US3396541A - Means and method for construction sand drains in the earth's surface - Google Patents

Means and method for construction sand drains in the earth's surface Download PDF

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Publication number
US3396541A
US3396541A US448974A US44897465A US3396541A US 3396541 A US3396541 A US 3396541A US 448974 A US448974 A US 448974A US 44897465 A US44897465 A US 44897465A US 3396541 A US3396541 A US 3396541A
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Prior art keywords
tube
sand
hole
filled
drain
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US448974A
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English (en)
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Lamberton Bruce Alexander
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Intrusion Prepakt Inc
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Intrusion Prepakt Inc
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Priority to BE131871A priority patent/BE800443Q/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
    • E02F5/101—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables forming during digging, e.g. underground canalisations or conduits, by bending or twisting a strip of pliable material; by extrusion

Definitions

  • a sand drain comprising a flexible, porous tube of fabric material filled with sand inserted in a hole in the earth.
  • a plurality of tubes may be arranged in side by side relationship around the perimeter of the hole with loose aggregate material in the core or concentric tubes of sand and aggregate may be used.
  • the tube may be formed in a continuous strip, filled with sand and laid in a trench in the earth.
  • This invention pertains to the art of water drainage from the earths surface and more particularly to means and method for constructing sand drains for this purpose.
  • a still further problem has been that over a period of time the water flowing from the soil into the sand carries with it particles of the soil into the sand and finally blocks up and close the passages between the sand particles.
  • a still further problem has been that it was not always possible to use the optimum size of sand particles or to obtain a gradation of the size of sand particles from the outer portions toward the core or even to use the aggregate as a core for the sand column.
  • the present invention contemplates means and meth- Patented Aug. 13, 1968 "ice od for constructing sand drains in the earths surface which overcomes all of the above-referred to difliculties and others and provides a sand drain which is easily and quickly constructed and which will not block up due to any cause.
  • a hole of a desired diameter and depth is first formed in the ground and then a flexible, porous tube of woven fabric is placed in the hole, such tube, either before or after being inserted into the hole, being filled with sand or other particulate material through which water can readily flow.
  • the tube is filled with the sand prior to being inserted into the hole.
  • a sand drain comprised of an elongated tube of flexible, porous woven fabric material closed at at least the lower end and filled with a particulate material, such as sand or aggregate.
  • a sand drain comprised of a pair of inner and outer coaxial tubes of woven fabric, porous material with the inner tube filled with a coarse aggregate and the space between the inner and outer tubes being filled with sand.
  • a method of providing horizontal drains comprising progressively forming a continuous trench in the earths surface, progressively forming a sand filled tube of flexible porous material, progressively placing such filled tube at the bottom of the trench and progressively covering the tube.
  • the principal object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved means and method for constructing sand drains in the earths surface which is quickly installed and which will not plug up while in use.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved sand drain for use in the earths surface which enables the use of the optimum size of sand particle.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved sand drain wherein the center core of the drain may be open or have a particle size much larger than the outer portions thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved method for forming sand drains in the earth wherein the sand drain may be inserted into a newly formed opening before the walls of the opening have had a chance to cave in.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved sand drain in the earths surface which will not be blocked up by horizontal shifts in various layers of the earths surface.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved sand drain wherein intermingling of the sand and the surrounding soil is prevented.
  • Another object is the provision of a new and improved method of installing horizontal drains in the earths surface which is simple, rapid and economical.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of the earths surface showing one method of forming the hole to receive a sand drain of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a view similar to FIGURE 1 showing a sand drain supported in position for filling and partially lowered into the hole of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sand drain having an alternative form of reinforcement
  • FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the fabric tube of FIGURES 2 and 3 showing the arrangement of the seam;
  • FIGURE 5 is a top cross-sectional view of an alternative form of sand drain
  • FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of the sand drain of FIGURE 5 prior to being shaped into the form of a tube;
  • FIGURE 7 is a schematic view of apparatus and method for continuously laying horizontal sand drain and illustrating an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a fragmentary cross section of the earths surface 10 with an auger 11 being rotatably driven thereinto for the purpose of drilling a vertically extending opening 12.
  • the auger 11 may take any known construction and may be rotated by any suitable power means not shown.
  • the diameter of the hole may be as desired, but in the preferred embodiments, will be on the order of from 10-12 inches.
  • the depth of the hole 12 is that required to provide the desired depth of drainage and, of course, will vary with dilferent soils and different locations.
  • the earth 13 removed from the hole 12 may be allowed to remain around the auger or it may be removed as fast as the auger 11 brings it up from the bottom of the hole. When the hole is completed, the auger 11 may be removed.
  • a sand drain for insertion into such hole has preferably been prepared.
  • such sand drain is comprised of an elongated tube of flexible, porous fabric material, the lower end of which has been sealed closed by means of a suitable tie 21.
  • This tube 20 is then filled with a particulate material such as loose sand or aggregate or a mixture of both 22, and the upper end tied as at 24.
  • This tube 20 may be filled in any desired way, but in the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the tube 20 is folded out and down over a steel ring 26 having a downwardly and inwardly inclined outer surface 27.
  • a clamping ring 28 having an upwardly and outwardly inclined surface 29 clamps the folded over portion of the tube 25 between the two inclined surfaces 27, 29.
  • Support members 30 extend upwardly from the clamping ring 28 and are supported by overhead support means not shown.
  • Sand or gravel from a hopper 32 is then fed into the open upper end of the tube 20 through a flexible hose 33.
  • the exact method of filling the tube with the sand or gravel forms no part of the present invention.
  • the tube 20 is then tied off as at 24 as heretofore described.
  • the filled tube 20 is supported vertically adjacent to the hole 12 so that as soon as the auger 11 is out of the way, the filled tube 20 may be quickly lowered into the hole 12.
  • the tube 20 will have an inflated diameter of from 1-2 inches less than that of the hole 12 so that it inserts readily thereinto and in the event of any projecting rocks or the like, there is no danger of the tube 20 being torn as it is being inserted.
  • the length of the tube is such that when bottomed in the hole 12, it will be generally flush with the earths surface.
  • the tube 20 is of flexible, porous material.
  • the size of the openings therethrough should not be substantially greater than the smallest size of the particles of the material which will be placed into the tube.
  • Such materials normally have flow characteristics and inflate the tube 20 with a considerable pressure, particularly at the lower end.
  • the filled tube 20 is normally quite rigid due to this internal radial pressure.
  • the sand in the tube 20 may have considerable weight beyond that of the strength of the fabric ma terial.
  • suitable longitudinal reinforcing means can be provided.
  • such reinforcing means is comprised of an elongated rod 40 which extends coaxially through the filled tube 20 from a point below the tie 21 to a point above the tie 24.
  • This member 40 may have a loop 41 provided therein so that it can be suitably engaged by overhead supports not shown.
  • the lower end of the rod 40 is suitably threaded into a flat Washer 43 and the entire weight of the filled tube 20 thus rests on this washer 43 and is transferred to the rod 40.
  • the rod 41 can be unscrewed from the washer 43 and reused.
  • FIGURE 3 shows an alternative arrangement for reinforcing the filled tube 20.
  • a plurality, three or four rods 50 extend vertically the length of the tube in engagement with the outside thereof. These rods 50 engage in threaded openings in a plate 51 positioned at the lower end of the filled tube 20 and the weight of the filled tube rests on this plate 51 and is thus transferred to the rods 50.
  • the upper end of the rods 50 extend through suitable openings in a plate 52 and threaded nuts 53 engage the end thereof.
  • An eye 54 connected to the plate 52 is adapted to be engaged by an overhead supporting means, not shown. As soon as the sand drain of FIGURE 3 is lowered into position in the hole 12, the nuts 53 and plate 52 may be removed and then the rod 50 may be unscrewed from the plate 51 and recovered for reuse.
  • rods 40 or 50 makes it possible to use a flexible material for making the tube which has considerable less strength requirements than would be the case if the rods 40 or 50 were not employed.
  • the tube 20 can be formed of any one of a number of different materials, but in the preferred embodiment is formed from a woven fabric of one of the synthetic materials such as nylon, Orlon or the like.
  • the individual strands of this fabric are preferably of the twisted type and are coated so that they will pass water more freely.
  • These synthetic materials have the ability of not rotting away when left in the earths surface and exposed to water over prolonged periods and further have the required strength characteristics to withstand without rupturing the various pressures and forces imposed on the filled tube by the sand and gravel on the inside thereof or by the shifting of the earths surface after the sand drain has been installed.
  • the tube 20 may be formed in any one of a number of different ways such as being woven to the shape of a tube, but in the preferred embodiment of the invention, an elongated strip 60 of the desired material is folded over longitudinally so that its edges 61, 62 overlap, with the outer surface of the edge 61 facing or opposing the inner surface of the edge 62 and these edges are then preferably cemented with a flexible cement 63 which has substantial shear strength characteristics. If desired, stitching 64 can be employed to hold the edges 61, 62 in overlapping engagement until the cement 63 has had a chance to set up. Such a method of fabricating the tube provides a seam which has the strength necessary to resist the very high radial pressures which can be developed on the inside of the tube 20.
  • the tube 20 in a collapsed condition can be lowered into the hole 12 and then the particulate material poured thereinto.
  • the material from which the tube 20 is formed must be water permeable, that is to say, it must have a willciently loose weave that water can readily flow therethrough while at the same time the size of the openings must be small enough to prevent the particles of the sand 22 from flowing out through such holes, at least to an appreciable degree.
  • the maximum size of the openings of the fabric should not be greater than one and one-half times the minimum size of the majority of the particles of the sand 22.
  • tube 20 can be filled with sand, gravel or a mixture of both.
  • FIGURE 5 shows an alternative form of sand drain constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • a sand drain consists of a plurality of vertically extending tubes 65 arranged in side-by-side engagement around the outer periphery of the hole 12.
  • These tubes 65 are preferably comprised of elongated tubes of woven fabric material filled with suitable sand or aggregate.
  • These tubes 65 may be inserted individually into the hole 12 in the arrangement shown in FIGURE 5 or in a preferred embodiment, are made from a blanket of woven fabric material made up of two layers 68, 69 which are joined at spaced longitudinally extending points 70. This joining may take place by stitching or in the preferred embodiment, by having the weave of the layer 68 extend across the layer 69.
  • the ends of the layers 68, 69' may be suitably joined by cementing or stitching as at 72 to hold the tubes in the circular configuration of FIGURE 5.
  • the core defined by the plurality of tubes 65 may be left void or filled with a coarse aggregate or a loose sand as desired.
  • FIGURE 7 shows a still alternative embodiment of the invention, particularly adapted for installing horizontal drains in the earths surface in a continuous manner.
  • a wheeled vehicle 80 is provided which is moved from right to left by any suitable power means not shown.
  • Means for digging the trench is shown as being in the form of a plow blade 81 extending downwardly into the earth to a desired depth. This blade 81 cuts a furrow or channel 82 in the earth, throwing the dirt into a windrow 83 along the sides of the channel 82.
  • a reel 85 of an elongated strip 36 of woven fabric material which strip 86 is unwound from the reel 85 as the vehicle 80 moves to the left.
  • a funnel-shaped guide 87 forces the edges of the strip 86 into overlapping relationship to form a tube as at 90. If necessary, cementing or stitching means, not shown, can be provided for fastening these overlapping edges together.
  • Sand is continuously supplied from a hopper 88 through a flexible tube 89 into the inside of this tube 90 as fast as it forms.
  • the filled tube 90 is then supported on a slide 91 on the rear of the vehicle and is gradually lowered into the trench 82 as the vehicle 80 moves to the left, it being noted that the sand on the inside of the filled tube 90 keeps the fabric inflated into the shape of an elongated cylinder.
  • the windrow 83 may be pushed back into the trench as at 95. Water may then seep from the surrounding soil through the porous walls of the tube 90 and thence longitudinally through the sand on the inside of the tube 90 to suitable drainage points not shown.
  • the tube 20 was filled prior to insertion into the opening 12.
  • the tube 20 may be inserted into the opening 12 in the unfilled condition and sand, gravel or aggregate poured into the tube 20 or if desired, and particularly where the walls defining the tube 12 have little or no strength, an alternative form of insertion of the tube 20 may be necessary.
  • the auger 11 may be provided with a hollow shaft and the tube 20 in radially collapsed form may be forced lengthwise through this hollow shaft to the bottom of the auger.
  • a hose or a rigid pipe extends internally of the collapsed tube 20 to the bottom end thereof.
  • the tube 20 As the auger 11 is withdrawn, the tube 20 is held stationary, that is to say, it is pushed out of the bottom of the hollow shafted auger as the auger 11 is being withdrawn. At the same time, a slurry of sand is pumped downwardly through the pipe so as to fill and inflate the lower end of the tube 20 as fast as it is pushed out of the lower end of the hollow shaft of the auger. In this way, even though the walls of the opening 12 tend to collapse as the auger 11 is being withdrawn, as soon as the auger 12 has been even in part withdrawn, the tube 20 inflated with the sand expands outwardly, engages the walls and prevents their collapse.
  • particulate material is meant a non-water-soluble granular substance having a grain size sufficiently large that water can readily seep therethrough at rates faster than in ordinary soils.
  • a grain size of approximately & inch or larger is contemplated. Obviously, as the grain or particle size increases, the volume of the voids therebetween increases and the water flow therethrough is facilitated.
  • a method of forming said drains in the earths surface comprising forming a hole in the earths surface, filling an elongated flexible, porous tube of fabric material with sand and inserting a closed end of such filled tube into the hole and lowering the tube in an upright position to substantially fill the hole to provide a drain.
  • the method of forming a sand drain in the earths surface comprising forming a hole in the earths surface, inserting a tube of flexible, porous fabric material into and lengthwise of such hole and filling the inserted tube with sand, the sand inflating the tube to support the tube in the hole to form a drain therein.
  • the method of forming sand drains in the earths surface comprising forming a hole in the earths surface of a predetermined diameter and to the desired depth of the sand drain, providing an elongated tube of flexible, porous fabric material, filling such tube with sand and immediately after the forming of the hole, inserting the filled tube into the hole in an upright position and lowering the tube to substantially fill the hole to provide a drain.
  • a sand drain comprised of an elongated tube of flexible, porous fabric material, means closing the lower end thereof, rigid means defining a load bearing support at said end, a reinforcing member extending the length of such tube and removably attached at one end to said rigid means, the other end of the member providing means for supporting the tube in an upright position, and sand filling such tube and expanding same.
  • a sand drain comprised of a pair of coaxial tubes of flexible, porous fabric material extending in the earths surface, the inner tube having a diameter of less than that of the outer tube and aggregate filling the inner tube and a sand filling the space between the inner and outer tubes, the aggregate and sand inflating the tubes Whh the outer tube being in engagement with the earth to provide drainage.
  • a sand drain comprised of a plurality of longitudinally extending tubes of woven flexible porous fabric material filled with a sand-like material said tubes being arranged in longitudinal side-by-side relationship lengthwise of and around the perimeter of a generally circular hole in the earths surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a sand drain in the earths surface comprising continuously forming a trench in the earths surface, continuously forming a strip of Woven porous fabric material into the shape of a flexible tube, filling such tube with a loose sand-like material, lowering the filled tube into such trench and filling in the remainder of the trench adjacent the tube.
  • a method of manufacturing a sand drain in the earths surface comprising: providing a hollow shafted auger, screwing such auger into the earths surface to the desired depth of the sand drain, providing an elongated tube of flexible, porous fabric material in the hollow shaft of such auger, the lower end of such tube being closed, withdrawing such auger while simultaneously pushing said tube through the hollow shaft of the auger into the cavity formed by the withdrawal of the auger and pumping a granular material into such tube as it emerges from the end of the hollow shafted auger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US448974A 1965-04-19 1965-04-19 Means and method for construction sand drains in the earth's surface Expired - Lifetime US3396541A (en)

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BE131871A BE800443Q (fr) 1965-04-19 1973-06-04 Dispositif et procede de construction de puits sables dans la surface de la terre

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3712066A (en) * 1970-08-06 1973-01-23 Raymond Int Inc Filling sand drain holes
JPS487469Y1 (fr) * 1969-10-09 1973-02-26
US3797250A (en) * 1972-02-07 1974-03-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Capillary device
US3859798A (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-01-14 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Method of constructing a flexible sand in the soft ground
US3928979A (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-12-30 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Flexible sand drain formed in a casing
DE2338590C3 (de) 1973-05-22 1976-04-01 Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Yokohama (Japan) Schlauchförmige Schutzhülle für einen lotrechten Sanddrän
US4451175A (en) * 1982-02-05 1984-05-29 Teijin Limited Method for improving soft ground by sand drain method and cylindrical bag for use in same
US4820080A (en) * 1986-03-21 1989-04-11 Comporgan System House Process for the construction of a drain system
US4929126A (en) * 1987-01-21 1990-05-29 Digging Trading Company N.V. Method for installing a screen of flexible material in the soil
US20040218979A1 (en) * 2003-02-10 2004-11-04 Ohio State University System and method for draining soil profiles
US20080080932A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Freyssinet Method and device for inserting a drainage wick
US20090123232A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2009-05-14 Bussey Jr Harry Drainage element with a periphery of different materials
US7736091B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2010-06-15 Freyssinet Method and device for inserting a drainage wick
US7811030B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2010-10-12 Icc Technologies Inc. Water drainage system for a field having a water impermeable layer
US8782978B1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2014-07-22 Gerry Frenette Post footing device

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US822588A (en) * 1905-07-07 1906-06-05 Robert A Cummings Method of sinking and building concrete piles.
US978836A (en) * 1910-06-20 1910-12-20 Edward Watson Bowslaugh System for land-draining.
US1425888A (en) * 1921-10-22 1922-08-15 Dabney H Maury Well
US1886121A (en) * 1920-11-04 1932-11-01 Chester E Records Well screen
US2577252A (en) * 1939-01-25 1951-12-04 Kjellman Walter Drainage method and device
US2659208A (en) * 1947-10-21 1953-11-17 Frankignoul Pieux Armes Drainage pile
US2763991A (en) * 1952-06-19 1956-09-25 Woodrow A Kennon Device for treating soil
GB894675A (en) * 1957-08-24 1962-04-26 Nederlanden Staat A new or improved protective lining for the bed surfaces and/or slopes, particularly in hydraulic engineering works, and a method for laying down the same
US3038396A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-06-12 Jr Thomas M Jameson Sub-drain breather
FR1311040A (fr) * 1962-01-19 1962-11-30 Nibler G M B H Procédé d'implantation d'éléments de construction, par bétonnage in situ, ou analogues, dans des liquides stagnants ou à courant lent, et coffrage utilisable pour cette implantation
FR1339485A (fr) * 1962-11-27 1963-10-04 Wests Piling Construct Perfectionnements aux pieux
US3217501A (en) * 1959-12-31 1965-11-16 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for forming tubes from strip material
US3217500A (en) * 1961-08-29 1965-11-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co Plastic drain pipe apparatus for forming and laying plastic drain pipe
US3274782A (en) * 1963-07-05 1966-09-27 Richard E Landau Dewatering clayey and silty soil

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US822588A (en) * 1905-07-07 1906-06-05 Robert A Cummings Method of sinking and building concrete piles.
US978836A (en) * 1910-06-20 1910-12-20 Edward Watson Bowslaugh System for land-draining.
US1886121A (en) * 1920-11-04 1932-11-01 Chester E Records Well screen
US1425888A (en) * 1921-10-22 1922-08-15 Dabney H Maury Well
US2577252A (en) * 1939-01-25 1951-12-04 Kjellman Walter Drainage method and device
US2659208A (en) * 1947-10-21 1953-11-17 Frankignoul Pieux Armes Drainage pile
US2763991A (en) * 1952-06-19 1956-09-25 Woodrow A Kennon Device for treating soil
GB894675A (en) * 1957-08-24 1962-04-26 Nederlanden Staat A new or improved protective lining for the bed surfaces and/or slopes, particularly in hydraulic engineering works, and a method for laying down the same
US3038396A (en) * 1959-12-23 1962-06-12 Jr Thomas M Jameson Sub-drain breather
US3217501A (en) * 1959-12-31 1965-11-16 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for forming tubes from strip material
US3217500A (en) * 1961-08-29 1965-11-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co Plastic drain pipe apparatus for forming and laying plastic drain pipe
FR1311040A (fr) * 1962-01-19 1962-11-30 Nibler G M B H Procédé d'implantation d'éléments de construction, par bétonnage in situ, ou analogues, dans des liquides stagnants ou à courant lent, et coffrage utilisable pour cette implantation
FR1339485A (fr) * 1962-11-27 1963-10-04 Wests Piling Construct Perfectionnements aux pieux
US3274782A (en) * 1963-07-05 1966-09-27 Richard E Landau Dewatering clayey and silty soil

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS487469Y1 (fr) * 1969-10-09 1973-02-26
US3712066A (en) * 1970-08-06 1973-01-23 Raymond Int Inc Filling sand drain holes
US3797250A (en) * 1972-02-07 1974-03-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Capillary device
US3859798A (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-01-14 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Method of constructing a flexible sand in the soft ground
DE2365445A1 (de) * 1973-05-22 1975-03-06 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Verfahren zur herstellung von sanddraens
US3928979A (en) * 1973-05-22 1975-12-30 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Flexible sand drain formed in a casing
DE2338590C3 (de) 1973-05-22 1976-04-01 Chiyoda Chemical Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., Yokohama (Japan) Schlauchförmige Schutzhülle für einen lotrechten Sanddrän
US4451175A (en) * 1982-02-05 1984-05-29 Teijin Limited Method for improving soft ground by sand drain method and cylindrical bag for use in same
US4820080A (en) * 1986-03-21 1989-04-11 Comporgan System House Process for the construction of a drain system
US4929126A (en) * 1987-01-21 1990-05-29 Digging Trading Company N.V. Method for installing a screen of flexible material in the soil
US20040218979A1 (en) * 2003-02-10 2004-11-04 Ohio State University System and method for draining soil profiles
US20080080932A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Freyssinet Method and device for inserting a drainage wick
US7566188B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2009-07-28 Freyssinet Method and device for inserting a drainage wick
US7736091B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2010-06-15 Freyssinet Method and device for inserting a drainage wick
US20090123232A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2009-05-14 Bussey Jr Harry Drainage element with a periphery of different materials
US7811030B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2010-10-12 Icc Technologies Inc. Water drainage system for a field having a water impermeable layer
US8162566B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2012-04-24 Icc Technologies Inc. Drainage element with a periphery of different materials
US8782978B1 (en) * 2013-10-08 2014-07-22 Gerry Frenette Post footing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE800443Q (fr) 1973-10-01

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