Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
  • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
  • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
  • C08G59/50—Amines
  • C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/372—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing etherified or esterified hydroxy groups ; Polyethers of low molecular weight
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S524/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
  • Y10S524/91—Antistatic compositions
  • Y10S524/911—Composition to apply to a substrate to be destaticized
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
  • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
  • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester

Definitions

• This invention relates to synthetic fibers having thereon an antistatic finish which minimizes the accumulation of charges of static electricity during normal use and finishing operations. More particularly, this invention relates to treated synthetic fibers which process readily through the usual operations of textile manufacture without the application of special processing agents and which have a resistance to the accumulation of static electricity which is not lost after repeating washings.
• Synthetic fibers are at a distinct disadvantage when compared with natural fibers in one respect for synthetic fibers have the tendency to collect static electrical charges during the manufacture and wearing thereof. Finished synthetic textile fabrics fail to drape like cotton or wool due to the accumulation of the static charges thereon and have a tendency to cling uncomfortably to the wearer. The static charges also attract dust and lint to the fabric. It is well known in the art that polyamides are effective temporary antistatic agents but lack durability when washed and have the tendency to impart undesirable characteristics to the fiber to which they are applied, such as, unpleasant hand, discoloration and the like.
• Amine/epoxy compositions are known to be elfective adhesives and may be used for cementing together not only similar materials but such dissimilar materials such as metals, wood, fabric, glass, and rubber.
• a polyamine/ epoxy composition of the prior art was applied in an aqueous suspension in a known manner to an acrylic fiber during the spinning operation, there was an extreme buildup of the polymerized polyamine/ epoxy material on the curing roll surfaces. Individual filaments were cemented together in bundles and the cementing of some of the filaments to the roll surfaces resulted in many broken filaments and wholly unsatisfactory spinning results.
• an object of this invention is to provide a novel process and composition of matter which will impart antistatic protection to a synthetic, hydrophobic 3,395,107 Patented July 30, 1968 ice shaped structure without causing objectionable changes in the properties thereof.
• Another object of this invention is to provide a process which will continuously impart durable antistatic protection to a synthetic textile fiber during the manufacture thereof.
• a further object of this invention is to provide a synthetic fiber having a durable antistatic finish which is acceptable to the cottom system for textile processing without further treatment.
• a synthetic textile fiber is provided with durable antistatic properties by continuously associating the fiber during the spinning thereof with an aqueous polyamine/epoxy composition which also contains a third ingredient.
• the polyamine/epoxy molecule carries a plus charge due to the presence of a quaternary ammonium group on the end thereof. This aids the oxygen and nitrogen atoms, which are present in the long-chain molecule, in the conduction of static electrical charges.
• the third ingredient mentioned prevents the filaments from sticking together during the spinning thereof and from adhering to the textile machinery.
• the use of these antistatic agents effects improvements in the characteristics of acrylonitrile polymers and articles produced therefrom.
• the invention is applicable not only to polyacrylonitrile, but also to copolymers, interpolymers and blends thereof, particularly those containing at least percent by weight of polymerized or copolymerized acrylonitrile.
• Such polymeric materials include acrylonitrile fiber-forming polymers with readily dyeable basic copolymers, the blend having an overall polymerized acrylonitrile content of at least 80 percent by weight.
• the polymer may be a copolymer of from 80 to '98 percent of acrylonitrile and from 2 to 20 percent of another copolymerizable mono-olefinic monomer.
• Suitable copolymerizable mono-olefinic monomers include acrylic, alphachloroacrylic and methacrylic acids, the acrylates, such as methylmethacrylate, ethylmethacrylate, butylmethacrylate, methoxymethyl methacrylate, beta-chloroethyl methacrylate, and the corresponding esters of acrylic and .alpha-chloroacrylic acids; vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene chloride, 1- chloro 1 bromoethylene; methacrylonitrile; acrylamide and methacrylarnide; alpha-chloroacrylamide, or monoalkyl substitution products thereof; methyl vinyl ketone; vinyl carboxylates, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl propionate
• the polymer can be a ternary interpolymer for example, products obtained by the interpolymerization of acrylonitrile and two or more of any of the monomers, other than acrylonitrile, enumerated above. More specifically, and preferably, the ternary polymers contain from 80 to 98 percent of acrylonitrile, from 1 to 10 percent of a vinylpyridine or a l-vinylimidazole, and from 1 to 18 3 percent of another copolymerizable mono-olefinic substance, such as methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, methylmethacrylate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and the like.
• the polymer can also be a blend of polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer of from 80 to 99 percent acrylonitrile and from 1 to 20 percent of at least one other mono-olefinic copolymerizable monomeric substance with from two to fifty percent of the weight of the blend of a copolymer of from 30 to 90 percent of a vinyl substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine and from to 70 percent of at least one other mono-olefinic copolymerizable monomer.
• the polymeric material when it comprises a blend, it will be a blend of from 80 to 99 percent of a copolymer of 80 to 98 percent acrylonitrile and from 2 to precent of another mono-olefinic monomer, such as vinyl acetate, which is not receptive to dyestutf, with from 1 to 20 percent of a copolymer of from 30 to 90 percent of a vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine such as a vinylpyridine, a l-vinyiimidazole, or a vinyl lactam, and from 10 to 70 percent of acrylonitrile to give a dyeable blend having an overall vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine content of from 2 to 10 percent, based on the weight of the blend.
• another mono-olefinic monomer such as vinyl acetate, which is not receptive to dyestutf
• the preferred polymers employed in the instant invention are those containing at least 80 percent acrylonitrile, generally recognized as the fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, it will be understood that the invention is likewise applicable to polymers containing less than 80 percent of acrylonitrile. Polymers containing less than 80 percent acrylonitrile are useful in forming fibers, lacquers, coating compositions and molded articles.
• Such a fiber may be formed by extruding a typical acrylonitrile-based spinning dope through a conventional spinnerette into an aqueous coagulation bath wherein the dope hardens into a filament. After the fibers were washed and stretched as they were drawn up a hot water cascade, they were heated and partially dried on a set of drying rolls. When the moisture content of the fiber was from 10 to 50 percent by weight and the temperature of the filaments has reached approximately 100 C., they are immersed in an aqueous emulsion which contains.
• the mixture preferably also contains a dispersing or emulsifying agent which insures a more homogeneous suspension of the several ingredients and, because of the reactive nature of these ingredients, it is preferably held at temperatures below about 40 C. in order to prevent premature polymerization and thus extend the useful pot life of the mixture.
• the treated fibers then continue through a series of heated rolls during which time the fibers are completely dried and the antistatic coating is polymerized by the heat from the rolls thereby forming a veneer around the fibers.
• the time required for a segment of fiber to complete its course through the dual series of heated rolls and the application bath is approximately 30 to 60 seconds.
• this antistatic agent may also be used in combination with other textile filaments, such as polyester fibers and articles produced therefrom.
• a fiber was formed by extruding a typical polyester melt, such as polyethylene terephthalate, through a conventional spinnerette downwardly through a chimney where the melt was air quenched and was hardened into filaments. The fibers were converged and collected on a bobbin as undrawn yarn. A number of bobbins were then combined and a tow was formed by continuously pulling the yarn therefrom. The tow was heated to at least 40 C. by being passed under a hot water spray. The fiberous tow then passed into a draw zone where the temperature thereof was increased to C. C.
• While this invention has been generally directed to its use on acrylic fibers the antistatic finish is especially useful on fibers formed from a polyamide.
• Simple linear polyamides which are normally insoluble in alcohol but are soluble in phenols and they are of two types, hose derived from polymerizable monoaminomonocarboxylic acids or their amide forming derivatives and those derived from the reaction of a suitable diamine with suitable dicarboxylic acids. On hydrolysis with mineral acids, the polyamides yield monomeric amide forming reactants.
• the activating compounds of this invention are applicable to the polycarbonamides of the type derived from the reaction of a suitable diamine with a suitable dicarboxylic acid.
• polycarbonamide On hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, these polycarbonamides yield the dibasic acid and the diamine hydrochloride.
• These polycarbonamides are of the general type disclosed in US. Patents 2,071,250, 2,071,253 and 3,130,948.
• the term polycarbonamide means polymers having recurring units of formula:
• R is hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical as integral parts of the main polymer chain, the average number of carbon atoms separating the amide groups being at least two.
• this invention is concerned with the simple, unsubstituted polyamides such as the polymers formed by the reaction of tetramethylene diamine and adipic acid, tetramethylenediamine suberic acid, tetramethylenediarnine with sebacic acid, hexamethylenediamine with adipic acid, hexamethylenediamine with suberic acid and hexamethylenediamine with sebacic acid.
• this invention will cover any nylon formed from a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid as well as those formed from the interpolymerization of monoaminomonocarboxylic acid.
• polymers formed from the reaction or two or more diamines are contemplated.
• the word polyamide is defined as above for the purpose of this invention and when referred to in the specification encompasses the above monoaminomonocarboxylic acid polyamide as well as the diamine-diacid polyamides.
• the permanency of the antistatic coating which has been applied to the fibers was checked in the following manner.
• the fibers are converted into yarn and the yarn is knitted into a tubular fabric shape.
• the fabric is then washed in a Kenmore washing machine at F. using a 0.5 percent aqueous solution Tide detergent for four minutes or alternatively, a 0.3 percent solution of tetra sodium pyrophosphate may be used as the detergent.
• the steps of washing the tube in the detergent for four minues and centrifuging it are repeated four times whereupon it is dried in an air atmosphere with a relative humidity of 35 percent at a temperature of 72 F.
• the tube is then run on a Hayeck and Chromey apparatus to determine the level of static protection. The protection is considered satisfactory if one-half of the static electrical charge induced thereon is drained off within 60 seconds.
• n is a Whole integer from 2 to 40
• X is selected from the group consisting of Cl
• NHCH R is a whole number from about 30 to about 100
• q is a whole number from about 4 to about 14.
• the epoxide referred to above can be prepared by condensing epichlorohydrin with a polyol.
• a typical example is the condensation product (with elimination of HCl) of glycerine and epichlorohydrin. Preparation of these products is described in detail in British Patent 780,288, dated July 31, 1957.
• Such a material with a molecular weight of between about 230 to 360 is available on the open market under the trademark Eponite 100 (viscosity 90-150 cp. at 25 C.; 10.2 lb./gal.).
• Epon resins which are diepoxide condensation products of epichlorohydrin and 2,2-diphenylol propane, and the poly (allyl glycidyl ethers).
• the third critical ingredient of this finishing composition was selected from the group consisting of partial fatty acid esters of polyhydroxy compounds.
• Particularly preferred among such ingredients are fatty acid mono and diglycerides and mixtures containing such glycerides.
• a convenient source of such glycerides are the mixtures of mono-, di-, and triglycerides prepared simultaneously with sodium soap emulsifiers as discussed and defined in the examples and claims of US. Patent 2,978,408 (with particular reference to the fourth full paragraph of column 2), currently under the trademark Proxoft N, which in addition to the above compounds also contains a heat labile acid salt and an additional emusifying agent which are not important to the instant invention.
• An example of an aliphatic ester in accordance with the present invention is a fatty glyceride of the formula:
• --(M)-- is a hydrogen atom or fatty acid residue of the formula and --R-- is an alkyl group containing from 13 to 21 carbon atoms.
• a dispersing agent is preferably added to the polyamine/epoxy/ fatty glyceride mixture to insure a thorough mixture of the respective ingredients.
• Satisfactory dispersing agents are the aromatic polyglycol ethers, one example of such being the alkylphenol polyglycol ether containing 9.5 moles of ethylene oxide which can be purchased on the open market under the trademark Neutronyx 600.
• Another example of such a dispensing agent is nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol which may be purchased under the trade name Igepal.
• Another satisfactory dispersing agent is nonylphenyl polyethylene glycol ether which can be purchased on the open market under the trade name, Tergitol.
• Example I An acrylic fiber consisting of a copolymer of 93 percent acrylonitrile and 7 percent vinyl acetate was wet spun in a conventional manner. Prior to the final drying of the coagulated, washed and partially collapsed fiber, it was passed through a bath comprising an aqueous emulsion as described below, the concentration thereof being adjusted to afford a solids pickup of 0.50 percent based on the weight of the dried fiber. The concentration of the finish solution based on the weight of the constituents was as follow:
• a fabric sample prepared from the treated staple had a static half-life of 2 seconds after it had been washed 10 times and 3 seconds after it had been washed 20 times in a 0.5 percent solution of "Tide" detergent.
• Example II An acrylic fiber consisting of percent acrylonitrile, 7 percent vinyl acetate, and 7 percent 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine was wet spun according to conventional techniques and the finish was applied as described in Example I. The concentration of the finished solution based on the weight of the constituents was:
• a fabric sample which was prepared from the finished staple fiber had a static half-life of 4 seconds after 10 washings and 5 seconds after 20 washings in a 0.5- percent solution of Tide detergent.
• Example III A polyethylene terephthalate fiber was melt spun and processed into staple according to conventional procedures. Prior to the final drying operation, the tow was sprayed with a finish solution prepared as described in Example I. The finished staple processed Well through the textile system. A fabric sample prepared from the staple had a static half-life of 18 seconds after 10 washings and a 43 seconds after 20 washings in a 0.5 percent solution of Tide detergent.
• Example IV A polyethylene terephthalate fiber was melt spun and processed into staple according to conventional procedures. Prior to the final drying operation, the tow was sprayed with a finish solution prepared as described in Example II. The finished staple processed well through the textile system. A fabric sample prepared from the staple had a static half-life of 20 seconds after 10 washings and a 47 seconds after 20 washings in a 0.5 percent solution of Tide detergent.
• Example V Example VI A polyamide fiber was melt spun and processed into staple according to conventional procedures. Prior to the final drying operation, the tow was sprayed with a finish solution prepared as described in Example II. The finished staple processed well through the textile system. A fabric sample prepared from the staple had a static half-life of 1 second after 10 washings and a 6 seconds after 20 washings in a 0.5 percent solution of Tide detergent.
• composition of matter useful for minimizing the accumulation of charges of static electricity on synthetic textile fibers comprising the reaction product of:
• n is a whole integer from 2 to 40
• X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and -NHCH r is a whole number from about 30 to about 100
• q is a whole number from about 4 to about 14
• composition of matter useful for minimizing the accumulation of charges of static electricity on synthetic textile fibers comprising the reaction product of:
• n is a whole integer from 2 to 40
• X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and --NHCH r is a whole number from about 30 to about 100 8 and q is a whole number from about 4 to about 14, (c) a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of the formula: n
• a process of minimizing the accumulation of charges of static electricity upon a hydrophobic shaped structure comprising applying to said structure a mixture of:
• n is a whole integer from 2 to 40
• X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine and --NHCH r is a whole number from about to about 100 and q is a whole number from about 4 to about 14,
• a process of minimizing the accumulation of charges of static electricity upon a synthetic textile filament comprising applying to said filament a mixture in the form of an aqueous emulsion consisting of (a) a polyepoxide,
• (M) is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a fatty acid residue of the formula:
• -R is an alkyl group containing from about 13 to about 21 carbon atoms, and polymerizing said mixture on said filament.
• the textile fiber is a terpolymer consisting of about 86 percent acrylonitrile, 7 percent vinyl acetate and 7 percent 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine.
• a process of minimizing the accumulation of charges of static electricity on a synthetic textile filament comprising contacting the filament during the spinning thereof with an aqueous emulsion consisting essentially of (a) a polyepoxide,
• n is a whole integer from about 2 to about 40
• X is selected from the group consisting of chlorine
• NHCH r is a Whole numher from about 30 to about 100 and q is a whole number from about 4 to about 14, and
• R is an alkyl containing from about 13 to about 21 carbon atoms
• the synthetic textile filament is selected from the group consisting of a polyamide fiber, a polyester fiber, and an acrylonitrile polymer containing fiber.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Epoxy Resins (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27009073

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (13)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1964
  • 1964-07-06 US US380638A patent/US3395107A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1964-07-06 US US380648A patent/US3335105A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1965
  • 1965-07-04 IL IL23878A patent/IL23878A/xx unknown
  • 1965-07-05 GB GB28367/65A patent/GB1109300A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-07-06 CH CH943265A patent/CH479754A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1965-07-06 NL NL6508684A patent/NL6508684A/xx unknown
  • 1965-07-06 DE DE19651469434 patent/DE1469434A1/de active Pending
  • 1965-07-06 BE BE666446D patent/BE666446A/xx unknown
  • 1965-07-06 CH CH1238267A patent/CH457707A/de unknown

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents