Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
  • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
  • D01D5/23—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool by asymmetrical cooling of filaments, threads, or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2924—Composite
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
  • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

• ABSCT CF THE DISCLOSURE Our present invention relates to synthetic-resin filaments and fibers and, more particularly, to fibers consisting of vinylic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and copolymers thereof.
• synthetic-resin fibers for textile purposes has, as is well-known, been sharply limited by the fact that resinous filaments and fibers are generally so straight as to be incapable of forming staple, thread and the like for knitting and weaving.
• synthetic-resin filaments as produced have not been practical substitutes for naturally occurring fibers such as those of wool and cotton and have not been capable of sustaining conventional textile treatments such as carding, spinning, weaving etc. because of the lack of waviness of the fiber or filament. It has thus been proposed heretofore to treat synthetic-resin fibers in such manner as to impart to them a succession of crimps, undulations or bends which give the filaments some of the characteristics of natural fibers with respect to subsequent textile treatment.
• a synthetic-resin filament emerging from an aperture of a spinneret is normally smooth, straight and continuous and is, subsequent to emergence, subjected to deformation in any of several ways under such proposals.
• the object is to permanently deform the filaments but yet permit it to have resilient characteristics so that, upon tensioning, it can be stretched but subsequently returns to its original condition.
• Crimping has been carried out heretofore by mechanical bending of the filaments, the crimps being substantially coplanar so that a three-dimensional deformation was not obtainable.
• the filaments were provided with planar undulations and set by a heat-treatment, the deformations frequently were nonpermane-nt in the sense that they disappeared even in subsequent textile processing (e.g.
• the principal object of the present invention to provide a polyvinyl-chloride filament and textile fiber having characteristics approaching those of natural fibers and three-dimensional deformation which is relatively permanent.
• Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method of making a filament or fiber of the character described.
• a further object of this invention is to provide a crimped fiber and method of making same whereby the crimping, subsequent to its formation, is restorable even after temporary elimination of the deformation.
• the filament or staple of the instant invention is, consequently, a composite fiber of high syndiotactic index Whose cross-section shows at least two distinct and mutually adjacent zones of polymers of different syndiotactic index and thermal shrinkage but, neverthless, with each syndiotactic index greater than 1.6.
• a convenient way of insuring the production of polymers having excellent compatibility is to carry out the polymerization reaction as indicated above, in similar processes except at different temperatures within the indicated range.
• syndiotactic index or index of syndiotacticity is used to define the stereoregularity of a polymer and is determined, as described by Burgleigh in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (volume 82, page 749) as the infrared-absorption ratios at the IR bands D635 and D692 cur- The ratio of the intensities at these bands can be evaluated by dissolving the polymers in cyclohexanone at 120 C. to obtain a solution from 0.8 to 1% by weight of the polymer, cooling the solution rapidly, and evaporating it in vacuo at 50 C. mm. Hg) on a flat glass surface to yield a film having a thickness of 30 microns.
• the IR analysis can be carried out by conventional spectrophotometry e.g. via a Perkin-Elmer 21 spectrophotometer having a double radius and a potassium bromide prism.
• the utility of the syndiotactic index is based upon the discovery that the bands D635 and D692 cm? are absorbed by the syndiotactic configuration of the polymer and the isotactic or atactic configuration, respectively, in amounts essentially proportional to the relative ratio of these configurations in the polymer.
• the index thus constitutes a measure of the stereo-regularity of a polyvinyl chloride.
• the composite fiber must have at least two distinct and mutu ally adjacent sections of polymers of different syndiotacticity and thermal shrinkage, the zones being more or less equal in cross-sectional area.
• the zones can he, therefore, sector-shaped or generally cylindrical with the two polymers being coaxial rather than radially side by side along a diametrical plane.
• the filament is produced by extruding the two vinyl-chloride polymers through the same orifice of a spinneret or the like and thereafter subjecting the filament to a thermal treatment capable of shrinking the polymers difierentially to produce a spiral or helicoidal deformation that is resilient, sable and uniform and which, even upon extension of the filament to reduce the clamp, is retrievable by subsequent treatment.
• the resulting filament has an excellent workability and is suitable for use with conventional textile machines and thereby yield yarns having considerable bulk, a high covering capacity and a particularly advantageous softness.
• the differential shrinkage of the filament (with reference to the shrinkage of the two polymers) must be at least 1% and preferably should be greater than 2%.
• the fiber or filament should be stretched in a conventional manner subsequent to extrusion and prior to or concurrently with thermal treatment with a stretch ratio ranging between substantially 1:4 to 1:10 and prefer-ably from 1:6 to 1:8.
• the shrinkage of filaments composed of polymers having difierent syndiotactic indices is demonstrated in the following table in which we show the polymerization temperature of the polymer and its shrinkage in boiling water.
• the polymers are produced by the same process with the exception of the polymerization temperature (e.-g. by any of the methods described for vinyl-chloride polymerization or copolymerization ni commonly owned application Ser. No. 386,061, filed July 29, 1964, and entitled, Process and Catalytic Composition for the Solution Polymerization of Vinylically Unsaturated Monomers.
• the fibers consisted of homopolymers of vinyl chloride with the filaments being produced by wet spining from a solution of cyclohexanone extruded into a coagulating bath (in the usual manner) consisting of a mixture of cyclohexanone, ethyl alcohol and water.
• the filaments are stretched in boiling water with a ratio of 1:8 (i.e. length prior to stretching:stretched length).
• the two polymers of different syndiotactics are extruded from a common orifice as respective spinning solutions having substantially identical absolute viscosities.
• the differential shrinkage should be at least 1% and preferably greater than 2%, which corresponds to a temperature diflFerence of at least 5 C. with respect to the polymerization temperature for polymers having a high syndiotactic index.
• the polymers having a temperature of polymerization above about 0 C. are not characterized by the high syndiotacticity with which the present invention is concerned. In general, however, it may be stated that one of the polymers of the composite should have a polymerization temperature between substantially 30 C. and -50 C.
• one of the polymers of a composite is produced at 40 C. while the other is produced at a temperature of -15 C.
• the crimping may disappear during susequent treatment as a result of stretching and tension, it reappears and is fully restored by subsequent heat treatment during, for example, a standard textile treatment (e.g. hot dyeing) or by a simple boiling or heating treatment specially provided (at the original crimping temperature, for example).
• a permanent and restoring crimping may be achieved by a single heat treatment or by a plurality of alternate stretchings and beatings depending upon the degree of crimping desired and the type of crimp.
• the two polymer components can be disposed side by side so that every cross-sectionv is a cross-section through continuous layers of both components, the shelland-core arrangement being also suitable. While reference to polymerization of vinyl chlorides and their c0- polymers (containing at least by weight vinyl chloride) is intended to encompass all methods involving the low-temperature production of such compounds with high syndiotactic index (above 1.6), specific mention is made of the techniques and system described in the commonly owned copending application Ser. No. 386.061 filed July 29, 1964.
• Spinning of the polymer can be effected by any conventional technique, e.g. by wet or dry spinning for example as described in application Ser. No. 269,257, filed April 1, 1963, of the present applicants.
• the composite fibres thus obtained have all of the advantages characteristic of polymers having a high syndiotactic index and possess, for example, a high tenacity (greater than 2.5 gr./den.), a shrinkage in boiling water of less than 2% after crimping, high resistance to organic dry-cleaning solvents (e.g. trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene) and dyeability with disperse dyes at boiling temperatures.
• a filament or fiber produced in accordance with the present invention will have continuous layers or sections extending the full length of the filament and constituting at least part of the cross-section at any point along the length so that each component forms at least part of any cross-section of the filament.
• the filaments, threads or fibers will, moreover, have a three-dimensiona1 (e.g. helical) crimping and at least three undulations/cm, a tenacity greater than about 2.5 gr./den., a shrinkage in boiling water after crimping less than about 2%, and a shrinkage in trichloroethylene at 40 C. of less than 1%.
• the intrinsic viscosity 1 is a measure of the molecular weight of a polymer in accordance with the expression where n is the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer (measured at 25 C.) for a polymer solution of 1% in cyclohexanone, Mn being the average molecular weight of the polymer.
• EXAMPLE 1 100 parts by weight of polyvinylchloride of high syndiotactic index, obtained by polymerizing vinyl chloride at -40 C. in accordance with application Ser. No. 386,061 and having an intrinsic viscosity 1 :1.3 gr./dl., are dissolved at 135 C. with stirring over a period of 30 minutes in 450 parts by weight of cyclohexanone.
• the two solutions thus obtained have about the same absolute viscosity of 50 poises at 130 C. and are fed to a spinneret having 80 holes with a diameter of 150 so that equal quantities of the two polymers are supplied to each orifice.
• the extruded filaments are coagulated in a suitable coagulating bath in a conventional manner, the bath consisting of cyclohexanone, ethyl alcohol and water. After coagulation, the skein of filaments thus obtained is washed, stretched with a stretch ratio of 1:7, sized and dried under tension at a temperature between substantially 120 C. and 130 C.
• the continuous filament thus obtained shows:
• the two solutions were drawn in equal quantities through a spinneret with 20 orifices of 250 ,u diameter.
• the extruded filaments were stretched with a stretch ratio of 1:6.
• the filament thus obtained showed:
• a process for producing polyvinyl-chloride filaments for textile purposes comprising the steps of extruding at least two polyvinyl-chloride solutions of vinylchloride polymers of different syndiotactic indices through a common orifice to produce a continuous filament any cross-section of which consists at least in part of each of said polymers, both of said polymers having a syndiotactic index in excess of substantially 1.6; stretching said filament, and heating said filament to differentially shrink the polymers constituting same and producing a three-dimensional deformation of said filament.
• a composite filament consisting of at least two continuous sections of different vinyl-chloride polymers whose syndiotactic indices are above substantially 1.6 but are ditferent from 'one another, each cross-section of said filament being composed at least in part by one of said polymers, said filament being three-dimensionally deformed and having at least three undulations per cm. of length, a tenacity greater than about 2.5 'gr./den., a shrinkage in boiling Water of less than about 2% and a shrinkage in a trichloroethylene at 40 C. of less than 1%.
• each of said vinyl-chloride polymers consists of at least 85% by weight of vinyl chloride, said polymers having a ditferential shrinkage of at least 1% upon heating to a temperature sufficient to cause permanent three-dimensional deformation of said filament.
• a filament as defined in claim 13 wherein said vinyl-chloride polymers are produced by similar polymerizations at diiferent temperatures between substantially 0 C. and 60 C.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=11216851

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (2)

Citations (1)

• 1964
  • 1964-12-04 NL NL646414158A patent/NL140015B/xx unknown
  • 1964-12-07 BE BE656778A patent/BE656778A/xx unknown
  • 1964-12-07 US US416591A patent/US3388031A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1964-12-07 AT AT1035864A patent/AT285023B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1964-12-07 DE DE1964A0047797 patent/DE1494544A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1964-12-07 IL IL22578A patent/IL22578A/xx unknown
  • 1964-12-11 CH CH1603864A patent/CH463693A/de unknown
  • 1964-12-14 GB GB50733/64A patent/GB1040879A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (1)

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