-19 1963-01-15 Robert A Mammano Long-period relaxation oscillator
US3306030A (en) * 1967-02-28 Electronic time registering device
US3329907A (en) * 1964-11-06 1967-07-04 Ibm Multi-frequency relaxation oscillator and timing circuit

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2735009A (en) * 1956-02-14 harry
US3306030A (en) * 1967-02-28 Electronic time registering device
US2752511A (en) * 1950-07-31 1956-06-26 British Telecomm Res Ltd Electrical timing circuits
US3074028A (en) * 1961-06-19 1963-01-15 Robert A Mammano Long-period relaxation oscillator
US3329907A (en) * 1964-11-06 1967-07-04 Ibm Multi-frequency relaxation oscillator and timing circuit

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423600A (en) * 1966-08-31 1969-01-21 Northern Electric Co Time relay and pulse generator circuit
US3466506A (en) * 1967-05-03 1969-09-09 Gen Time Corp Pulse generator for periodically energizing a timer solenoid
US3560769A (en) * 1967-05-09 1971-02-02 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Sequential flasher
US3560767A (en) * 1968-03-23 1971-02-02 Grundig Emv Delay circuit arrangement
US3590269A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-29 Telefunken Patent Pulse generator
FR2027868A1 (de) * 1969-01-07 1970-10-02 Gen Time Corp
US3689832A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-09-05 Western Technical Products Inc Resistance tester for producing an audible tone that varies with the resistance
US3684895A (en) * 1971-02-19 1972-08-15 Andrew C Edelson Circuit for controlling the duration of an interval between sound signals
FR2220923A1 (en) * 1974-05-07 1974-10-04 Bicosa Recherches Time measurement clocks or watches - uses determined freq. periodic signal generator and D.C. supply source
US3971389A (en) * 1975-06-26 1976-07-27 Research Company Pacemaker low current pulse generator
US6083524A (en) * 1996-09-23 2000-07-04 Focal, Inc. Polymerizable biodegradable polymers including carbonate or dioxanone linkages

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1205141B (de) 1965-11-18
CH522911A (de) 1972-06-30
GB1114745A (en) 1968-05-22
FR1438751A (fr) 1966-05-13
CH936965A4 (de) 1968-03-15
NL6507732A (de) 1966-01-26

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